IRIS Accounts Production v24.2.0.383 08756791 Board of Directors Board of Directors 1.1.23 31.12.23 31.12.23 the provision of training services. 0 0 true false true true false false true false Ordinary 1.00000 iso4217:GBPiso4217:USDiso4217:EURxbrli:sharesxbrli:pureutr:tonnesutr:kWh087567912022-12-31087567912023-12-31087567912023-01-012023-12-31087567912021-12-31087567912022-01-012022-12-31087567912022-12-3108756791ns15:EnglandWales2023-01-012023-12-3108756791ns14:PoundSterling2023-01-012023-12-3108756791ns10:Director12023-01-012023-12-3108756791ns10:Director22023-01-012023-12-3108756791ns10:PrivateLimitedCompanyLtd2023-01-012023-12-3108756791ns10:FRS1022023-01-012023-12-3108756791ns10:Audited2023-01-012023-12-3108756791ns10:LargeMedium-sizedCompaniesRegimeForDirectorsReport2023-01-012023-12-3108756791ns10:LargeMedium-sizedCompaniesRegimeForAccounts2023-01-012023-12-3108756791ns10:FullAccounts2023-01-012023-12-3108756791ns10:OrdinaryShareClass12023-01-012023-12-3108756791ns10:Director32023-01-012023-12-3108756791ns10:Director42023-01-012023-12-3108756791ns10:Director52023-01-012023-12-3108756791ns10:CompanySecretary12023-01-012023-12-3108756791ns10:RegisteredOffice2023-01-012023-12-3108756791ns5:CurrentFinancialInstruments2023-12-3108756791ns5:CurrentFinancialInstruments2022-12-3108756791ns5:Non-currentFinancialInstruments2023-12-3108756791ns5:Non-currentFinancialInstruments2022-12-3108756791ns5:ShareCapital2023-12-3108756791ns5:ShareCapital2022-12-3108756791ns5:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedLosses2023-12-3108756791ns5:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedLosses2022-12-3108756791ns5:ShareCapital2021-12-3108756791ns5:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedLosses2021-12-3108756791ns5:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedLosses2022-01-012022-12-3108756791ns5:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedLosses2023-01-012023-12-310875679132023-01-012023-12-310875679132022-01-012022-12-3108756791112023-01-012023-12-3108756791112022-01-012022-12-3108756791122023-01-012023-12-3108756791122022-01-012022-12-3108756791132023-01-012023-12-3108756791132022-01-012022-12-3108756791142023-01-012023-12-3108756791142022-01-012022-12-310875679112023-01-012023-12-310875679112022-01-012022-12-3108756791ns5:Non-currentFinancialInstruments2023-01-012023-12-3108756791ns10:OrdinaryShareClass12023-12-3108756791ns5:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedLosses2022-12-3108756791ns5:EntitiesWithJointControlOrSignificantInfluenceOverReportingEntity2023-01-012023-12-3108756791ns5:EntitiesWithJointControlOrSignificantInfluenceOverReportingEntity2022-01-012022-12-3108756791ns5:EntitiesWithJointControlOrSignificantInfluenceOverReportingEntity2023-12-3108756791ns5:EntitiesWithJointControlOrSignificantInfluenceOverReportingEntity2022-12-31
REGISTERED NUMBER: 08756791 (England and Wales)













Strategic Report, Report of the Directors and

Financial Statements

for the Year Ended 31 December 2023

for

KSG Training Services Limited

KSG Training Services Limited (Registered number: 08756791)






Contents of the Financial Statements
for the Year Ended 31 December 2023




Page

Company Information 1

Strategic Report 2

Report of the Directors 3

Statement of Directors' Responsibilities 4

Report of the Independent Auditors 5

Statement of Comprehensive Income 8

Balance Sheet 9

Statement of Changes in Equity 10

Cash Flow Statement 11

Notes to the Cash Flow Statement 12

Notes to the Financial Statements 13


KSG Training Services Limited

Company Information
for the Year Ended 31 December 2023







DIRECTORS: A K Sparkes
R Stark
Mrs P C Derrick
K D Stark
D Swann



SECRETARY: R Stark



REGISTERED OFFICE: Bromley
Stanton Drew
Bristol
Somerset
BS39 4DE



REGISTERED NUMBER: 08756791 (England and Wales)



SENIOR STATUTORY AUDITOR: Michael Cook BSc FCA



AUDITORS: A C Mole LLP
Chartered Accountants
& Statutory Auditor
Stafford House
Blackbrook Park Avenue
Taunton
Somerset
TA1 2PX

KSG Training Services Limited (Registered number: 08756791)

Strategic Report
for the Year Ended 31 December 2023

The directors present their strategic report for the year ended 31 December 2023.

REVIEW OF BUSINESS
The results for the year and financial position of the company are shown in the annexed financial statements.

The company undertakes comprehensive business planning to define long term strategic objectives and goals. Annual budgets and operational plans are prepared utilising financial Key Performance Indicators ("KPI's"). Business performance, measured by KPI's (including monitoring of actual results against budget targets) and bank balances, is reported to the directors on a monthly basis.

The turnover for the company for the year was £368,179 (2022 - £305,458) and the gross profit margin achieved was 64.8% (2022 - 54.5%).

As expected, this year has seen a significant improvement in the performance and profitability of the company. With the additional employed trainer, the company has been able to increase turnover and gross profit margin as no longer as reliant on sub contract trainers.

The Directors anticipate that the company will trade profitably for the forthcoming year.

PRINCIPAL RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES
As with any business, KSG Training Services Limited faces a number of risks and uncertainties in the course of its day to day operations. By effectively identifying and managing these risks their effects can be mitigated.

The principal risk to the company is a deterioration in demand from the UK Construction Industry. Any deterioration in economic conditions may significantly decrease demand which could have a material effect on revenues, margins, profits and debt levels.

The Directors also constantly monitor the state of receivables, as this remains a key factor in protecting the company's cash flow in the short and medium term.

FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
The directors will continue to monitor costs closely in order to maintain profitability, whilst not compromising on quality and service. The directors will also continue to diversify into new markets when appropriate.

ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD:





R Stark - Director


2 September 2024

KSG Training Services Limited (Registered number: 08756791)

Report of the Directors
for the Year Ended 31 December 2023

The directors present their report with the financial statements of the company for the year ended 31 December 2023.

DIVIDENDS
No dividends will be distributed for the year ended 31 December 2023.

DIRECTORS
The directors shown below have held office during the whole of the period from 1 January 2023 to the date of this report.

A K Sparkes
R Stark
Mrs P C Derrick
K D Stark
D Swann

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES
The directors are responsible for monitoring financial risk. Appropriate policies have been developed and implemented to identify, evaluate and manage the key risks.

a) Price risk - The company is exposed to price risk as a result of its operations. Due to the economic climate the company has to quote competitive prices to win work. The directors are aware of the risks in selling and providing services at low margins and as the trading environment improves the directors will consider improving margins.

b) Credit risk - The company has implemented policies that require appropriate credit checks on customers before contracts are entered into. The credit given to customers is subject to limits which are determined and reassessed by the directors.

c) Liquidity risk - The company is reliant upon the continued support of its bankers and lenders. Budgets and cash flow projections are prepared and regularly monitored to ensure that the company operates within these facilities.

d) Interest rate cash flow risk - The overdraft facility has been arranged at a competitive rate of interest.

e) Economic risk - The company's performance is directly impacted by the economic environment. In order to manage this risk the company strives to deliver competitively priced services. The company is actively concentrating on improving efficiency and reducing costs.

STATEMENT AS TO DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION TO AUDITORS
So far as the directors are aware, there is no relevant audit information (as defined by Section 418 of the Companies Act 2006) of which the company's auditors are unaware, and each director has taken all the steps that he or she ought to have taken as a director in order to make himself or herself aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the company's auditors are aware of that information.

AUDITORS
The auditors, A C Mole LLP, will be proposed for re-appointment at the forthcoming Annual General Meeting.

ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD:





R Stark - Director


2 September 2024

KSG Training Services Limited (Registered number: 08756791)

Statement of Directors' Responsibilities
for the Year Ended 31 December 2023

The directors are responsible for preparing the Strategic report, the directors' report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.

Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the directors have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (United Kingdom Accounting Standards) and applicable law, including Financial Reporting Standard 102 Reduced Disclosure Framework (FRS 102).

Under company law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the company and of the profit or loss of the company for that period. In preparing these financial statements, the directors are required to:

-select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;
-make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent;
-state whether applicable United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including FRS 102, have been followed,
subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements;
-notify the company's shareholders in writing about the use of disclosure exemptions, if any, of FRS 102 used in
the preparation of financial statements; and
-prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the
company will continue in business.

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the company's transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the company and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

Report of the Independent Auditors to the Members of
KSG Training Services Limited

Opinion
We have audited the financial statements of KSG Training Services Limited (the 'company') for the year ended 31 December 2023 which comprise the Statement of Comprehensive Income, Balance Sheet, Statement of Changes in Equity, Cash Flow Statement and Notes to the Cash Flow Statement, Notes to the Financial Statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including Financial Reporting Standard 102 'The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland' (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).

In our opinion the financial statements:
-give a true and fair view of the state of the company's affairs as at 31 December 2023 and of its profit for the year then ended;
-have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and
-have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.

Basis for opinion
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditors' responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC's Ethical Standard, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

Conclusions relating to going concern
In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate.

Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the company's ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue.

Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report.

Other information
The directors are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information in the Strategic Report, the Report of the Directors and the Statement of Directors' Responsibilities, but does not include the financial statements and our Report of the Auditors thereon.

Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.

In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard.

Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006
In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit:
- the information given in the Strategic Report and the Report of the Directors for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and
- the Strategic Report and the Report of the Directors have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.

Matters on which we are required to report by exception
In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the Strategic Report or the Report of the Directors.

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters where the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:
- adequate accounting records have not been kept, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or
- the financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or
- certain disclosures of directors' remuneration specified by law are not made; or
- we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.

Report of the Independent Auditors to the Members of
KSG Training Services Limited


Responsibilities of directors
As explained more fully in the Statement of Directors' Responsibilities set out on page four, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.

Auditors' responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue a Report of the Auditors that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.

The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below:

Identifying and assessing potential risks of material misstatement due to irregularities.

We considered the following when identifying and assessing risks of material misstatement due to irregularities,
including fraud and non-compliance with laws and regulations;

- the legal and regulatory framework within which the business operates
- the nature of the industry in which the business operates
- the control environment and internal controls established to mitigate such risks
- the results of our enquiries of management about their own identification and assessment of risks of irregularities
- discussions within the audit engagement team and with the group auditors about where fraud might occur.

Laws and regulations which are considered to be significant to the entity include those relating to the construction
industry, the requirements of the financial reporting framework FRS 102, the Companies Act 2006 and UK tax
legislation. In addition we considered other laws and regulations which may not directly impact the financial statements but may impact on the operations of the company, such as the changes arising following Brexit.

As a result of these procedures we concluded that the greatest potential for material misstatements due to fraud arose in respect of sales being overstated. In common with all audits under International Auditing Standards we also
concluded that a risk in relation to the potential for management override of controls existed.

Audit responses to the risks identified

We undertook audit procedures to respond to the risks identified, and designed our audit testing to respond to these
risks. The additional procedures we undertook included the following:

- Gaining an understanding of the company's procedures for ensuring compliance with laws and regulations.
- Controls testing over sales
- Testing the appropriateness of journal entries and other adjustments
- Considering whether accounting estimates were indicative of potential bias
- Considering any transactions which arose outside the normal course of business
- Making enquiries of management
- Corroborating our enquiries through the review of Board Minutes and review of correspondence.

We also communicated relevant identified laws and regulations and potential fraud risks to all engagement team
members. We remained alert to any indications of fraud or non-compliance with laws and regulations throughout the
audit.

A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial Reporting Council's website at www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our Report of the Auditors.

Report of the Independent Auditors to the Members of
KSG Training Services Limited


Use of our report
This report is made solely to the company's members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company's members those matters we are required to state to them in a Report of the Auditors and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the company's members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.




Michael Cook BSc FCA (Senior Statutory Auditor)
For and on behalf of A C Mole LLP
Chartered Accountants
& Statutory Auditor
Stafford House
Blackbrook Park Avenue
Taunton
Somerset
TA1 2PX

4 September 2024

KSG Training Services Limited (Registered number: 08756791)

Statement of Comprehensive Income
for the Year Ended 31 December 2023

2023 2022
Notes £    £   

TURNOVER 368,179 305,458

Cost of sales 129,552 139,024
GROSS PROFIT 238,627 166,434

Administrative expenses 216,000 171,751
OPERATING PROFIT/(LOSS) 5 22,627 (5,317 )

Interest receivable and similar income 25,025 11,755
47,652 6,438

Interest payable and similar expenses 6 25,000 11,764
PROFIT/(LOSS) BEFORE TAXATION 22,652 (5,326 )

Tax on profit/(loss) 7 - -
PROFIT/(LOSS) FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR 22,652 (5,326 )

OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME - -
TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME/(LOSS)
FOR THE YEAR

22,652

(5,326

)

KSG Training Services Limited (Registered number: 08756791)

Balance Sheet
31 December 2023

2023 2022
Notes £    £   
CURRENT ASSETS
Debtors: amounts falling due within one year 8 38,657 46,316
Debtors: amounts falling due after more than
one year

8

433,441

289,622
Cash at bank 8,646 79,181
480,744 415,119
CREDITORS
Amounts falling due within one year 9 37,830 29,747
NET CURRENT ASSETS 442,914 385,372
TOTAL ASSETS LESS CURRENT
LIABILITIES

442,914

385,372

CREDITORS
Amounts falling due after more than one
year

10

369,251

334,361
NET ASSETS 73,663 51,011

CAPITAL AND RESERVES
Called up share capital 13 100 100
Retained earnings 14 73,563 50,911
SHAREHOLDERS' FUNDS 73,663 51,011

The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors and authorised for issue on 2 September 2024 and were signed on its behalf by:




A K Sparkes - Director



R Stark - Director


KSG Training Services Limited (Registered number: 08756791)

Statement of Changes in Equity
for the Year Ended 31 December 2023

Called up
share Retained Total
capital earnings equity
£    £    £   
Balance at 1 January 2022 100 56,237 56,337

Changes in equity
Total comprehensive loss - (5,326 ) (5,326 )
Balance at 31 December 2022 100 50,911 51,011

Changes in equity
Total comprehensive income - 22,652 22,652
Balance at 31 December 2023 100 73,563 73,663

KSG Training Services Limited (Registered number: 08756791)

Cash Flow Statement
for the Year Ended 31 December 2023

2023 2022
Notes £    £   
Cash flows from operating activities
Cash generated from operations 1 38,369 (62,612 )
Net cash from operating activities 38,369 (62,612 )

Cash flows from investing activities
Interest received 25,025 11,755
Net cash from investing activities 25,025 11,755

Cash flows from financing activities
(Increase)/Decrease in intergroup debtor (143,819 ) 50,177
Increase in intergroup creditors 34,890 67,426
Interest paid (25,000 ) (11,764 )
Net cash from financing activities (133,929 ) 105,839

(Decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents (70,535 ) 54,982
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning
of year

2

79,181

24,199

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year 2 8,646 79,181

KSG Training Services Limited (Registered number: 08756791)

Notes to the Cash Flow Statement
for the Year Ended 31 December 2023

1. RECONCILIATION OF PROFIT/(LOSS) BEFORE TAXATION TO CASH GENERATED FROM OPERATIONS
2023 2022
£    £   
Profit/(loss) before taxation 22,652 (5,326 )
Finance costs 25,000 11,764
Finance income (25,025 ) (11,755 )
22,627 (5,317 )
Decrease in trade and other debtors 7,659 16,501
Increase/(decrease) in trade and other creditors 8,083 (73,796 )
Cash generated from operations 38,369 (62,612 )

2. CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

The amounts disclosed on the Cash Flow Statement in respect of cash and cash equivalents are in respect of these Balance Sheet amounts:

Year ended 31 December 2023
31.12.23 1.1.23
£    £   
Cash and cash equivalents 8,646 79,181
Year ended 31 December 2022
31.12.22 1.1.22
£    £   
Cash and cash equivalents 79,181 24,199


3. ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN NET FUNDS

At 1.1.23 Cash flow At 31.12.23
£    £    £   
Net cash
Cash at bank 79,181 (70,535 ) 8,646
79,181 (70,535 ) 8,646
Total 79,181 (70,535 ) 8,646

KSG Training Services Limited (Registered number: 08756791)

Notes to the Financial Statements
for the Year Ended 31 December 2023

1. STATUTORY INFORMATION

KSG Training Services Limited is a private company, limited by shares , registered in England and Wales. The company's registered number and registered office address can be found on the Company Information page.

The presentation currency of the financial statements is the Pound Sterling (£).


The company is engaged in the provision of training to operate construction and civil engineering machinery and equipment.

2. STATEMENT OF COMPLIANCE

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with UK accounting standards, including Financial Reporting Standard 102 "The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland" ("FRS 102") and the Companies Act 2006.

3. ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of preparation
These financial statements are prepared on a going concern basis, under the historical cost convention, as modified by certain financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value through profit or loss.

Related party exemption
The company has taken advantage of the exemption, under the terms of Financial Reporting Standard 102 'The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland', not to disclose related party transactions with wholly owned subsidiaries within the group.

Turnover
Turnover is measured at the fair value of consideration received or receivable, net of discounts and value added tax.

The company provides training services to companies and individuals. Revenue is recognised in the accounting period in which the training services have been provided.

Taxation
The taxation expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax recognised in the reporting period. Tax is recognised in the income statement, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case tax is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly into equity respectively.

i) Current tax
Current tax is the amount of income tax payable in respect of the taxable profit for the year or prior years. Tax is calculated on the basis of tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date.

ii) Deferred tax
Deferred tax arises from timing differences that are differences between taxable profits and total comprehensive income as stated in the financial statements. These timing differences arise from the inclusion of income and expenses in tax assessments in periods different from those in which they are recognised in the financial statements.

Deferred tax is recognised on all timing differences at the balance sheet date, except for certain exceptions. Unrelieved tax losses and other deferred tax assets are only recognised when it is probable that they will be recovered against the reversal of deferred tax liabilities or other future taxable profits.

Deferred tax is measured using tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the period end and that are expected to apply to the reversal of the timing difference.

Pension costs and other post-retirement benefits
The company operates a defined contribution pension scheme. Contributions payable to the company's pension scheme are charged to profit or loss in the period to which they relate.

KSG Training Services Limited (Registered number: 08756791)

Notes to the Financial Statements - continued
for the Year Ended 31 December 2023

3. ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

Financial instruments
i) Financial assets
Basic financial assets, including trade and other receivables and cash and bank balances are initially recognised at transaction price and subsequently measured at amortised cost.

At the balance sheet date financial assets are assessed for evidence of impairment. If an asset is impaired the impairment loss is recognised in the income statement.

ii) Financial liabilities
Basic financial liabilities, including trade and other payables, are initially recognised at transaction price and subsequently measured at amortised cost.

Critical accounting policies and estimation uncertainty
The preparation of the financial statements requires management to make judgements, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of policies and reported amounts of assets and liabilities, income and expenses.

Estimates and judgements are continually evaluated and are based on historical experience and other factors, including expectations of future events that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.

The company makes estimates and assumptions concerning the future. The resulting accounting estimates will, by definition, seldom equal the related actual results. The directors are of the opinion that there are no estimates or assumptions that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year.

4. EMPLOYEES AND DIRECTORS

Employee costs during year:20232022
£   £   

Wages and salaries160,427124,107
Social security16,49413,910
Pension3,4772,193
180,398140,210

Average number of persons employedNo.No.

Administration54

Key management compensation
Key management includes the directors and members of senior management. The compensation paid to key management for their services totalled £47,893 (2022 - £41,544).

The number of directors whom retirement benefits were accruing as follows:

Money purchase schemes11

2023 2022
£    £   
Directors' remuneration 42,251 36,846
Directors' pension contributions to money purchase schemes 1,067 671

KSG Training Services Limited (Registered number: 08756791)

Notes to the Financial Statements - continued
for the Year Ended 31 December 2023

5. OPERATING PROFIT/(LOSS)

The operating profit (2022 - operating loss) is stated after charging:

2023 2022
£    £   
Auditors' remuneration of company 2,500 1,950
Auditors' remuneration taxation compliance services 750 500
Auditors' remuneration non-audit services 3,276 2,960
Hire of plant and machinery 43,072 59,883

6. INTEREST PAYABLE AND SIMILAR EXPENSES
2023 2022
£    £   
Inter-company loan interest 25,000 11,764

7. TAXATION

Analysis of the tax charge
No liability to UK corporation tax arose for the year ended 31 December 2023 nor for the year ended 31 December 2022.

Reconciliation of total tax charge included in profit and loss
The tax assessed for the year is lower than the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK. The difference is explained below:

2023 2022
£    £   
Profit/(loss) before tax 22,652 (5,326 )
Profit/(loss) multiplied by the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK of
23.500% (2022 - 19%)

5,323

(1,012

)

Effects of:
Group relief (5,323 ) 1,012
Total tax charge - -

8. DEBTORS
2023 2022
£    £   
Amounts falling due within one year:
Trade debtors 38,657 46,316

Amounts falling due after more than one year:
Amounts owed by group undertakings 433,441 289,622

Aggregate amounts 472,098 335,938

A formal agreement is in place to charge interest at a commercial market rate of 2.25% above Bank of England base rate on inter-company loan balances. Inter-company loans are not repayable on demand and therefore are treated as falling due in more than one year.

KSG Training Services Limited (Registered number: 08756791)

Notes to the Financial Statements - continued
for the Year Ended 31 December 2023

9. CREDITORS: AMOUNTS FALLING DUE WITHIN ONE YEAR
2023 2022
£    £   
Trade creditors 7,951 14,338
VAT 9,293 3,815
Other creditors 20,586 11,594
37,830 29,747

10. CREDITORS: AMOUNTS FALLING DUE AFTER MORE THAN ONE YEAR
2023 2022
£    £   
Amounts owed to group undertakings 369,251 334,361

A formal agreement is in place to charge interest at a commercial market rate of 2.25% above Bank of England base rate on inter-company loan balances. Inter-company loans are not repayable on demand and therefore are treated as falling due in more than one year.

11. SECURED DEBTS

HSBC Bank plc has a fixed and floating charge over all the assets and undertakings of KSG Training Services Limited.

An unlimited composite company guarantee has been given by Kelston Sparkes Holdings Limited, Kelston Sparkes (Group) Limited and Kelston Sparkes Contractors Limited to HSBC Bank plc to secure all liabilities of each other.

12. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The company has the following financial instruments:
Notes 2023 2022
£ £
Financial assets that are debt instruments measured at amortised cost
Trade debtors 8 38,657 46,316
Amounts owed by group undertakings 8 433,441 289,622
472,098 335,938

Financial liabilities measured at amortised cost
Trade creditors 9 7,951 14,338
Amounts owed to group undertakings 10 369,251 334,361
377,202 348,699

13. CALLED UP SHARE CAPITAL

Allotted, issued and fully paid:
Number: Class: Nominal 2023 2022
value: £    £   
100 Ordinary £1 100 100

There are no restrictions on the distribution of dividends and the repayment of capital on all classes of ordinary shares.

KSG Training Services Limited (Registered number: 08756791)

Notes to the Financial Statements - continued
for the Year Ended 31 December 2023

14. RESERVES
Retained
earnings
£   

At 1 January 2023 50,911
Profit for the year 22,652
At 31 December 2023 73,563

15. PARENT COMPANY

Kelston Sparkes Holdings Limited is the company's parent company.

Accounts for this company may be obtained from the Registrar of Companies, Cardiff.

16. CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

The company is party to a cross company guarantee to HSBC Bank plc for Kelston Sparkes (Group) Limited, Kelston Sparkes Holdings Limited and Kelston Sparkes Contractors Limited which covers all assets held by these companies. These companies are controlled by the directors of KSG Training Services Limited.

The company has contingent liabilities at 31 December 2023 amounting to £8,646 (2022 - £79,181) in respect of cash held by the company which may be offset against borrowing facilities granted by the bank to its holding company and fellow subsidiaries.

At 31 December 2023 there were contingent liabilities in respect of loan and overdraft facilities granted to Kelston Sparkes (Group) Limited of £1,575,346 (2022 - £2,087,635).

17. RELATED PARTY DISCLOSURES

Entities with control, joint control or significant influence over the entity
2023 2022
£    £   
Sales 77,562 51,744
Purchases 42,652 60,433
Loan interest receivable 23,297 11,391
Amount due from related party 417,855 285,919

18. ULTIMATE CONTROLLING PARTY

The ultimate controlling party for the Company is Mr A K Sparkes, by virtue of his 55% holding of the share capital in Kelston Sparkes Holdings Limited.