The company has elected to apply the provisions of Section 11 'Basic Financial Instruments' and Section 12 'Other
Financial Instruments Issues' of FRS 102 to all of its financial instruments.
Financial instruments are recognised when the company becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.
Financial assets and liabilities are offset, with the net amounts presented in the financial statements, when there is a
legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or to realise
the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
Basic financial assets
Basic financial assets, which include trade and other debtors and cash and bank balances, are initially measured at
transaction price including transaction costs and are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest
method.
Classification of financial liabilities
Financial liabilities and equity instruments are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements
entered into. An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the company after
deducting all of its liabilities.
Basic financial liabilities
Basic financial liabilities, including trade and other creditors, bank loans and loans from fellow group companies, are
initially recognised at transaction price unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the debt
instrument is measured at the present value of the future payments discounted at a market rate of interest.
Debt instruments are subsequently carried at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method.
Equity instruments
Equity instruments issued by the company are recorded at the fair value of proceeds received, net of direct issue costs. Dividends payable on equity instruments are recognised as liabilities once they are no longer at the discretion of the company.