Financial instruments are recognised in the company’s statement of financial position when the company become party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.
Basic financial assets
Basic financial assets which include cash and bank balances, are initially measured at transaction price including transaction costs.
Financial assets classified as receivable within one year are not amortised.
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents are basic financial instruments and include cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks, other short term liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less, and bank overdrafts. Bank overdrafts are shown within borrowings within current liabilities.
Classification of financial liabilities
Financial liabilities and equity instruments are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into. An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the company after deducting all of its liabilities.
Basic financial liabilities
Basic financial liabilities, including trade and other payables and bank loans, are initially recognised at transaction price unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the debt instrument is measured at the present value of future payments discounted at a market rate of interest. Financial liabilities classified as payable within one year are not amortised.
Debt instruments are subsequently carried at amortised cost, using the effective interest method.