The company has chosen to adopt the Sections 11 and 12 of FRS 102 in respect of financial instruments.
Financial assets
Basic financial assets, including trade and other receivables, cash and bank balances and investments, are initially recognised at transaction price, unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the transaction is measured at the present value of the future receipts discounted at a market rate of interest. Such assets are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest method.
Trade investments
Trade investments are equity investments over which the Company has no significant influence, joint control or control and are initially measured at transaction price. Transaction price includes transaction costs, except where trade investments are measured at fair value through profit or loss when transaction costs are expensed to profit or loss as incurred.
Trade investments in non-convertible and non-puttable preference shares or non-puttable ordinary shares are measured at fair value through profit or loss.
The fair value of trade investments quoted on a recognised stock exchange is the quoted bid price. The fair value of unlisted investments is measured using valuation techniques which include turnover multiple, earnings multiple, net assets or discounted cash flows, as appropriate, based on the nature and circumstances of the investment.
Investments
Investments are initially measured at cost and subsequently measured at fair value whilst a reliable measure of fair value is available without undue cost or effort. Changes in fair value are recognised in profit or loss.
Financial liabilities
Basic financial liabilities, including trade and other payables, bank loans, are initially recognised at transaction price, unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the debt instrument is measured at the present value of the future receipts discounted at a market rate of interest. Debt instruments are subsequently carried at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method.