Registered number:
AUDITED
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
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QUADRUM REAL ESTATE LLP
INFORMATION
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QUADRUM REAL ESTATE LLP
CONTENTS
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QUADRUM REAL ESTATE LLP
MEMBERS' REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
The members present their annual report together with the audited financial statements of Quadrum Real Estate LLP (the "LLP") for the year ended 31 December 2023.
Principal activities
The principal object of the LLP is to provide real estate advisory and management services.
Designated Members
Oleg Pavlov, Quadrum Capital UK Limited and TREA Consultants Limited were designated members of the LLP throughout the period.
Members' capital and interests
Members are remunerated from the profits of the LLP and are required to make their own provision for pensions and other benefits. Profits are allocated and divided between members after finalisation of the financial statements. Members draw a proportion of their profit shares monthly during the year in which it is made, with the balance of profits being distributed after the year, subject to the cash requirements of the business.
Members' responsibilities statement
The members are responsible for preparing the annual report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.
Company law, (as applied by The Limited Liability Partnerships (Accounts and Audit) (Application of Companies Act 2006) Regulations 2008), requires the members to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the members have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (United Kingdom Accounting Standards and applicable law). Under company law, (as applied by The Limited Liability Partnerships (Accounts and Audit) (Application of Companies Act 2006) Regulations 2008) the members must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the LLP and of the profit or loss of the LLP for that period.
In preparing these financial statements, the members are required to:
∙select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;
∙make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent;
∙state whether applicable UK Accounting Standards have been followed, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements;
∙prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the LLP will continue in business.
The members are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the LLP's transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the LLP and to enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006 (as applied by The Limited Liability Partnerships (Accounts and Audit) (Application of the Companies Act 2006) Regulations 2008). They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the LLP and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.
Disclosure of information to auditors
Each of the persons who are members at the time when this Members' Report is approved has confirmed that:
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QUADRUM REAL ESTATE LLP
MEMBERS' REPORT (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
∙so far as that member is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the LLP's auditors are unaware, and
∙that member has taken all the steps that ought to have been taken as a member in order to be aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the LLP's auditors are aware of that information.
This report was approved by the members and signed on their behalf by:
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QUADRUM REAL ESTATE LLP
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF QUADRUM REAL ESTATE LLP
We have audited the financial statements of Quadrum Real Estate LLP (the 'LLP') for the year ended 31 December 2023, which comprise the Statement of Comprehensive Income, the Balance Sheet, the Statement of Cash Flows, the Statement of Changes in Equity and the related notes, including a summary of significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including Financial Reporting Standard 102 ‘The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland' (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditors' responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the LLP in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the United Kingdom, including the Financial Reporting Council's Ethical Standard, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.
In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the members' use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate.
Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the LLP's ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue.
Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the members with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report.
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QUADRUM REAL ESTATE LLP
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF QUADRUM REAL ESTATE LLP (CONTINUED)
The other information comprises the information included in the Annual Report other than the financial statements and our Auditors' Report thereon. The members are responsible for the other information contained within the Annual Report. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact.
We have nothing to report in this regard.
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QUADRUM REAL ESTATE LLP
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF QUADRUM REAL ESTATE LLP (CONTINUED)
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an Auditors' Report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.
Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud. The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below:
We considered the nature of the Company's industry and its control environment and reviewed the Company's documentation of their policies and procedures relating to fraud and compliance with laws and regulations. We are enquired of management about their own identification and assessment of the risks of irregularities. We obtained an understanding of the legal and regulatory framework that the Company operates in and identified the key laws and regulations that: - Had a direct effect on the determination of the material amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. These included UK Companies Act, pensions legislation, tax legislation, financial conduct authority regulations, and - Do not have a direct effect on the financial statements, but compliance with which may be fundamental to the Company's ability to operate or to avoid a material penalty. We discussed among the audit engagement team regarding the opportunities and incentives that may exist within the organisation for fraud, and how and where fraud might occur in the financial statements. In common with all audits under the ISAs (UK), we are also required to perform specific procedures to respond to the risk of management override. In addressing the risk of fraud through management override of controls, we tested the appropriateness of journal entries and other adjustments: assessed whether the judgements made in making accounting estimates are indicative of a potential bias: and evaluated the business rationale of any significant transactions that are unusual or outside the normal course of business. In addition to the above, our procedures to respond to the risks identified included the following: - Reviewing financial statement disclosures by testing to supporting documentation to assess compliance with provisions of relevant laws and regulations described as having direct effect on the financial statements, - Performing analytical procedures to identify any unusual or unexpected relationships that may indicate risks of material misstatement due to fraud, - Enquiring of management, concerning actual and potential litigation and claims, and instances of non- compliance with laws and regulations, and - Reading minutes of meetings of those charged with governance. As part of an audit in accordance with ISAs (UK), we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional scepticism throughout the audit. We also: - Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery,
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QUADRUM REAL ESTATE LLP
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF QUADRUM REAL ESTATE LLP (CONTINUED)
intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.
- Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion of the effectiveness of the Company's internal control. Evaluate the Appropriateness of accounting policies used, and whether accounting estimates and related disclosures made by the directors are reasonable. - Conclude on the appropriateness of the directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our Auditors' report to the related disclosures in the financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our Auditors' report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Company to cease to continue as a going concern. - Evaluate the overall presentation, structure, and content of the financial statements, including the disclosures, and whether the financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation. We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit.
A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial Reporting Council's website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our Auditors' Report.
This report is made solely to the LLP's members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006, as applied by Part 12 of The Limited Liability Partnerships (Accounts and Audit) (Applications of Companies Act 2006) Regulations 2008. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the LLP's members those matters we are required to state to them in an Auditors' Report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the LLP and the LLP's members, as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.
for and on behalf of
Registered Auditors
Grove House
2 Woodberry Grove
N12 0DR
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QUADRUM REAL ESTATE LLP
STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
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QUADRUM REAL ESTATE LLP
REGISTERED NUMBER: OC389653
BALANCE SHEET
AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2023
The financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the members and were signed on their
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QUADRUM REAL ESTATE LLP
REGISTERED NUMBER: OC389653
BALANCE SHEET (CONTINUED)
AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2023
behalf by:
The notes on pages 14 to 24 form part of these financial statements.
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QUADRUM REAL ESTATE LLP
STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
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QUADRUM REAL ESTATE LLP
STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022
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QUADRUM REAL ESTATE LLP
STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
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QUADRUM REAL ESTATE LLP
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QUADRUM REAL ESTATE LLP
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
Quadrum Real Estate LLP is a limited liability partnership registered in England and Wales. The LLP's registered number and registered office address can be found on the cover page.
2.Accounting policies
The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention unless otherwise specified within these accounting policies and in accordance with FRS 102 'The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and the Republic of Ireland' and the requirements of the Companies Act 2006. The disclosure requirements of Section 1A of FRS 102 have been applied other than where additional disclosure is required to show a true and fair view.
The preparation of financial statements in compliance with FRS 102 requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires management to exercise judgement in applying the LLP's accounting policies.
The following principal accounting policies have been applied:
The members have a reasonable expectation that the LLP has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. The LLP therefore continues to adopt the going concern basis in preparing its consolidated financial statements.
Functional and presentation currency
Transactions and balances
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QUADRUM REAL ESTATE LLP
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
2.Accounting policies (continued)
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QUADRUM REAL ESTATE LLP
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
2.Accounting policies (continued)
A division of profits is the mechanism by which the profits of an LLP become a debt due to members. A division may be automatic or discretionary, may relate to some or all of the profits for a financial period and may take place during or after the end of a financial period.
An automatic division of profits is one where the LLP does not have an unconditional right to avoid making a division of an amount of profits based on the members' agreement in force at the time, whereas a discretionary division of profits requires a decision to be made by the LLP, which it has the unconditional right to avoid making.
The LLP divides profits discretionarily. Discretionary divisions of profits are recognised as amounts due to members, although may be used to offset amounts which have been drawn by members, which are recognised as loan assets repayable.
The LLP classifies distributions of profits as financing cash flows in the Statement of Cash Flows.
Depreciation is charged so as to allocate the cost of assets less their residual value over their estimated useful lives, using the straight-line method.
The estimated useful lives range as follows:
The assets' residual values, useful lives and depreciation methods are reviewed, and adjusted prospectively if appropriate, or if there is an indication of a significant change since the last reporting date.
Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing the proceeds with the carrying amount and are recognised in profit or loss.
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QUADRUM REAL ESTATE LLP
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
2.Accounting policies (continued)
The LLP has elected to apply the provisions of Section 11 “Basic Financial Instruments” of FRS 102 to all of its financial instruments.
The LLP has elected to apply the recognition and measurement provisions of IFRS 9 Financial Instruments (as adopted by the UK Endorsement Board) with the disclosure requirements of Sections 11 and 12 and the other presentation requirements of FRS 102.
Financial instruments are recognised in the LLP's Balance Sheet when the LLP becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.
Financial assets and liabilities are offset, with the net amounts presented in the financial statements, when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
Basic financial assets
Basic financial assets, which include trade and other receivables, cash and bank balances, are initially measured at their transaction price including transaction costs and are subsequently carried at their amortised cost using the effective interest method, less any provision for impairment, unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the transaction is measured at the present value of the future receipts discounted at a market rate of interest.
Discounting is omitted where the effect of discounting is immaterial. The LLP's cash and cash equivalents, trade and most other receivables due with the operating cycle fall into this category of financial instruments.
Other financial assets
Other financial assets, which includes investments in equity instruments which are not classified as subsidiaries, associates or joint ventures, are initially measured at fair value, which is normally the recognised transaction price. Such assets are subsequently measured at fair value with the changes in fair value being recognised in the profit or loss. Where other financial assets are not publicly traded, hence their fair value cannot be measured reliably, they are measured at cost less impairment.
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QUADRUM REAL ESTATE LLP
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
2.Accounting policies (continued)
Impairment of financial assets
Financial assets are assessed for indicators of impairment at each reporting date.
Financial assets are impaired when events, subsequent to their initial recognition, indicate the estimated future cash flows derived from the financial asset(s) have been adversely impacted. The impairment loss will be the difference between the current carrying amount and the present value of the future cash flows at the asset(s) original effective interest rate.
If there is a favourable change in relation to the events surrounding the impairment loss then the impairment can be reviewed for possible reversal. The reversal will not cause the current carrying amount to exceed the original carrying amount had the impairment not been recognised. The impairment reversal is recognised in the profit or loss.
Financial liabilities
Financial liabilities and equity instruments are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into. An equity instruments any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the LLP after the deduction of all its liabilities.
Basic financial liabilities, which include trade and other payables, bank loans and other loans are initially measured at their transaction price after transaction costs. When this constitutes a financing transaction, whereby the debt instrument is measured at the present value of the future receipts discounted at a market rate of interest. Discounting is omitted where the effect of discounting is immaterial.
Debt instruments are subsequently carried at their amortised cost using the effective interest rate method.
Trade payables are obligations to pay for goods and services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business from suppliers. Trade payables are classified as current liabilities if the payment is due within one year. If not, they represent non-current liabilities. Trade payables are initially recognised at their transaction price and subsequently are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Discounting is omitted where the effect of discounting is immaterial.
Other financial instruments
Derivatives, including forward exchange contracts, futures contracts and interest rate swaps, are not classified as basic financial instruments. These are initially recognised at fair value on the date the derivative contract is entered into, with costs being charged to the profit or loss. They are subsequently measured at fair value with changes in the profit or loss.
Debt instruments that do not meet the conditions as set out in FRS 102 paragraph 11.9 are subsequently measured at fair value through the profit or loss. This recognition and measurement would also apply to financial instruments where the performance is evaluated on a fair value basis as with a documented risk management or investment strategy.
Derecognition of financial assets
Financial assets are derecognised when their contractual right to future cash flow expire, or are settled, or when the LLP transfers the asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership
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QUADRUM REAL ESTATE LLP
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
2.Accounting policies (continued)
to another party. If significant risks and rewards of ownership are retained after the transfer to another party, then the LLP will continue to recognise the value of the portion of the risks and rewards retained.
Derecognition of financial liabilities
Financial liabilities are derecognised when the LLP's contractual obligations expire or are discharged or cancelled.
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QUADRUM REAL ESTATE LLP
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
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QUADRUM REAL ESTATE LLP
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
7.Debtors (continued)
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QUADRUM REAL ESTATE LLP
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
Loans and other debts due to members may be further analysed as follows:
Loans and other debts due to members rank equally with debts due to ordinary creditors in the event of a winding up.
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QUADRUM REAL ESTATE LLP
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
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QUADRUM REAL ESTATE LLP
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
The LLP had no contingent liabilities as at 31 December 2023 and 31 December 2022.
There was nothing owed at the balance sheet date (2022 - £nil).
The controlling party is O. Pavlov and the ultimate controlling company is Abacus (Nominees) Limited as trustees of Maximus Holdings Trust (Cyprus), the sole beneficiary of which is Oleg Pavlov.
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