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iso4217:GBP xbrli:pure xbrli:shares

Registered number: 03708618









DYWIDAG Limited









Financial Statements

For the year ended 31 December 2023

 
DYWIDAG Limited
 
 
 
Company Information


 
Directors
I Jarvis 
C Glaser 
H Pelham 




Registered number
03708618



Registered office
Datum House
The Pavillions

Bridge Hall Lane

Bury

Lancashire

BL9 7NX




Independent auditors
Hurst Accountants Limited
Chartered Accountants & Statutory Auditors

3 Stockport Exchange

Railway Road

Stockport

SK1 3GG





 
DYWIDAG Limited
 
 
 
Contents



Page
Strategic Report
 
1 - 2
Directors' Report
 
3 - 4
Independent Auditors' Report
 
5 - 8
Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income
 
9
Statement of Financial Position
 
10 - 11
Statement of Changes in Equity
 
12
Statement of Cash Flows
 
13 - 14
Notes to the Financial Statements
 
15 - 47
 
 

 
DYWIDAG Limited
 
 
 
Strategic Report
For the year ended 31 December 2023

Introduction
 
The directors present their Strategic report for the year ended 31 December 2023.

Business review
 
DYWIDAG Limited’s principal activities include provision of geotechnical and concrete technology products plus structural monitoring (infrastructure health) products and services to asset owners, principal contractors and other type of company within the broad construction and infrastructure management industries.
In addition, the company undertakes a significant amount of research and development in relation to products and technology which are being developed for sale across the DYWIDAG Group. The company’s spend on Research and Development during the year was £421,290 (
2022: £1,152,273). Development expenses that meet the criteria to be capitalised was £209,686 (2022: £541,394).  Capitalised development costs are amortised over a period of 4 years.
In the year ended 31 December 2023 the company reported turnover of £30,027,939 (
2022: £29,408,301). A modest increase of 2.1% driven by the geotechnical and concrete technology products which saw 9.4% headline growth. 
Reported profit before tax for the year ended 31 December 2023 was £1,988,704 (
2022: £1,979,881). Removing one off items the adjusted profit before tax was £4,469,620 (2022: £2,356,960). Exceptional items are analysed in note 8.
The performance of the company over the year plus the result for the year are in line with the director’s expectations.
In December 2023, the group fell victim to a cyber attack. Whilst there was some downtime in the UK division, the overall impact on the business was negligible.

Financial key performance indicators
 
The directors consider that the key financial performance indicators of the business are turnover, gross margin, fixed cost to turnover ratio, earnings before interest and tax, trade working capital and conversion of profit to cash. These figures can be derived directly from the financial statements.

Page 1

 
DYWIDAG Limited
 
 
 
Strategic Report (continued)
For the year ended 31 December 2023

Principal risks and uncertainties
 
The directors expect that the Company’s principal activities, as set out above, will remain unchanged for the foreseeable future. The Company’s principal operational and financial risks, both in terms of the financial year just ended and future periods, are as follows:
Credit risk
The Company is exposed to credit risk with respect to trade receivables due from its customers. The Company has a set of procedures in place to manage this risk which includes assessing the credit risk of new customers before accepting orders, setting appropriate credit limits which are reviewed and updated on an annual basis and monitoring outstanding balances in accordance with these. The Company takes a prudent view in assessing the risk of non-payment by customers and considers provision for all debts more than 6 months overdue unless there are specific circumstances to indicate that the risk of non-payment can and will be mitigated.
Obsolescence risk
In holding inventory, the Company has a risk of obsolescence related to these assets. This risk is mitigated by bi-weekly reviews of inventory reports to identify slow moving or potential obsolete items which require a specific action plan to address. The Company takes a prudent view in assessing this risk and ensuring that inventory is recognised at the lower of cost or net realisable value, with all items where there has been no activity in the last 6 months identified and the carrying value considered on a regular basis.
Funding and liquidity risk
By its Liquidity Management procedures, the Company aims to ensure that its liquidity is sufficient to meet the Company’s obligations at all times without exposing the Company to unacceptable losses or reputational risk. For that purpose, the Company monitors its cash flows on an annual basis for the next 12 months as part of the budgeting process, and on a weekly basis for the next 12 weeks, to ensure that it has sufficient liquidity to pay its expected operating expenses and financial liabilities as they fall due. The financing of the Company is expected to derive from its operating activities, which include the use of an overdraft facility provided by the Company’s bankers, with additional funding requirements to come from loans from the Company’s shareholder if required. 
Price risk
The Company has some exposure to commodity price risk. Management of this risk is an integral part of the Company’s control and business processes, including preparation of monthly cost reports and detailed monthly review of the costs by Management. Mitigating actions include both the re-negotiation of input prices with the Company’s supply chain plus the review of selling prices to customers to mitigate the impact on profit.
Interest rate risk
The Company has a minor amount of interest rate risk associated with the debt factoring facility used for some trade receivables. This is managed by ensuring timely collection of trade receivables to minimise the time period for which the debt factoring facility is utilised. With the exception of this, the Company is not exposed to any significant interest rate risk as its operations are financed primarily by equity, working capital and retained profit.


This report was approved by the board and signed on its behalf.



................................................
I Jarvis
Director

Date: 26 April 2024

Page 2

 
DYWIDAG Limited
 
 
 
Directors' Report
For the year ended 31 December 2023

The directors present their report and the financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2023.

Directors' responsibilities statement

The directors are responsible for preparing the Strategic Report, Directors' Report and the financial statements, in accordance with applicable law.

Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law they have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as adopted by the UK.

Under company law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Company and of the profit or loss of the Company for that period. In preparing the financial statements, the directors are required to:

select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;

make judgements and estimates that are reasonable and prudent;

state whether they have been prepared in accordance with IFRS as adopted by the UK, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements;

assess the Company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern; and

use the going concern basis of accounting unless they either intend to liquidate the Company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the Company's transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Company and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are responsible for such internal control as they determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and have general responsibility for taking such steps as are reasonably open to them to safeguard the assets of the Company and to prevent and detect fraud and other irregularities.

Principal activity

DYWIDAG Limited’s principal activities include provision of geotechnical and concrete technology products plus structural monitoring (infrastructure health) products and services to asset owners, principal contractors and other type of company within the broad construction and infrastructure management industries.

Results and dividends

The profit for the year, after taxation, amounted to £1,466,556 (2022 - £1,642,909).

Dividends of £Nil (2022: £Nil) were paid during the year. The directors do not recommend the payment of a final dividend.

Page 3

 
DYWIDAG Limited
 
 
 
Directors' Report (continued)
For the year ended 31 December 2023

Directors

The directors who served during the year were:

I Jarvis 
C Glaser 
H Pelham 

Future developments

The directors have set a budget for 2024 which they believe to be challenging but achievable based on the current economic conditions in the UK and Ireland. 

Financial instruments

Financial instruments and associated risk management is considered to be of strategic importance and is therefore disclosed in the Strategic Report. 

Research and development activities

Details of research and development activities are disclosed in the Strategic Report, due to their strategic importance to the company.

Disclosure of information to auditors

Each of the persons who are directors at the time when this Directors' Report is approved has confirmed that:
 
so far as the director is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the Company's auditors are unaware, and

the director has taken all the steps that ought to have been taken as a director in order to be aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the Company's auditors are aware of that information.

Post year end events

There have been no events after the balance sheet date which require disclosure or amendment to the values as reported in the attached financial statements. 

Auditors

The auditorsHurst Accountants Limitedwill be proposed for reappointment in accordance with section 485 of the Companies Act 2006.

This report was approved by the board and signed on its behalf.
 



................................................
I Jarvis
Director

Date: 26 April 2024
Page 4

 
DYWIDAG Limited
 
 
 
Independent Auditors' Report to the Members of DYWIDAG Limited
 

Opinion


We have audited the financial statements of DYWIDAG Limited for the year ended 31 December 2023 which comprise the Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Incomethe Statement of Financial Positionthe Statement of Cash Flowsthe Statement of Changes in Equity and the related notes (including a summary of significant accounting policies set out on pages 15 - 26. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) as adopted by the United Kingdom.

In our opinion the financial statements:

give a true and fair view of the state of the Company's affairs as at 31 December 2023 and of its profit for the year then ended;

have been properly prepared in accordance with IFRSs as adopted by the United Kingdom; and

have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.


Basis for opinion


We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the auditors' responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the Company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the United Kingdom, including the Financial Reporting Council's Ethical Standard and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

Conclusions relating to going concern


In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate. Our evaluation of the directors' assessment of the Company's ability to continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting included:

 - Review of the company's current order book;
 - Review and analysis of the profit and cash flow forecasts prepared by management;
 - Where appropriate, stress testing and sensitivity analysis on those forecasts;
 - Discussions with management regarding the forecasts and order books;
 - Confirmed that any group companies that have committed to support the company have sufficient resources     to provide such support. 

Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the Company's ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue.

Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report.

Page 5

 
DYWIDAG Limited
 
 
 
Independent Auditors' Report to the Members of DYWIDAG Limited (continued)


Other information


The other information comprises the information included in the Annual Report, other than the financial statements and our auditors' report thereon.  The directors are responsible for the other information contained within the Annual ReportOur opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact. 

We have nothing to report in this regard.

Opinion on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006


In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit: 

the information given in the  and the Directors' Report for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and

the  and the Directors' Report has been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.


Page 6

 
DYWIDAG Limited
 
 
 
Independent Auditors' Report to the Members of DYWIDAG Limited (continued)


Auditors' responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditors' report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.
Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud. The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below:
We identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, and then design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, including obtaining audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.
Identifying and assessing potential risks related to irregularities
In identifying and assessing the risks of material misstatement in respect of irregularities, including fraud and non-compliance with laws and regulations, we considered the following:
• The nature of the industry and sector, control environment and business performance including key drivers for    directors' remuneration, bonus levels and performance targets.
• Enquiring of local management and parent company management, including obtaining and reviewing supporting    documentation, concerning the Company's policies and procedures relating to:
 - Identifying, evaluating and complying with laws and regulations and whether they were aware of any     instances of non-compliance;
 - Detecting and responding to the risks of fraud and whether they have knowledge of any actual, suspected of     alleged fraud;
 - The internal controls established to mitigate risks related to fraud or non-compliance with laws and      regulations.
• Discussing among the engagement team regarding how and where fraud might occur in the financial statements and   any potential indicators of fraud;
• Obtaining an understanding of the legal and regulatory frameworks that the Company operates in, focusing on those   laws and regulations that had a direct effect on the financial statements,  such as the Companies Act 2006, pensions   and tax legislation, or that had a fundamental effect on the operations of the Company, including General Data    Protection requirements, Anti-bribery and corruption policy and the Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme.
Audit response to risks identified
Our procedures to respond to risk identified included the following:
• Reviewing the financial statement disclosures and testing to supporting documentation to assess compliance with    provisions of relevant laws and regulations described as having a direct effect on the financial statements;
• Discussions with management, including consideration of known or suspected instances of non-compliance with    laws and regulations and fraud;
• Evaluation of the operating effectiveness of management’s controls designed to prevent and detect irregularities;
• Enquiring of management concerning actual and potential litigation and claims;
• Performing analytical procedures to identify any unusual or unexpected relationships that may indicate risks of    material misstatement due to fraud; and
• Reading minutes of meetings of those charged with governance, reviewing correspondence with regulators.

Audit response to risks identified (continued)
 
Page 7

 
DYWIDAG Limited
 
 
 
Independent Auditors' Report to the Members of DYWIDAG Limited (continued)



We have also considered the risks noted above in addressing the risk of fraud through management override of controls:
• Testing the appropriateness of journal entries and other adjustments. We have used data analytics software to    identify accounting transactions which may pose a heightened risk of material misstatement, whether due to fraud or   error. This included reviews of data entry around the date of the cyber attack;
• Challenging assumptions made by management in their significant accounting estimates, and assessing whether the    judgements made in making accounting estimates are indicative of a potential bias; and
• Evaluating the business rationale of any significant transactions that are unusual or outside the normal course of    business.
We also communicated relevant identified laws and regulations and potential fraud risks to all engagement team members and remained alert to any indications of fraud or non-compliance with laws and regulations throughout the audit.
There are inherent limitations in the audit procedures described above, and the further removed non-compliance with laws and regulations is from the events and transactions reflected in the financial statements, the less likely we would become aware of it.  Also, the risk of not detecting a material misstatement due to fraud is higher than the risk of not detecting one resulting from error, as fraud may involve deliberate concealment by, for example, forgery or intentional misrepresentations, or through collusion.



Use of our report

This report is made solely to the Company's members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the Company's members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditors' report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the Company and the Company's members, as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.




 
 
John Glover (Senior Statutory Auditor)
for and on behalf of
Hurst Accountants Limited
Chartered Accountants & Statutory Auditors
3 Stockport Exchange
Railway Road
Stockport
SK1 3GG

26 April 2024
Page 8

 
DYWIDAG Limited
 
 
 
Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income
For the year ended 31 December 2023


2023
2022
Note
£
£

  

Revenue
 7 
30,027,939
29,408,301

Cost of sales
  
(16,764,644)
(16,592,268)

Gross profit
  
13,263,295
12,816,033

  

Other operating income
 9 
139,778
352,875

Administrative expenses
  
(9,296,577)
(10,701,724)

Exceptional items
  
(2,470,916)
(377,079)

Profit from operations
  
1,635,580
2,090,105

  

Finance income
  
640,246
89,461

Finance expense
  
(277,122)
(199,685)

Profit before tax
  
1,998,704
1,979,881

  

Tax expense
 14 
(532,148)
(336,972)

Profit for the year
  
1,466,556
1,642,909


Total comprehensive income
  
1,466,556
1,642,909

The notes on pages 15 to 47 form part of these financial statements.

Page 9

 
DYWIDAG Limited
Registered number: 03708618
 
 
Statement of Financial Position
As at 31 December 2023


2023
2022
Note
£
£

Assets

Non-current assets
  

Property, plant and equipment
 15 
1,367,030
1,210,324

Intangible assets
 16 
137,063
1,281,167

  
1,504,093
2,491,491

Current assets
  

Inventories
 17 
1,845,416
4,135,586

Trade and other receivables
 18 
15,366,464
9,990,325

Cash and cash equivalents
  
2,370,074
683,133

  
19,581,954
14,809,044

Total assets

  

21,086,047
17,300,535
Page 10

 
DYWIDAG Limited
Registered number: 03708618
 
 
Statement of Financial Position (continued)
As at 31 December 2023


2023
2022
Note
£
£

Liabilities

Non-current liabilities
  

Loans and borrowings
 20 
1,004,496
1,025,150

Deferred tax liability
 14 
108,483
133,465

  
1,112,979
1,158,615

Current liabilities
  

Trade and other liabilities
 19 
7,608,821
5,292,838

Loans and borrowings
 20 
442,030
393,421

  
8,050,851
5,686,259

  

Total liabilities
  
9,163,830
6,844,874

  

  

Net assets
  
11,922,217
10,455,661


Issued capital and reserves
  

Share capital
 22 
9,988
9,988

Capital redemption reserve
  
49
49

Retained earnings
  
11,912,180
10,445,624

TOTAL EQUITY
  
11,922,217
10,455,661

The financial statements on pages 9 to 47 were approved and authorised for issue by the board of directors on 26 April 2024 and were signed on its behalf by:

................................................
I Jarvis
Director

The notes on pages 15 to 47 form part of these financial statements.

Page 11

 
DYWIDAG Limited

 
 
Statement of Changes in Equity
For the year ended 31 December 2023



Share capital
Capital redemption reserve
Retained earnings
Total equity


£
£
£
£

At 1 January 2022
9,988
49
8,802,715
8,812,752

Comprehensive income for the year



Profit for the year
-
-
1,642,909
1,642,909

Total comprehensive income for the year
-
-
1,642,909
1,642,909

At 31 December 2022
9,988
49
10,445,624
10,455,661

At 1 January 2023
9,988
49
10,445,624
10,455,661

Comprehensive income for the year



Profit for the year
-
-
1,466,556
1,466,556

Total comprehensive income for the year
-
-
1,466,556
1,466,556

At 31 December 2023
9,988
49
11,912,180
11,922,217

The notes on pages 15 to 47 form part of these financial statements.

Page 12

 
DYWIDAG Limited

 
 
Statement of Cash Flows
For the year ended 31 December 2023


As restated
2023
2022
Note
£
£

Cash flows from operating activities
  

Profit for the year
  
1,466,556
1,642,909

Adjustments for
  

Depreciation of property, plant and equipment
 15 
476,376
418,065

Amortisation of intangible fixed assets
 16 
246,308
163,914

Impairment losses on intangible assets
 16 
969,289
24,735

Finance income
  
(640,246)
(89,461)

Finance expense
  
277,122
199,685

Gain on sale of property, plant and equipment
  
(26,065)
(13,880)

Gain on sale of intangible assets
  
(27,639)
-

Income tax expense
 14 
532,148
336,972

  
3,273,849
2,682,939

Movements in working capital:
  

(Increase)/decrease in trade and other receivables
  
(1,710,164)
2,891,717

Decrease/(increase) in inventories
  
2,290,170
(955,067)

Increase/(decrease) in trade and other payables
  
2,122,770
(1,839,098)

Research & Development tax credit
  
(139,778)
(352,875)

Cash generated from operations
  
5,836,847
2,427,616

  

Income taxes paid
  
(58,696)
(88,561)

Net cash from operating activities

  
5,778,151
2,339,055

Cash flows from investing activities
  

Purchases of property, plant and equipment
 15 
(159,721)
(208,024)

Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment
  
31,084
21,400

Purchase of intangibles
 16 
(209,686)
(541,394)

Proceeds from disposal of intangibles
  
165,832
-

Interest received
  
1,120
-

Net cash used in investing activities

  
(171,371)
(728,018)

Cash flows from financing activities
  

Net advances of finance to group companies
  
(3,239,010)
(1,990,307)

Payments of finance lease creditors
  
(450,425)
(430,512)

Interest paid
  
(277,122)
(199,685)

Interest received
  
46,718
-

Net cash used in financing activities
  
(3,919,839)
(2,620,504)
Page 13

 
DYWIDAG Limited

 
 
Statement of Cash Flows (continued)
For the year ended 31 December 2023





As restated




2023
2022




£
£


Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
  
1,686,941
(1,009,467)

  

Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of year
  
683,133
1,692,600

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year
  
2,370,074
683,133

The notes on pages 15 to 47 form part of these financial statements.

Page 14

 
DYWIDAG Limited
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2023

1.


Reporting entity

DYWIDAG Limited (the 'Company') is a private company limited by shares incorporated in the United Kingdom. The Company's registered office and its principal place of business is Datum House, The Pavillions, Bury, Lancashire, BL9 7NX. 
DYWIDAG Limited’s principal activities include provision of geotechnical and concrete technology products plus structural monitoring (infrastructure health) products and services to asset owners, principal contractors and other type of company within the broad construction and infrastructure management industries.


2.


Basis of preparation

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards, International Accounting Standards and Interpretations as adopted by the UK (collectively IFRSs). They were authorised for issue by the Company's board of directors on 26 April 2024.

Details of the Company's accounting policies, including changes during the year, are included in note 3.

In preparing these financial statements, management has made judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of the Company accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to estimates are recognised prospectively.

The areas where judgements and estimates have been made in preparing the financial statements and their effects are disclosed in note 5.


2.1 Basis of measurement

The financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost basis except for the following items, which are measured on an alternative basis on each reporting date.


Items


Items restated - prior year cash flow statement
Management have reviewed the prior year cash flow statement and identified that some of the items previously accounted for as "movement in trade and other receivables" is actually "loans made to fellow group companies." Furthermore, interest on said loan was shown as received in the prior year cash flow statement when it in fact was not. 
As a result, in the comparative cash flow statement, cash generated from operations has increased by £2,079,768, cash used in investing activities has increased by £89,461, and cash used in financing activities has increased by £1,990,307. The net impact on total cash flows is £Nil.

Page 15

 
DYWIDAG Limited
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2023

2.Basis of preparation (continued)


2.2 Changes in accounting policies

i) New standards, interpretations and amendments effective from 1 January 2023

The following amendments are effective for the period beginning 1 January 2023:
- Insurance contracts - First Implementation (IFRS 17);
- Disclosure of Accounting Policies - Making Materiality Judgements (Amendments to IAS 1);
-           Definition of accounting estimates - Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors (amendments to IAS 8)
- Deferred tax relating to assets and liabilities arising from a single transaction - Income taxes (amendments to   IAS 12) and;
- International Tax Reform - Pillar Two Model Rules (amendments to IAS 12).
There are no amendments effective for the period beginning 1 January 2023 that have impacted the numbers in these financial statements. 

Page 16

 
DYWIDAG Limited
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2023

2.Basis of preparation (continued)

ii) 

New standards, interpretations and amendments not yet effective

The following new standards, interpretations and amendments, which are not yet effective and have not been adopted early in these financial statements, will or may have an effect on the Company's future financial statements:

Summary of new standards, interpretations and amendments not yet effective

The following amendments are effective for the period beginning 1 January 2024:
- Leases - Liability in a sale and leaseback (Amendment to IFRS 16);
- Classification of Liabilities as Current or Non-Current (Amendments to IAS 1 Presentation of Financial    Statements);
- Non-current Liabilities with Covenants (Amendments to IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements); and
- Supplier Finance Arrangements (Amendments to IAS 7 Statement of Cash Flows and IFRS 7 Financial    Instruments: Disclosures).
The following amendments are effective for the period beginning 1 January 2025:
- Lack of Exchangeability (Amendments to IAS 21 The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates).

The directors anticipate that the adoption of these Standards in future periods may have an impact on the results and net assets of the Company, however, it is too early to quantify this.

The directors anticipate that the adoption of other Standards and interpretations that are not yet effective in future periods will only have an impact on the presentation in the financial statements of the Company.


3.Accounting policies

 
3.1

Revenue

Revenue is measured based on the consideration specified in a contract with a customer and excludes amounts collected on behalf of third parties. The Company recognises revenue when it transfers control over a product or service to a customer.

The Company does not expect to have any contracts where the period between the transfer of the promised goods or services to the customer and payment by the customer exceeds one year. As a consequence, the Company does not adjust any of the transaction prices for the time value of money.

Page 17

 
DYWIDAG Limited
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2023

3.Accounting policies (continued)


3.1
Revenue (continued)


(i) Sale of goods

Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised on the satisfaction of performance obligations, such as the transfer of a promised good, identified in the contract between the Company and the customer.

A receivable is recognised when the goods are delivered as this is the point in time that the consideration is unconditional because only the passage of time is required before the payment is due.

Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised when the goods are delivered and titles have passed, at which time all
the following conditions are satisfied, in accordance with IFRS 15 (Revenue):
• the Company has transferred to the buyer the significant risk and rewards of ownership of the goods;
• the Company retains neither continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with
 ownership nor effective control over the goods sold;
• the amount of revenue can be measured reliably;
• it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the Company; and
• the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably.


(ii) Rendering of services

Revenue from a contract to provide services is recognised by reference to the stage of completion of the contract. The stage of completion of the contract is determined as follows:
• installation fees are recognised by reference to the stage of completion of the installation, determined as the
 proportion of the total time to install that has elapsed at the end of the reporting period;
• revenue from the time and material contracts is recognised at the contractual rates as labour hours and direct
 expenses are incurred.

Revenue from providing services is recognised in the accounting period in which the services are rendered.

For fixed-price contracts, revenue is recognised based on the actual service provided to the end of the reporting period as a proportion of the total services to be provided because the customer receives and uses the benefits simultaneously.

Where contracts include multiple performance obligations, the transaction price will be allocated to each performance obligation based on the stand-alone selling prices. Where these are not directly observable, they are estimated based on expected cost plus margin. For service contracts including a goods element, revenue for the separate good is recognised at a point in time when the good is delivered, the legal title has passed and the customer has accepted the good.

Estimates of revenues, costs or extent of progress toward completion are revised if circumstances change. Any resulting increases or decreases in estimated revenues or costs are reflected in profit or loss in the period in which the circumstances that give rise to the revision become known by management. 
In the case of fixed-price contracts, if the services rendered by the Company exceed the payment from the customer, a contract asset is recognised, and if the payments exceed the services rendered, a contract liability is recognised. 

Page 18

 
DYWIDAG Limited
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2023

3.Accounting policies (continued)


3.2

Foreign currency

In preparing the financial statements of the Company transactions in currencies other than the entity's functional currency (foreign currencies) are recognised at the rates of exchange prevailing at the dates of the transactions. At the end of each reporting period, monetary items denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing at that date. Non-monetary items carried at fair value that are denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing at the date when the fair value was determined. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are not retranslated.
Exchange differences on monetary items are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which they arise.

Page 19

 
DYWIDAG Limited
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2023

3.Accounting policies (continued)

  
3.3

Leasing




The Company as a lessee

The Company assesses whether a contract is or contains a lease, at inception of a contract. The Company recognises a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability with respect to all lease agreements in which it is the lessee, except for short-term leases (defined as leases with a lease term of 12 months or less) and leases of low-value assets. For these leases, the Company recognises the lease payments as an operating expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease unless another systematic basis is more representative of the time pattern in which economic benefits from the leased asset are consumed.

The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are not paid at the commencement date, discounted by using the rate implicit in the lease. If this rate cannot be readily determined, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate, as set by its parent company.

Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability comprise:

fixed lease payments (including in-substance fixed payments), less any lease incentives;


The lease liability is included in the 'Loans and borrowings' line in the Statement of Financial Position.

The lease liability is subsequently measured by increasing the carrying amount to reflect interest on the lease liability (using the effective interest method) and by reducing the carrying amount to reflect the lease payments made.

The right-of-use assets comprise the initial measurement of the corresponding lease liability, lease payments made at or before the commencement day and any initial direct costs. They are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses.

Right-of-use assets are depreciated over the shorter period of lease term and useful life of the underlying asset. If a lease transfers ownership of the underlying asset or the cost of the right-of-use asset reflects that the Company expects to exercise a purchase option, the related right-of-use asset is depreciated over the useful life of the underlying asset. The depreciation starts at the commencement date of the lease.

The right-of-use assets are included in the 'Property, Plant and Equipment' line, as applicable, in the Statement of Financial Position. They are separately identifiable in the Notes to the Financial Statements.

The Company applies IAS 36 to determine whether a right-of-use asset is impaired and accounts for any identified impairment loss as described in note 3.8.

As a practical expedient, IFRS 16 permits a lessee not to separate non-lease components, and instead account for any lease and associated non-lease components as a single arrangement. The Company has not used this practical expedient.
Where assets of low value are leased, the lease costs are expensed to profit and loss as they are incurred.
 
Page 20

 
DYWIDAG Limited
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2023

3.Accounting policies (continued)


3.3
Leasing (continued)


 The Company as a lessee (continued)

Sale and leaseback
Sale and leaseback transactions are recognised in accordance with IFRS 16:
- A proportion of profit equal to the proportion of the building sold is recognised in profit upon sale;
- A right of use asset equal to the proportion of usage retained is recognised in fixed assets;
- Lease liabilities are recognised over the term of the lease, or up to the point of any break clause if it is    determined likely that the company will exercise that clause.


3.4

Borrowing costs

Borrowing costs directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of qualifying assets, which are assets that necessarily take a substantial period of time to get ready for their intended use or sale, are added to the cost of those assets, until such time as the assets are substantially ready for their intended use or sale.

Investment income earned on the temporary investment of specific borrowings pending their expenditure on qualifying assets is deducted from the borrowing costs eligible for capitalisation.

All other borrowing costs are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred.

 
3.5

Government grants

Government grants are not recognised until there is reasonable assurance that the Company will comply with the conditions attaching to them and that the grants will be received.

Government grants are recognised in profit or loss on a systematic basis over the periods in which the Company recognises as expenses the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate. Specifically, government grants whose primary condition is that the Company should purchase, construct or otherwise acquire non-current assets are recognised as deferred revenue in the consolidated statement of financial position and transferred to profit or loss on a systematic and rational basis over the useful lives of the related assets.

Government grants that are receivable as compensation for expenses or losses already incurred or for the purpose of giving immediate financial support to the Company with no future related costs are recognised in profit or loss in the period in which they become receivable.

The benefit of a government loan at a below-market rate of interest is treated as a government grant, measured as the difference between proceeds received and the fair value of the loan based on prevailing market interest rates.

Page 21

 
DYWIDAG Limited
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2023

3.Accounting policies (continued)

  
3.6

Employee benefits


Retirement benefit costs and termination benefits

A liability is recognised for benefits accruing to employees in respect of wages and salaries, annual leave and sick leave in the period the related service is rendered at the undiscounted amount of the benefits expected to be paid in exchange for that service.

Liabilities recognised in respect of short-term employee benefits are measured at the undiscounted amount of the benefits expected to be paid in exchange for the related service.

Liabilities recognised in respect of other long-term employee benefits are measured at the present value of the estimated future cash outflows expected to be made by the Company in respect of services provided by employees up to the reporting date.

 
3.7

Taxation

Income tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax.


(i) Current tax

The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from ‘profit before tax’ as reported in the Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income because of items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and items that are never taxable or deductible. The Company's current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.

Page 22

 
DYWIDAG Limited
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2023

3.Accounting policies (continued)


3.7
Taxation (continued)


(ii) Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the  financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are generally recognised for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which those deductible temporary differences can be utilised. Such deferred tax assets and liabilities are not recognised if the temporary difference arises from the initial recognition (other than in a business combination) of assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the taxable profit nor the accounting profit. In addition, deferred tax liabilities are not recognised if the temporary difference arises from the initial recognition of goodwill.

Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for taxable temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries and associates, and interests in joint ventures, except where the Company is able to control the reversal of the temporary difference and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future. Deferred tax assets arising from deductible temporary differences associated with such investments and interests are only recognised to the extent that it is probable that there will be sufficient taxable profits against which to utilise the benefits of the temporary differences and they are expected to reverse in the foreseeable future.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered.

Deferred tax liabilities and assets are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period in which the liability is settled or the asset realised, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.

The measurement of deferred tax liabilities and assets reflects the tax consequences that would follow from the manner in which the Company expects, at the end of the reporting period, to recover or settle the carrying amount of its assets and liabilities.


(iii) Current and deferred tax for the year

Current and deferred tax are recognised in profit or loss, except when they relate to items that are recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case, the current and deferred tax are also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively. Where current tax or deferred tax arises from the initial accounting for a business combination, the tax effect is included in the accounting for the business combination.

Page 23

 
DYWIDAG Limited
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2023

3.Accounting policies (continued)

 
3.8

Property, plant and equipment

Items of property, plant and equipment are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses.

If significant parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, then they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment. Any gain or loss on disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment is recognised in profit or loss. Subsequent expenditure is capitalised only if it is probable that the future economic benefits associated with the expenditure will flow to the Company.

Depreciation is provided on all other items of property, plant and equipment so as to write off their carrying value over their expected useful economic lives. It is provided at the following rates:

Plant and machinery
12.5% Straight line
Motor vehicles
33% Straight line
Fixtures and fittings
33% Straight line
Right of use assets
Straight line over the term of the lease

Where an asset's fair value is deemed to be lower than it's book value, an impairment charge is recognised under the provisions of IAS 36.

 
3.9

Intangible assets


(i) Intangible assets acquired separately

Intangible assets with finite useful lives that are acquired separately are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. Amortisation is recognised on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. The estimated useful life and amortisation method are reviewed at the end of each reporting period, with the effect of any changes in estimate being accounted for on a prospective basis. Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives that are acquired separately are carried at cost less accumulated impairment losses.

Development expenditure
4
years

Page 24

 
DYWIDAG Limited
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2023

3.Accounting policies (continued)


3.9
Intangible assets (continued)


(ii) Internally-generated intangible assets

Expenditure on research activities is recognised as an expense in the period in which it is incurred.

An internally-generated intangible asset arising from development (or from the development phase of an internal project) is recognised if, and only if, all of the following have been demonstrated:

the technical feasibility of completing the intangible asset so that it will be available for use or sale;
the intention to complete the intangible asset and use or sell it;
the ability to use or sell the intangible asset;
how the intangible asset will generate probable future economic benefits;
the availability of adequate technical, financial and other resources to complete the development and to use or sell the intangible asset; and
the ability to measure reliably the expenditure attributable to the intangible asset during its development.

In respect of the company, development expenditure relates to the development of interactive platforms for the acquisition, monitoring and presentation of client data.
The amount initially recognised for internally-generated intangible assets is the sum of the expenditure incurred from the date when the intangible asset first meets the recognition criteria listed above. Where no internally-generated intangible asset can be recognised, development expenditure is recognised in profit or loss in the period in which it is incurred.

Subsequent to initial recognition, internally-generated intangible assets are reported at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses, on the same basis as intangible assets that are acquired separately.

Where an asset's fair value is deemed to be lower than it's book value, an impairment charge is recognised under the provisions of IAS 36.

 
3.10

Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Costs of inventories are determined on a first in, first out basis. Net realisable value represents the estimated selling price for inventories less all estimated costs of completion and costs necessary to make the sale.

Page 25

 
DYWIDAG Limited
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2023

3.Accounting policies (continued)

 
3.11

Provisions

Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that the Company will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.

The amount recognised as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation. When a provision is measured using the cash flows estimated to settle the present obligation, its carrying amount is the present value of those cash flows (when the effect of the time value of money is material).

When some or all of the economic benefits required to settle a provision are expected to be recovered from a third party, a receivable is recognised as an asset if it is virtually certain that reimbursement will be received and the amount of the receivable can be measured reliably.

 
3.12

Financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised when an entity becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instruments.

Financial assets and financial liabilities are initially measured at fair value. Transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of financial assets and financial liabilities (other than financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss) are added to or deducted from the fair value of the financial assets or financial liabilities, as appropriate, on initial recognition. Transaction costs directly attributable to the acquisition of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss are recognised immediately in profit or loss.

  
3.13

Defined contribution schemes

Contributions to defined contribution pension schemes are charged to the statement of comprehensive income in the year to which they relate.


3.14

Exceptional items

Although not defined by International Financial Reporting Standards, it is considered necessary in some cases to present certain items of income and expenditure separately in the financial statements to present a materially true and fair position of the results of the company.
Exceptional items of income have been disclosed in other operating income. Exceptional items of expenditure are disclosed as exceptional expenditure. 


4.


Functional and presentation currency

These financial statements are presented in pound sterling, which is the Company's functional currency. All amounts have been rounded to the nearest pound, unless otherwise indicated.

Page 26

 
DYWIDAG Limited
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2023

5.


Accounting estimates and judgements

Preparation of the financial statements requires management to make significant judgements and estimates that
affect amounts recognised for assets and liabilities at the reporting date and the amounts of revenue and expenses incurred during the reporting period. Actual outcomes may differ from these judgements, estimates and assumptions. The judgements, estimates and assumptions that have the most significant effect on the carrying value of assets and liabilities of the Company as at 31 December 2023 are discussed below:
5.1 Judgement
Accrued income and work in progress
The management of the Company exercises judgement in estimating the completeness of projects and the expected recovery of income. The value of accrued income at the year end is £519,568 (2022: £885,020).
Intangible Assets
The management of the Company exercises judgement in estimating the allocation of time spent on internally generated development projects. Costs incurred are charged as an expense until technological feasibility, probable future benefits, intent and ability to use or sell the software, resources to complete the software, and ability to measure cost are proven. Amortisation is charged over 4 years which is deemed useful life of the development costs. The amortisation charge recognised during the year is £246,308 (2022: £163,914).
Management also review the expected revenues and cash flows intangible assets are expected to make, and make appropriate impairment where it is apparent that book values exceed expected returns. During the year, impairments of £969,289 (
2022: £24,375) were charged to the statement of comprehensive income in respect of such impairments. More detail is provided in note 16.
5.2 Estimates and assumptions
Estimated value of provisions (inventories, receivables)
These estimates, by their nature, tend to involve judgement in respect of the current knowledge pertaining to a future event and as such the actual cash flows and the timing of those cash flows may be different. To the extent that it is practicable, independent third-party assessments are sought in order to corroborate these judgements. 
Management provides for receviables on a specific basis. This is a judgement based on a variety of factors, including age of debt, and any specifically identified circumstances. Management have performed a calculation of bad debt provisions based on the conditions of IFRS 9, using the simplified "expected credit loss" method, and have deemed that the difference between the provisions recognised under the specific basis, and those that would be recognised under IFRS 9, is immaterial.
Lease liabilities - incremental borrowing rate
The management of the company have estimated the borrowing rates when determining the value of lease liabilities under IFRS 16. This has been selected via considering the rate at which the wider group can obtain finance. 

Page 27

 
DYWIDAG Limited
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2023

6.


Profit from operations

Operating profit is stated after charging/(crediting):


2023
2022
£
£



Foreign exchange (gains)/losses
(1,392)
293,409

(Gain)/Loss on disposal of fixed assets
(26,065)
(13,880)


7.


Revenue


The following is an analysis of the Company's revenue for the year from continuing operations:


2023
2022
£
£


Supply of geotechnical and construction products
22,228,027
20,619,402

Consultancy in respect of the geotechnical/construction industry
526,548
187,300

Installation and ongoing monitoring of devices
7,273,364
8,601,599

30,027,939
29,408,301


Analysis of revenue by country of destination:

2023
2022
£
£


United Kingdom
28,462,896
27,800,415

Rest of Europe
1,507,329
1,423,388

Rest of the world
57,714
184,498

30,027,939
29,408,301

Timing of revenue recognition:

2023
2022
£
£

Goods and services transferred at a point in time
30,027,939
29,408,301

Page 28

 
DYWIDAG Limited
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2023

8.


Exceptional items

2023
2022
£
£



Legal costs
164,787
61,095

Employee costs in relation to restructure
462,643
315,984

Cloud configuration and customisation costs
290,350
-

Stock provision
440,352
-

Impairment of intangible fixed assets
969,289
-

Write off unbilled revenue
143,495
-

2,470,916
377,079

Legal costs
Costs relating to a restructuring programme that took place in 2022 were classified as exceptional items in these financial statements. In the current year, there were a number of matters encountered during the recruitment of some key staff members that required legal advice, which is shown here as exceptional.
Employee costs in relation to restructure
During the current year, further redundancy costs were paid as part of additional restructuring.
Cloud configuration and customisation costs
Costs relating to material spend in relation to the implementation of new ERP systems that are expensed in accordance with the IFRIC agenda decision.
Stock provision
During the year there was a comprehensive review of the company's stocklines and a number of items were scrapped. The total charge to the Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income of £440,352 is shown as exceptional.
Impairment of intangible fixed assets
Please see note 16 for more information.
Write off unbilled revenue
During the year, the company reached a settlement with a customer on a long term contract, whereby revenue previously recognised amounting to £143,495 was deemed irrecoverable and therefore written off to the Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income.


9.


Other operating income

2023
2022
£
£


Other operating income
139,778
352,875

During the current and prior year, the business submitted claims to HM Revenue and Customs in respect of Research & Development tax credits. This has been recognised as income in the financial statements.

Page 29

 
DYWIDAG Limited
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2023

10.


Auditors' remuneration

During the year, the Company obtained the following services from the Company's auditors:


2023
2022
£
£

Fees payable to the company's auditors for the audit of the Company's financial statements
20,000
18,700

Fees payable to the company's auditors for other services
13,450
12,650

Page 30

 
DYWIDAG Limited
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2023

11.


Employee benefit expenses

2023
2022
£
£

Employee benefit expenses (including directors) comprise:

Wages and salaries
7,669,448
7,713,521

National insurance
873,922
782,972

Defined contribution pension cost
733,869
698,687

9,277,239
9,195,180

Key management personnel compensation

Key management personnel are those persons having authority and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling the activities of the Company, including the directors of the Company listed on page , and the Chief Financial Officer of the Company.


2023
2022
£
£


Salary
1,112,567
955,441

Defined contribution scheme costs
59,779
54,259

Compensation for loss of office
82,908
85,500

1,255,254
1,095,200

The monthly average number of persons, including the directors, employed by the Company during the year was as follows:


2023
2022
No.
No.

Administration
49
62

Directors
2
2

Operational
77
89

128
153

Page 31

 
DYWIDAG Limited
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2023

12.


Directors' remuneration

2023
2022
£
£


Directors' emoluments
777,685
622,198

Company contributions to pension schemes
13,691
25,516

Compensation for loss of office
-
79,200

791,376
726,914


During the year, retirement benefits were accruing to the following number of directors in respect of qualifying services:


2023
2022


Defined contribution schemes
1
2

The highest paid director's emoluments were as follows:


2023
2022
£
£


Total emoluments and amounts receivable under long-term incentive schemes (excluding shares)
586,100
378,526

Company contributions to pension schemes
-
-

586,100
378,526

Page 32

 
DYWIDAG Limited
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2023

13.


Finance income and expense

Recognised in profit or loss


2023
2022
£
£
Finance income

Interest on:
- Bank deposits
1,120
-


Interest receivable from group companies
639,126
89,461

Total finance income

640,246
89,461

Finance expense

Bank interest payable
27
8

Finance leases (interest portion)
65,299
67,803

Other loan interest payable
211,542
131,874

Other interest payable
254
-

Total finance expense
277,122
199,685


Net finance income/(expense) recognised in profit or loss
363,124
(110,224)






Page 33

 
DYWIDAG Limited
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2023

14.


Tax expense

14.1 Income tax recognised in profit or loss



2023
2022
£
£

Current tax

Current tax on profits for the year
530,196
336,362

Adjustments in respect of prior years
16,956
-

Overseas tax
9,978
-

Total current tax
557,130
336,362


Deferred tax expense

Origination and reversal of timing differences
(24,982)
610

Total deferred tax
(24,982)
610


532,148
336,972


Total tax expense

Tax expense excluding tax on sale of discontinued operation and share of tax of equity accounted associates and joint ventures
532,148
336,972

The reasons for the difference between the actual tax charge for the year and the standard rate of corporation tax in the United Kingdom applied to profits for the year are as follows:


2023
2022
£
£


Profit for the year
1,466,556
1,642,909

Income tax expense (including income tax on associate, joint venture and discontinued operations)
532,148
336,972

Profit before income taxes
1,998,704
1,979,881


Tax using the Company's domestic tax rate of 23.5% (2022:19%)
469,695
376,177

(Income) / Expenses not deductible for tax purposes, other than goodwill, amortisation and impairment
(15,236)
22,866

Non- taxable income
-
(48,724)

Adjustments to tax charge in respect of prior periods
16,956
-

Super deduction capital allowance
-
(11,858)

Overseas tax
9,978
-

Timing differences on capitalised development costs
62,939
-

Other differences leading to an increase/(decrease) in the tax charge
(12,184)
(1,489)

Total tax expense
532,148
336,972
Page 34

 
DYWIDAG Limited
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2023

14.Tax expense (continued)


14.1 Income tax recognised in profit or loss (continued)


Changes in tax rates and factors affecting the future tax charges

There were no factors that may affect future tax charges.

14.2 Current tax assets and liabilities

2023
2022
£
£

Current tax assets

Total current tax assets

Current tax liabilities

Corporation tax payable
530,196
336,362

Total current tax liabilities
530,196
336,362

14.3 Deferred tax balances

The following is the analysis of deferred tax assets/(liabilities) presented in the statement of financial position:


2023
2022
£
£


Deferred tax liabilities
(108,483)
(133,465)




Opening balance
Recognised in profit or loss
Closing balance
        £
        £
        £
2023
Deferred tax (liabilities)/assets in relation to:




Property, plant and equipment

(133,465)

24,982

(108,483)


Page 35

 
DYWIDAG Limited
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2023

15.


Property, plant and equipment





Plant and machinery
Motor vehicles
Fixtures and fittings
Right of use assets
Total

£
£
£
£
£



Cost or valuation







At 1 January 2022
1,058,653
560,681
675,584
887,848
3,182,766


Additions
77,983
62,988
67,053
355,814
563,838


Disposals
(215,857)
(111,577)
(20,986)
(225,434)
(573,854)



At 31 December 2022
920,779
512,092
721,651
1,018,228
3,172,750


Additions
122,632
-
37,089
478,380
638,101


Disposals
(12,469)
(108,300)
(1,084)
(137,569)
(259,422)



At 31 December 2023
1,030,942
403,792
757,656
1,359,039
3,551,429


Plant and machinery
Motor vehicles
Fixtures and fittings
Right of use assets
Total

£
£
£
£
£



Accumulated depreciation and impairment







At 1 January 2022
854,906
292,174
576,786
386,829
2,110,695


Charge owned for the year
62,246
85,935
61,596
-
209,777


Charged financed for the year
-
-
-
208,288
208,288


Disposals
(215,277)
(104,852)
(20,771)
(225,434)
(566,334)



At 31 December 2022
701,875
273,257
617,611
369,683
1,962,426


Charge owned for the year
85,118
76,782
49,066
-
210,966


Charged financed for the year
-
-
-
265,410
265,410


Disposals
(9,009)
(106,862)
(963)
(137,569)
(254,403)



At 31 December 2023
777,984
243,177
665,714
497,524
2,184,399



Net book value


At 1 January 2022
203,747
268,507
98,798
501,019
1,072,071


At 31 December 2022
218,904
238,835
104,040
648,545
1,210,324


At 31 December 2023
252,958
160,615
91,942
861,515
1,367,030

Page 36

 
DYWIDAG Limited
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2023

16.


Intangible assets





Development expenditure

£



Cost



At 1 January 2022
1,805,595


Additions - external
241,516


Additions - internal
299,878



At 31 December 2022
2,346,989


Additions - external
111,539


Additions - internal
98,147


Disposals
(138,193)



At 31 December 2023
2,418,482


Development expenditure

£



Accumulated amortisation and impairment



At 1 January 2022
877,173


Charge for the year - owned
163,914


Impairment charge
24,735



At 31 December 2022
1,065,822


Charge for the year - owned
246,308


Impairment charge
969,289


At 31 December 2023
2,281,419



Net book value


At 1 January 2022
928,422


At 31 December 2022
1,281,167


At 31 December 2023
137,063

Page 37

 
DYWIDAG Limited
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2023

16.Intangible assets (continued)

Development expenditure relates to the development of interactive platforms for the acquisition, monitoring and presentation of client data.
Impairment of intangible assets
Management have reviewed sales projections of two projects that have been under development. Underlying sales of these projects are not as had been previously budgeted, and changes to the technology required to maintain operational capacity were no longer economically viable. As a result, the decision has been made to impair the assets to which these projects relate in full. An amount of £969,289 was charged to the Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income during the year and is shown within exceptional items (see note 8).


17.


Inventories

2023
2022
£
£



Finished goods
1,845,416
4,135,586



18.


Trade and other receivables


2023
2022
£
£

Non-current

Total non-current trade and other receivables


Current

Trade receivables
1,525,597
1,163,479

Less: provision for impairment of trade receivables
(20,199)
(19,049)

Trade receivables - net
1,505,398
1,144,430

Receivables from related parties
3,328,694
1,500,068

Loans to related parties
9,608,099
5,776,681

Total financial assets other than cash and cash equivalents classified as loans and receivables
14,442,191
8,421,179

Prepayments and accrued income
704,036
1,142,658

Other receivables
220,237
426,488

Total current trade and other receivables
15,366,464
9,990,325

The carrying value of trade and other receivables classified as loans and receivables approximates fair value.

Page 38

 
DYWIDAG Limited
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2023

18.Trade and other receivables (continued)

Trade receivables due and not impaired financial assets:


2023
2022
£
£


Up to 3 months
1,486,742
1,140,245

3 to 6 months
18,656
4,185

1,505,398
1,144,430

Trade receivables due and fully impaired financial assets:


2023
2022
£
£


3 to 6 months
20,199
7,840

6 to 12 months
-
11,209

20,199
19,049

Movements in the impairment allowance for trade receivables are as follows:





Current

At 1 January
19,049
17,651

Movements in the year
63,510
7,840

Unused amounts reversed
(62,360)
(6,442)

20,199
19,049








The average credit period on sale of goods is 53 days (2022: 60 days). A debt factoring facility is used by the
Company and including the facility for average credit period of sale of good calculation gives a average credit
period of 25 days (
2022: 25 days).

Page 39

 
DYWIDAG Limited
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2023

19.


Trade and other payables


2023
2022
£
£

Non-current

Total non-current trade and other payables


Current

Trade payables
3,166,386
2,678,268

Payables to related parties
1,236,170
337,825

Other payables
115,945
66,050

Accruals
1,771,143
1,098,772

Total financial liabilities, excluding loans and borrowings, classified as financial liabilities measured at amortised cost
6,289,644
4,180,915

Other payables - tax and social security payments
1,181,726
950,672

Deferred income
137,451
161,251

Total current trade and other payables
7,608,821
5,292,838

The carrying value of trade and other payables classified as financial liabilities measured at amortised cost approximates fair value.

The average credit period taken for trade purchases is 70 days (2022: 67 days).


20.


Loans and borrowings

2023
2022
£
£

Non-current

Lease liabilities
1,004,496
1,025,150

Current

Lease liabilities
442,030
393,421

Total loans and borrowings
1,446,526
1,418,571

The carrying value of loans and borrowings classified as financial liabilities measured at amortised cost approximates fair value.
All of the Company's loans and borrowings are in GBP.

Page 40

 
DYWIDAG Limited
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2023

21.


Leases




(i) Leases as a lessee



Leases are recognised in accordance with IFRS 16 as explained in the accounting policies note 3.3 of these financial statements, whereby Right of use assets are recorded on inception of the lease, with a corresponding lease liability, equal to the present value of committed future lease payments.
The net book value of Right of use assets is £861,515 (
2022: £648,545), as shown in note 15 (property, plant and equipment). Of this balance, £627,420 (2022: £548,475) relates to leases on properties the company occupies, with the remainder relating to plant and machinery and motor vehicle leases. All leases have fixed payments.
The present value of lease liabilities and the classification as current and non-current is shown in note 20.
Total leases below includes a property that was the subject of a sale and leaseback transaction in 2021.


Lease liabilities are due as follows:

2023
2022
£
£

Contractual undiscounted cash flows due

Not later than one year
487,728
427,035

Between one year and five years
1,078,615
1,100,860

1,566,343
1,527,895




The following amounts in respect of leases have been recognised in profit or loss:

2023
2022
£
£

Interest expense on lease liabilities
65,299
67,803

Page 41

 
DYWIDAG Limited
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2023

21.Leases (continued)

Extension options and termination options


The company holds leases on several properties. In one such case, the lease runs for ten years until December 2031. There is a break clause at December 2026, which management currently intend to exercise. Rents from January 2027 have not been included in the Right of use asset or liability.


Future cash outflows in periods after the date on which an extension option or termination option may be exercised are only included in lease liabilities if it is reasonably certain that a lease will be extended or will not be terminated. Lease liabilities recognised and potential future lease payments not included in lease liabilities by type of leased asset are as follows:


Lease liabilities recognised (discounted)
Potential future lease payments not included in lease liabilities (discounted)
Historical rate of exercise of extension options and termination options
£
£


Land and Buildings
771,475
1,144,237
-%

As noted above, it is the intention of management to exercise the break clause in December 2026. Nothing has transpired that would suggest management are likely to change that decision at the present time. 

Page 42

 
DYWIDAG Limited
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2023
22.


Share capital

Authorised

2023
2023
2022
2022
Number
£
Number
£

Shares treated as equity
Ordinary shares of £1.00 each

9,988

9,988

9,988
 
9,988
 
9,988

9,988

9,988
 
9,988
 

Issued and fully paid


2023
2023
2022
2022
Number
£
Number
£

Ordinary shares of £1.00 each

At 1 January and 31 December
9,988

9,988

9,988
 
9,988
 


23.


Reserves


Capital redemption reserve

Represents capital repurchased by the company.

Retained earnings

The profit and loss account includes all prior period retained profits and losses, net of dividends.

Page 43

 
DYWIDAG Limited
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2023

24.


Financial instruments - fair values and risk management


24.1 Financial risk management objectives

The Company is exposed through it operations to the following financial risks:
• Funding and liquidity risk
• Credit risk from trade receivables
• Foreign exchange risk

In the process of managing these financial risks, the Company uses the following financial instruments:
• Cash at bank
• Trade receivables
• Trade and other payables
• Other loans
The Company’s overall risk management programme focuses on reducing financial risk as much as possible and therefore seeks to minimise potential adverse effects on the Company’s financial performance. Policies and procedures for managing these risks are set by the Board and are summarised below. Further quantitative information in respect of these risks is presented throughout these financial statements.
Credit risk
The Company is exposed to credit risk with respect to trade receivables due from its customers. The Company has a set of procedures in place to manage this risk which includes assessing the credit risk of new customers before accepting orders, setting appropriate credit limits which are reviewed and updated on an annual basis and monitoring outstanding balances in accordance with these. The Company takes a prudent view in assessing the risk of non-payment by customers and considers provision for all debts more than 6 months overdue unless there are specific circumstances to indicate that the risk of non-payment can and will be mitigated.
Funding and liquidity risk
By its Liquidity Management procedures, the Company aims to ensure that its liquidity is sufficient to meet the Company’s obligations at all times without exposing the Company to unacceptable losses or reputational risk. For that purpose, the Company monitors its cash flows on an annual basis for the next 12 months as part of the budgeting process, and on a weekly basis for the next 12 weeks, to ensure that it has sufficient liquidity to pay its expected operating expenses and financial liabilities as they fall due. The financing of the Company is expected to derive from its operating activities, which include the use of an overdraft facility provided by the Company’s bankers, with additional funding requirements to come from loans from the Company’s shareholder if required. 
Price risk
The Company has some exposure to commodity price risk. Management of this risk is an integral part of the Company’s control and business processes, including preparation of monthly cost reports and detailed monthly review of the costs by Management. Mitigating actions include both the re-negotiation of input prices with the Company’s supply chain plus the review of selling prices to customers to mitigate the impact on profit.
Interest rate risk
The Company has a minor amount of interest rate risk associated with the debt factoring facility used for some trade receivables. This is managed by ensuring timely collection of trade receivables to minimise the time period for which the debt factoring facility is utilised. With the exception of this, the Company is not exposed to any significant interest rate risk as its operations are financed primarily by equity, working capital and retained profit..
 
Page 44

 
DYWIDAG Limited
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2023

24.Financial instruments - fair values and risk management (continued)


24.1 Financial risk management objectives (continued)

Capital Management
Capital comprises share capital and retained earnings. The Company’s objective when maintaining capital is to safeguard the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern so that it can provide returns to shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders. In order to maintain the capital structure, the Company may adjust the amount of dividends paid to shareholders, return capital to shareholders, issue new shares, or sell assets to reduce debt.
Financial Instruments
The other numerical disclosures required by IFRS 7 ‘Financial Instruments: Disclosures’ in relation to financial instruments are included in notes 18 to 20.
Fair value of Financial Assets and Liabilities
The fair values of financial assets and liabilities are determined to be equivalent to their book values. The Company uses a fair value hierarchy for determining and disclosing the fair values of financial instruments by valuation technique, in accordance with IFRS 13. All of the financial instruments held by the Company are included in the level 2 hierarchy.
Foreign exchange risk
The company undertakes transactions in foreign currencies, predominantely the Euro. As a result, the company is exposed to fluctuations in exchange rates. The company does not use deriviative financial instruments to manage the exchange rate risk.
At the year end, the company had assets of £132,396 and liabilities of £2,914,668 denoted in foreign currencies. Were GBP to strengthen by 10% against these currencies, this would result in an increase to net assets of £258,635. Were GBP to weaken by 10%, this would result in a reduction of net assets of £302,173.

Page 45

 
DYWIDAG Limited
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2023

25.


Related party transactions

Details of transactions between the Company and its related parties are disclosed below.

25.1 Trading transactions


During the year, the Company entered into the following trading transactions with related parties:



Sales of goods
Purchases of goods
2023
2022
2023
2022
£
£
£
£


Fellow subsidiaries of the ultimate parent
404,405
216,881
1,490,902
1,262,561

The following balances were outstanding at the end of the reporting period:



Amounts owed by related parties
Amounts owed to related parties
2023
2022
2023
2022
£
£
£
£


Fellow subsidiaries of the ultimate parent
32,044
21,587
194,374
115,505

Sale of goods and services to related parties is made in accordance with the DYWIDAG group transfer pricing policy. Purchases were made at market price discounted to reflect the quantity of goods purchased and the relationship between the parties.

25.2 Loans to related parties




Fellow subsidiaries of the ultimate parent
9,608,099
5,776,681

During the year, the company made further advances of £2,360,475. As a result of netting of trading balances, a further £878,535 was also added to the loan balance. 
Total interest of £639,126 (
2022: £89,461) was charged on loans made to related parties during the year. Interest is charged using a rate calculated as a base rate linked to EURIBOR, plus a margin that is calculated based on a number of factors and linked to group borrowings. These rates are updated quarterly.

Page 46

 
DYWIDAG Limited
 
 
 
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 December 2023

25.Related party transactions (continued)

25.3 Other related party transactions

Other related party transactions are as follows:

Related party relationship
Type of transaction
Transaction amount
Balance owed


2023
2022
2023
2022

        £
        £
        £
        £


Fellow subsidiaries of the ultimate parent

Recharge income

3,430,416
 
3,594,189
 
3,296,650

1,478,481

Fellow subsidiaries of the ultimate parent

Recharge expenditure

(1,084,626)
 
(1,616,150)
 
(1,041,796)

(222,320)


Smart Anchor technology
The Smart Anchor technology, which had a value of £127,731 prior to impairment, as disclosed in note 16, is now being developed at a fellow subsidiary of the company. However, as development has had to essentially start "from scratch" it is appropriate that no value has been transferred to the fellow subsidiary. In addition to this, relevant component stock has been sold to that subsidiary and these sales are included within intercompany sales at note 25.1.
Other intangible asset disposals
During the year, the company sold other intangible assets with a carrying value of £138,193 to a fellow group subsidiary for total proceeds of £165,832. The profit of £27,639 has been credited to the Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income.


26.


Controlling party

The immediate parent company was DSI Construction Holdings Luxembourg SARL, a company registered in the Luxembourg, by virtue of its controlling stake in the voting share capital of the company.
The ultimate parent company is DYWIDAG Luxembourg SARL, registered in Luxembourg, and is the smallest and largest group into which the results of the company are consolidated. Copies of the consolidated financial statements can be obtained from that company's registered office, which is 2 Rue Edward Steichen, L-2540, Luxembourg RCS Luxembourg: B 120523.
The ultimate controlling party is Triton III Fund Continuation GP SARL by virtue of its controlling stake in the ultimate parent company.

Page 47