Registered number: 07783861
Sub2 Technologies Limited
Unaudited
Financial statements
Information for filing with the registrar
For the year ended 31 December 2023
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Sub2 Technologies Limited
Chartered accountants' report to the board of directors on the preparation of the unaudited statutory financial statements of Sub2 Technologies Limited for the year ended 31 December 2023
In order to assist you to fulfil your duties under the Companies Act 2006, we have prepared for your approval the financial statements of Sub2 Technologies Limited for the year ended 31 December 2023 which comprise the balance sheet and the related notes from the company's accounting records and from information and explanations you have given us.
As a practising member firm of the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales (ICAEW), we are subject to its ethical and other professional requirements which are detailed at https://www.icaew.com /regulation.
This report is made solely to the board of directors of Sub2 Technologies Limited, as a body, in accordance with the terms of our engagement letter. Our work has been undertaken solely to prepare for your approval the financial statements of Sub2 Technologies Limited and state those matters that we have agreed to state to the board of directors of Sub2 Technologies Limited, as a body, in this report in accordance with ICAEW Technical Release TECH07/16AAF. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than Sub2 Technologies Limited and its board of directors, as a body, for our work or for this report.
It is your duty to ensure that Sub2 Technologies Limited has kept adequate accounting records and to prepare statutory financial statements that give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities, financial position and profit of Sub2 Technologies Limited. You consider that Sub2 Technologies Limited is exempt from the statutory audit requirement for the year.
We have not been instructed to carry out an audit or review of the financial statements of Sub2 Technologies Limited. For this reason, we have not verified the accuracy or completeness of the accounting records or information and explanations you have given to us and we do not, therefore, express any opinion on the statutory financial statements.
Kreston Reeves LLP
Chartered Accountants
Montague Place
Quayside
Chatham Maritime
Chatham
Kent
ME4 4QU
7 August 2024
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Sub2 Technologies Limited
Registered number: 07783861
Balance sheet
As at 31 December 2023
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Debtors: amounts falling due within one year
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Creditors: amounts falling due within one year
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Net current (liabilities)/assets
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Total assets less current liabilities
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Creditors: amounts falling due after more than one year
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Provisions for liabilities
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Accruals and deferred income
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Page 2
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Sub2 Technologies Limited
Registered number: 07783861
Balance sheet (continued)
As at 31 December 2023
The directors consider that the company is entitled to exemption from audit under section 477 of the Companies Act 2006 and members have not required the company to obtain an audit for the year in question in accordance with section 476 of the Companies Act 2006.
The directors acknowledge their responsibilities for complying with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 with respect to accounting records and the preparation of financial statements.
The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the provisions applicable to companies subject to the small companies regime and in accordance with the provisions of FRS 102 Section 1A - small entities.
The financial statements have been delivered in accordance with the provisions applicable to companies subject to the small companies regime.
The company has opted not to file the statement of comprehensive income in accordance with provisions applicable to companies subject to the small companies' regime.
The financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the board and were signed on its behalf by:
The notes on pages 4 to 13 form part of these financial statements.
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Sub2 Technologies Limited
Notes to the financial statements
For the year ended 31 December 2023
Sub2 Technologies Limited is a private limited company incorporated in England and Wales. The address of the company's principal place of business is 115 Baker Street, London W1U 6RT. The principal activity of the company is the creation of leading marketing technology, transforming clients for campaigns and managing marketing campaigns.
2.Accounting policies
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Basis of preparation of financial statements
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The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention unless otherwise specified within these accounting policies and in accordance with Section 1A of Financial Reporting Standard 102, the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and the Republic of Ireland and the Companies Act 2006.
The following principal accounting policies have been applied:
The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis. The Directors have reviewed this and consider it to be appropriate at the present time.
Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the company and the revenue can be reliably measured. Revenue is measured as the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, excluding discounts, rebates, value added tax and other sales taxes. The following criteria must also be met before revenue is recognised:
Rendering of services
Revenue from a contract to provide services is recognised in the period in which the services are provided in accordance with the stage of completion of the contract when all of the following conditions are satisfied:
∙the amount of revenue can be measured reliably;
∙it is probable that the company will receive the consideration due under the contract;
∙the stage of completion of the contract at the end of the reporting period can be measured reliably; and
∙the costs incurred and the costs to complete the contract can be measured reliably.
Grants are accounted under the accruals model as permitted by FRS 102. Grants relating to expenditure on tangible fixed assets are credited to profit or loss at the same rate as the depreciation on the assets to which the grant relates. The deferred element of grants is included in creditors as deferred income.
Grants of a revenue nature are recognised in the statement of comprehensive income in the same period as the related expenditure.
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Sub2 Technologies Limited
Notes to the financial statements
For the year ended 31 December 2023
2.Accounting policies (continued)
Intangible assets are initially recognised at cost. After recognition, under the cost model, intangible assets are measured at cost less any accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses.
Development costs are depreciated over 5 years on a straight line basis.
Tangible fixed assets under the cost model are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses. Historical cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management.
Depreciation is charged so as to allocate the cost of assets less their residual value over their estimated useful lives, on a reducing balance basis.
Depreciation is provided on the following basis:
The assets' residual values, useful lives and depreciation methods are reviewed, and adjusted prospectively if appropriate, or if there is an indication of a significant change since the last reporting date.
Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing the proceeds with the carrying amount and are recognised in profit or loss.
Short-term debtors are measured at transaction price, less any impairment. Loans receivable are measured initially at fair value, net of transaction costs, and are measured subsequently at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment.
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Cash and cash equivalents
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Cash is represented by cash in hand and deposits with financial institutions repayable without penalty on notice of not more than 24 hours. Cash equivalents are highly liquid investments that mature in no more than three months from the date of acquisition and that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash with insignificant risk of change in value.
Page 5
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Sub2 Technologies Limited
Notes to the financial statements
For the year ended 31 December 2023
2.Accounting policies (continued)
The company has elected to apply the provisions of Section 11 “Basic Financial Instruments” of FRS 102 to all of its financial instruments.
Short-term creditors are measured at the transaction price. Other financial liabilities, including bank loans, are measured initially at fair value, net of transaction costs, and are measured subsequently at amortised cost using the effective interest method.
Finance costs are charged to profit or loss over the term of the debt using the effective interest method so that the amount charged is at a constant rate on the carrying amount. Issue costs are initially recognised as a reduction in the proceeds of the associated capital instrument.
Equity dividends are recognised when they become legally payable. Interim equity dividends are recognised when paid. Final equity dividends are recognised when approved by the shareholders at an annual general meeting.
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Foreign currency translation
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Functional and presentation currency
The company's functional and presentational currency is GBP.
Transactions and balances
Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the spot exchange rates at the dates of the transactions.
At each period end foreign currency monetary items are translated using the closing rate. Non-monetary items measured at historical cost are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction and non-monetary items measured at fair value are measured using the exchange rate when fair value was determined.
In the research phase of an internal project it is not possible to demonstrate that the project will generate future economic benefits and hence all expenditure on research shall be recognised as an expense when it is incurred. Intangible assets are recognised from the development phase of a project if and only if certain specific criteria are met in order to demonstrate the asset will generate probable future economic benefits and that its cost can be reliably measured. The capitalised development costs are subsequently amortised on a straight line basis over their useful economic lives of 5 years.
If it is not possible to distinguish between the research phase and the development phase of an internal project, the expenditure is treated as if it were all incurred in the research phase only.
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Operating leases: the Company as lessee
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Rentals paid under operating leases are charged to profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Page 6
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Sub2 Technologies Limited
Notes to the financial statements
For the year ended 31 December 2023
2.Accounting policies (continued)
Defined contribution pension plan
The company operates a defined contribution plan for its employees. A defined contribution plan is a pension plan under which the company pays fixed contributions into a separate entity. Once the contributions have been paid the company has no further payment obligations.
The contributions are recognised as an expense in profit or loss when they fall due. Amounts not paid are shown in accruals as a liability in the balance sheet. The assets of the plan are held separately from the company in independently administered funds.
Interest income is recognised in profit or loss using the effective interest method.
All borrowing costs are recognised in profit or loss in the year in which they are incurred.
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Provisions for liabilities
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Provisions are made where an event has taken place that gives the company a legal or constructive obligation that probably requires settlement by a transfer of economic benefit, and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.
Provisions are charged as an expense to profit or loss in the year that the company becomes aware of the obligation, and are measured at the best estimate at the balance sheet date of the expenditure required to settle the obligation, taking into account relevant risks and uncertainties.
When payments are eventually made, they are charged to the provision carried in the balance sheet.
Exceptional items are transactions that fall within the ordinary activities of the company but are presented separately due to their size or incidence.
Page 7
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Sub2 Technologies Limited
Notes to the financial statements
For the year ended 31 December 2023
2.Accounting policies (continued)
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Current and deferred taxation
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The tax expense for the year comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in profit or loss except that a charge attributable to an item of income and expense recognised as other comprehensive income or to an item recognised directly in equity is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively.
The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date in the countries where the company operates and generates income.
Deferred tax balances are recognised in respect of all timing differences that have originated but not reversed by the balance sheet date, except that:
∙The recognition of deferred tax assets is limited to the extent that it is probable that they will be recovered against the reversal of deferred tax liabilities or other future taxable profits; and
∙Any deferred tax balances are reversed if and when all conditions for retaining associated tax allowances have been met.
Deferred tax balances are not recognised in respect of permanent differences except in respect of business combinations, when deferred tax is recognised on the differences between the fair values of assets acquired and the future tax deductions available for them and the differences between the fair values of liabilities acquired and the amount that will be assessed for tax. Deferred tax is determined using tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date.
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The average monthly number of employees, including directors, during the year was 23 (2022 - 24).
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Page 8
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Sub2 Technologies Limited
Notes to the financial statements
For the year ended 31 December 2023
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Charge for the year on owned assets
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Page 9
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Sub2 Technologies Limited
Notes to the financial statements
For the year ended 31 December 2023
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Charge for the year on owned assets
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Page 10
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Sub2 Technologies Limited
Notes to the financial statements
For the year ended 31 December 2023
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Prepayments and accrued income
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Cash and cash equivalents
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Creditors: Amounts falling due within one year
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Other taxation and social security
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Creditors: Amounts falling due after more than one year
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Page 11
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Sub2 Technologies Limited
Notes to the financial statements
For the year ended 31 December 2023
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Analysis of the maturity of loans is given below:
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Amounts falling due within one year
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Amounts falling due 1-2 years
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Amounts falling due 2-5 years
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Amounts falling due after more than 5 years
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Charged to profit or loss
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The provision for deferred taxation is made up as follows:
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Accelerated capital allowances
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Accruals and deferred income
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Accruals and deferred income
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Page 12
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Sub2 Technologies Limited
Notes to the financial statements
For the year ended 31 December 2023
The company operates a defined contribution pension scheme. The assets of the scheme are held separately from those of the company in an independently administered fund. The pension cost charge represents contributions payable by the company to the fund and amounted to £29,601 (2022 - £25,041). Contributions totalling £5,602 (2022 - £5,135) were payable to the fund at the balance sheet date and are included in creditors.
The company has no single controlling party.
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