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REGISTERED NUMBER: 07123530 (England and Wales)




















Strategic Report, Report of the Directors and

Financial Statements

for the Year Ended 31 December 2023

for

AKKA Development UK Limited

AKKA Development UK Limited (Registered number: 07123530)






Contents of the Financial Statements
for the Year Ended 31 December 2023




Page

Company Information 1

Strategic Report 2

Report of the Directors 3

Report of the Independent Auditors 4

Statement of Comprehensive Income 7

Balance Sheet 8

Statement of Changes in Equity 9

Notes to the Financial Statements 10


AKKA Development UK Limited

Company Information
for the Year Ended 31 December 2023







DIRECTORS: D Harwood
L Mimale





REGISTERED OFFICE: New Filton House
Filton 20
Golf Course Lane
Bristol
BS34 7QQ





REGISTERED NUMBER: 07123530 (England and Wales)

AKKA Development UK Limited (Registered number: 07123530)

Strategic Report
for the Year Ended 31 December 2023

The directors present their strategic report for the year ended 31 December 2023.

REVIEW OF BUSINESS
AKKA (the company) provides a wide-range of global engineering services for industrial projects for multiple sectors
including aeronautics, automotive, rail and the energy industry.

The company's employees include engineers, technicians and project managers.

The principal activities of the company during the year were:
- Engineering Consultancy in Aeronautics, Defence, Railways and Automotive industry
- Aerospace systems engineering
- RAMS
- IT

PRINCIPAL RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES
The company manages the potential risks and uncertainties that may impact the strategic targets.

These risks are also monitored at the Adecco Group level and reviewed on a weekly basis for the operational risks, and on a monthly basis for the financial and legal risks.

The main operational challenge for the coming years to our business is still the scarcity of resources due to shortage of skilled labour in the UK - this shortage following the economic recovery after the end of the main COVID-19 restrictions had been worsen by the exit from the European community, as less resources are willing to relocate to the UK.

ANALYSIS OF KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS
The company directors and the Adecco Group are using a wide range of Key performance indicators, in order to assess the business profitability and to drive the business in the most efficient way. Two of the main performance indicators are the project margin and the Operating profit of the company.

Turnover in 2023 has decreased by £1.1 m from the total of £13.1m in 2022, due to a weaker than expected demand in the Aerospace sector.

However the company's project margin was slightly higher than in 2022 (+2%) with the addition of new customers in this same sector with optimised margin.

The year profit has been impacted by investment in the sales structure to match the new Akkodis organisation.
Our main customers in Defence and Automotive are still subcontracting to a normal level of activity, with a visible improvement in the Automotive sector.

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES
The company is exposed to several financial risks, including liquidity, credit and economic risk. The directors monitor the net debt and cash flows on a regular basis and that adequate working capital facilities are in place.

The company is integrated in the Adecco Group cash pooling scheme. The factoring facility was implemented in 2018.

FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS AND EVENTS
The integration of AKKA and Modis (Adecco's subsidiary trading as Akkodis) has created a Smart Industry leader, delivering significant value for all stakeholders.

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES
During the year, AKKA has continued to perform a wide range of R&D activities, worked on projects, and sought to
advance science and technology through the resolution of scientific and technical uncertainties. AKKA provides
innovative services and advances in processes across Aerospace, Automotive and Rail sectors in safety critical
applications.

ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD:





D Harwood - Director


9 August 2024

AKKA Development UK Limited (Registered number: 07123530)

Report of the Directors
for the Year Ended 31 December 2023

The directors present their report with the financial statements of the company for the year ended 31 December 2023.

PRINCIPAL ACTIVITY
The principal activity of the company in the year under review was that of aerospace, automotive, defence and rail engineering.

DIVIDENDS
No dividends will be distributed for the year ended 31 December 2023.

DIRECTORS
The directors who have held office during the period from 1 January 2023 to the date of this report are as follows:

J Boissonnet - resigned 24 April 2023
G Tagg - resigned 24 March 2023
D Harwood - appointed 24 March 2023
L Mimale - appointed 24 March 2023

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT
The company financial risk management is disclosed within the notes to the financial statements.

STATEMENT OF DIRECTORS' RESPONSIBILITIES
The directors are responsible for preparing the Strategic Report, the Report of the Directors and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.

Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the directors have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (United Kingdom Accounting Standards and applicable law). Under company law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the company and of the profit or loss of the company for that period. In preparing these financial statements, the directors are required to:

-select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;
-make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent;
-prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the company will continue in business.

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the company's transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the company and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

STATEMENT AS TO DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION TO AUDITORS
So far as the directors are aware, there is no relevant audit information (as defined by Section 418 of the Companies Act 2006) of which the company's auditors are unaware, and each director has taken all the steps that he ought to have taken as a director in order to make himself aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the company's auditors are aware of that information.

ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD:





D Harwood - Director


9 August 2024

Report of the Independent Auditors to the Members of
AKKA Development UK Limited

Opinion
We have audited the financial statements of AKKA Development UK Limited (the 'company') for the year ended 31 December 2023 which comprise the Statement of Comprehensive Income, Balance Sheet, Statement of Changes in Equity and Notes to the Financial Statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including Financial Reporting Standard 102 'The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland' (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).

In our opinion the financial statements:
-give a true and fair view of the state of the company's affairs as at 31 December 2023 and of its profit for the year then ended;
-have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and
-have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.

Basis for opinion
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditors' responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC's Ethical Standard, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

Conclusions relating to going concern
In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate.

Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the company's ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue.

Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report.

Other information
The directors are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information in the Strategic Report and the Report of the Directors, but does not include the financial statements and our Report of the Auditors thereon.

Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.

In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard.

Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006
In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit:
- the information given in the Strategic Report and the Report of the Directors for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and
- the Strategic Report and the Report of the Directors have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.

Matters on which we are required to report by exception
In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the Strategic Report or the Report of the Directors.

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters where the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:
- adequate accounting records have not been kept, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or
- the financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or
- certain disclosures of directors' remuneration specified by law are not made; or
- we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.

Report of the Independent Auditors to the Members of
AKKA Development UK Limited


Responsibilities of directors
As explained more fully in the Statement of Directors' Responsibilities set out on page three, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.

Auditors' responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue a Report of the Auditors that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.

The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below:

Based on our understanding of the Company and industry, we identified that the principal risks of non-compliance with laws and regulations related to health and safety, employment law and company legislation, and we considered the extent to which non-compliance might have a material effect on the financial statements of the Company. We also considered those laws and regulations that have a direct impact on the preparation of the financial statements such as the Companies Act 2006 and taxation legislation. We evaluated management's incentives and opportunities for fraudulent manipulation of the financial statements (including the risk of override of controls), and determined that the principal risks were related to posting inappropriate journal entries to increase revenue or reduce expenditure, and management bias in accounting estimates and judgemental areas of the financial statements. Audit procedures performed by the audit engagement team included:

- Discussions with management, including consideration of known or suspected instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations and fraud;
- Understanding of management's internal controls designed to prevent and detect irregularities, and fraud;
- Reviewing the Company's legal costs to check for non-compliance with laws and regulations and fraud;
- Review of tax compliance;
- Designing audit procedures to incorporate unpredictability around the nature, timing or extent of our testing of expenses;
- Testing transactions entered into outside of the normal course of the Company's business; and
- Identifying and testing journal entries, in particular any journal entries with fraud characteristics such as journals with round numbers.

There are inherent limitations in the audit procedures described above and the further removed non-compliance with laws and regulations is from the events and transactions reflected in the financial statements, the less likely we would become aware of it. Also, the risk of not detecting a material misstatement due to fraud is higher than the risk of not detecting one resulting from error, as fraud may involve deliberate concealment by, for example, forgery or intentional misrepresentations, or through collusion.

A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial Reporting Council's website at www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our Report of the Auditors.

Report of the Independent Auditors to the Members of
AKKA Development UK Limited


Use of our report
This report is made solely to the company's members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company's members those matters we are required to state to them in a Report of the Auditors and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the company's members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.




David Iain Black (Senior Statutory Auditor)
for and on behalf of Sumer Auditco Limited
Statutory Auditor
Hermes House
Fire Fly Avenue
Swindon
Wiltshire
SN2 2GA

13 August 2024

AKKA Development UK Limited (Registered number: 07123530)

Statement of Comprehensive
Income
for the Year Ended 31 December 2023

2023 2022
Notes £    £   

TURNOVER 4 12,045,137 13,071,289

Cost of sales 10,411,113 11,115,219
GROSS PROFIT 1,634,024 1,956,070

Administrative expenses 1,729,941 1,552,490
(95,917 ) 403,580

Other operating income 354,996 271,909
OPERATING PROFIT 6 259,079 675,489


Interest payable and similar expenses 7 10,628 1,273
PROFIT BEFORE TAXATION 248,451 674,216

Tax on profit 8 67,526 166,472
PROFIT FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR 180,925 507,744

OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME - -
TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR
THE YEAR

180,925

507,744

AKKA Development UK Limited (Registered number: 07123530)

Balance Sheet
31 December 2023

2023 2022
Notes £    £    £    £   
FIXED ASSETS
Intangible assets 9 56,796 77,998
Tangible assets 10 131,471 105,885
188,267 183,883

CURRENT ASSETS
Debtors 11 7,673,116 7,189,040
Cash at bank 12 2,189 1,170,176
7,675,305 8,359,216
CREDITORS
Amounts falling due within one year 13 4,958,806 5,819,407
NET CURRENT ASSETS 2,716,499 2,539,809
TOTAL ASSETS LESS CURRENT
LIABILITIES

2,904,766

2,723,692

PROVISIONS FOR LIABILITIES 17 11,887 11,738
NET ASSETS 2,892,879 2,711,954

CAPITAL AND RESERVES
Called up share capital 18 1 1
Retained earnings 19 2,892,878 2,711,953
SHAREHOLDERS' FUNDS 2,892,879 2,711,954

The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors and authorised for issue on 9 August 2024 and were signed on its behalf by:





D Harwood - Director


AKKA Development UK Limited (Registered number: 07123530)

Statement of Changes in Equity
for the Year Ended 31 December 2023

Called up
share Retained Total
capital earnings equity
£    £    £   
Balance at 1 January 2022 1 2,204,209 2,204,210

Changes in equity
Total comprehensive income - 507,744 507,744
Balance at 31 December 2022 1 2,711,953 2,711,954

Changes in equity
Total comprehensive income - 180,925 180,925
Balance at 31 December 2023 1 2,892,878 2,892,879

AKKA Development UK Limited (Registered number: 07123530)

Notes to the Financial Statements
for the Year Ended 31 December 2023

1. STATUTORY INFORMATION

AKKA Development UK Limited is a private company, limited by shares , registered in England and Wales. The company's registered number and registered office address can be found on the Company Information page.

The presentation currency of the financial statements is the Pound Sterling (£).


2. STATEMENT OF COMPLIANCE

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Financial Reporting Standard 102 "The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland" and the Companies Act 2006.

3. ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of preparing the financial statements
The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention.

The principal accounting policies adopted in the preparation of the financial statements are set out below. These policies have been consistently applied to all years presented unless otherwise stated.

Financial Reporting Standard 102 - reduced disclosure exemptions
The company has taken advantage of the following disclosure exemptions in preparing these financial statements, as permitted by FRS 102 "The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland":

the requirements of Section 7 Statement of Cash Flows;
the requirement of paragraph 3.17(d);
the requirement of paragraph 33.7.

This information is included in the consolidated financial statements of the ultimate parent company Adecco Group AG Switzerland as at 31 December 2023. A copy of these financial statements may be obtained from Adecco Group AG Switzerland, Bellerivestrasse 30, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland

Significant judgements and estimates
In the application of the company's accounting policies, management is required to make judgements, estimates and assumptions about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and underlying assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.

The key sources of estimation uncertainty that have a significant effect on the amounts recognised in the financial statements are described below:

Project income and expenditure - Significant management judgement and estimates are involved in the determination of the level of accrued income and accrued costs in relation to ongoing projects as at the balance sheet date.

Turnover
Turnover is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable. Turnover is reduced for customer returns, rebates or other similar allowances and is net of value added taxes. Turnover is from the rendering of services.

AKKA Development UK Limited (Registered number: 07123530)

Notes to the Financial Statements - continued
for the Year Ended 31 December 2023

3. ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

Turnover from the rendering of services is recognised in the period in which the services are provided in accordance with the stage of completion of the contract when all of the following conditions are satisfied;
- the amount of revenue can be measured reliably;
- it is probable that the company will receive consideration due under the contract;
- the stage of completion of the contract at the end of the reporting period can be measured reliably, and;
- the costs incurred and the costs to complete the contract can be measured reliably.

Goodwill
Goodwill represents the difference between amounts paid on the cost of a business combination and the acquirer's interest in the fair value of its identifiable and liabilities of the acquiree at the date of acquisition. Subsequent to initial recognition, goodwill is measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. Goodwill is amortised on a straight line basis to the Statement of Comprehensive Income over its useful economic life.

Amortisation is provided on goodwill over 3 years on a straight line basis.

Intangible assets
Intangible assets are initially measured at cost. After initial recognition, intangible assets are measured at cost less any accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses.

Computer software is being amortised evenly over its estimated useful life or 3 years.

Tangible fixed assets
Depreciation is provided at the following annual rates in order to write off each asset over its estimated useful life.
Improvements to property - over period of lease
Fixtures and fittings - 33% on straight line basis and 25% on reducing balance
Computer equipment - 33% on straight line basis

Historical cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management.

The company adds to the carrying amount of an item of fixed assets the cost of replacing part of such an item when that cost is incurred, if the replacement part is expected to provide incremental future benefits for the company. The carrying amount of the replaced part is recognised. repairs and maintenance are charged to the profit and loss during the period in which they are incurred.

The assets residual values, useful lives and depreciation methods are reviewed, and adjusted prospectively if appropriate, or if there is an indication of a significant change since the last reporting date.

Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing the proceeds with the carrying amount and are recognised within `other operating income' in the Statement of comprehensive Income.

Financial instruments
The company has chosen to adopt the requirements of sections 11 and 12 of FRS 102 in respect of the measurement and disclosure of financial instruments.

Trade and other debtors
Trade and other debtors are initially recognised at fair value and thereafter stated at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less impairment losses for bad and doubtful debts except where the effect of discounting would be immaterial. In such cases, the receivables are stated at cost less impairment losses for bad and doubtful debts.

Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash at bank and on hand, demand deposits with banks and other short-term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less and bank overdrafts. In the statement of financial position, bank overdrafts are shown within borrowings or current liabilities.

AKKA Development UK Limited (Registered number: 07123530)

Notes to the Financial Statements - continued
for the Year Ended 31 December 2023

3. ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

Impairment of financial assets
Financial assets are assessed for indicators of impairment at the end of each reporting period. Financial assets are considered to be impaired when there is objective evidence that, as a result of one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the financial asset, the estimated future cash flows of the investment have been affected.

For all other financial assets, objective evidence of impairment could include:

- significant financial difficulty of the issuer or counterparty; or
- breach of contract, such as a default or delinquency in interest or principal payments; or
- it becoming probable that the borrower will enter bankruptcy or financial re-organisation; or
- the disappearance of an active market for that financial asset because of financial difficulties.

For certain categories of financial asset, such as trade receivables, assets that are assessed not to be impaired individually are, in addition, assessed for impairment on a collective basis. Objective evidence of impairment for a portfolio of receivables could include the company's past experience of collecting payments, an increase in the number of delayed payments in the portfolio past the average credit period of 30 days, as well as observable changes in national or local economic conditions that correlate with default on receivables.

For financial assets carried at amortised cost, the amount of the impairment loss recognised is the difference between the asset's carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows, discounted at the financial asset's original effective interest rate.

For financial assets carried at cost, the amount of the impairment loss is measured as the difference between the asset's carrying amount and the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at the current market rate of return for a similar financial asset. Such impairment loss will not be reversed in subsequent periods.

The carrying amount of the financial asset is reduced by the impairment loss directly for all financial assets with the exception of trade receivables, where the carrying amount is reduced through the use of an allowance account. When a trade receivable is considered uncollectible, it is written off against the allowance account. Subsequent recoveries of amounts previously written off are credited against the allowance account. Changes in the carrying amount of the allowance account are recognised in profit or loss.

For financial assets measured at amortised cost, if, in a subsequent period, the amount of the impairment loss decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment was recognised, the previously recognised impairment loss is reversed through profit or loss to the extent that the carrying amount of the investment at the date the impairment is reversed does not exceed what the amortised cost would have been had the impairment not been recognised.

Trade and other creditors
Trade and other creditors are initially recognised at fair value and thereafter stated at amortised cost using the effective interest method unless the effect of discounting would be immaterial, in which case they are stated at cost.

Taxation
Taxation for the year comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the Statement of Comprehensive Income, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity.

Current or deferred taxation assets and liabilities are not discounted.

Current tax is recognised at the amount of tax payable using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date.

Deferred tax
Deferred tax is recognised in respect of all timing differences that have originated but not reversed at the balance sheet date.

Timing differences arise from the inclusion of income and expenses in tax assessments in periods different from those in which they are recognised in financial statements. Deferred tax is measured using tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the year end and that are expected to apply to the reversal of the timing difference.

Unrelieved tax losses and other deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that they will be recovered against the reversal of deferred tax liabilities or other future taxable profits.

AKKA Development UK Limited (Registered number: 07123530)

Notes to the Financial Statements - continued
for the Year Ended 31 December 2023

3. ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued

Foreign currencies
Assets and liabilities in foreign currencies are translated into sterling at the rates of exchange ruling at the balance sheet date. Transactions in foreign currencies are translated into sterling at the rate of exchange ruling at the date of transaction. Exchange differences are taken into account in arriving at the operating result.

Hire purchase and leasing commitments
Rentals paid under operating leases are charged to profit or loss on a straight line basis over the period of the lease.

Pension costs and other post-retirement benefits
The company operates a defined contribution plan for its employees. A defined contribution plan is a pension plan under which the company pays fixed contributions into a separate entity. Once contributions have been paid the company has no further payment obligations.

The contributions are recognised as an expense in the statement of comprehensive income when they fall due. Amounts not paid are shown in accruals as a liability in the balance sheet. The assets of the plan are held separately fro the company in independently administered funds.

Provisions and liabilities
Provisions are recognised when the company has a present legal or constructive obligation arising as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are measured at the present value of the expenditures expected to be required to settle the obligation using a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the obligation. The increase in the provision due to passage of time is recognised as interest expense.

Government grants
Government grants are recognised based on the accrual model and are measured at the fair value of the asset received or receivable. Grants are classified as relating either to revenue or to assets. Grants relating to revenue are recognised in income over the period in which the related costs are recognised. Grants relating to assets are recognised over the expected useful life of the asset. Where part of a grant relating to an asset is deferred, it is recognised as deferred income.

4. TURNOVER

The turnover and profit before taxation are attributable to the one principal activity of the company.

An analysis of turnover by geographical market is given below:

2023 2022
£    £   
United Kingdom 11,521,649 12,649,352
Europe 381,869 311,597
United States of America 74,488 -
Rest of the world 67,131 110,340
12,045,137 13,071,289

5. EMPLOYEES AND DIRECTORS
2023 2022
£    £   
Wages and salaries 5,469,587 5,629,996
Social security costs 601,821 699,254
Other pension costs 364,494 456,062
6,435,902 6,785,312

The average number of employees during the year was as follows:
2023 2022

Employees including directors 116 120

AKKA Development UK Limited (Registered number: 07123530)

Notes to the Financial Statements - continued
for the Year Ended 31 December 2023

5. EMPLOYEES AND DIRECTORS - continued

2023 2022
£    £   
Directors' remuneration - -

During the year, no director received any emoluments.

6. OPERATING PROFIT

The operating profit is stated after charging/(crediting):

2023 2022
£    £   
Other operating leases 161,956 222,047
Depreciation - owned assets 45,201 35,847
Computer software amortisation 21,202 28,193
Auditors' remuneration 17,200 12,000
Foreign exchange differences (8,533 ) (19,305 )

7. INTEREST PAYABLE AND SIMILAR EXPENSES
2023 2022
£    £   
Group interest payable 10,628 1,273

8. TAXATION

Analysis of the tax charge
The tax charge on the profit for the year was as follows:
2023 2022
£    £   
Current tax:
UK corporation tax 67,377 94,061

Deferred tax 149 72,411
Tax on profit 67,526 166,472

Reconciliation of total tax charge included in profit and loss
The tax assessed for the year is higher than the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK. The difference is explained below:

2023 2022
£    £   
Profit before tax 248,451 674,216
Profit multiplied by the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK of
23.520% (2022 - 19%)

58,436

128,101

Effects of:
Expenses not deductible for tax purposes 4,066 845
Adjustments to tax charge in respect of previous periods 5,825 42,074
Other deferred tax timing differences 10 7,281
R & D expenditure credit (868 ) (9,945 )
Adjustments to brought forward values (983 ) -
Fixed asset differences 1,040 (1,884 )
Total tax charge 67,526 166,472

AKKA Development UK Limited (Registered number: 07123530)

Notes to the Financial Statements - continued
for the Year Ended 31 December 2023

9. INTANGIBLE FIXED ASSETS
Computer
Goodwill software Totals
£    £    £   
COST
At 1 January 2023
and 31 December 2023 470,099 214,735 684,834
AMORTISATION
At 1 January 2023 470,099 136,737 606,836
Amortisation for year - 21,202 21,202
At 31 December 2023 470,099 157,939 628,038
NET BOOK VALUE
At 31 December 2023 - 56,796 56,796
At 31 December 2022 - 77,998 77,998

10. TANGIBLE FIXED ASSETS
Improvements Fixtures
to and Computer
property fittings equipment Totals
£    £    £    £   
COST
At 1 January 2023 121,946 95,548 428,114 645,608
Additions - 5,679 65,108 70,787
At 31 December 2023 121,946 101,227 493,222 716,395
DEPRECIATION
At 1 January 2023 71,837 94,530 373,356 539,723
Charge for year 12,218 3,485 29,498 45,201
At 31 December 2023 84,055 98,015 402,854 584,924
NET BOOK VALUE
At 31 December 2023 37,891 3,212 90,368 131,471
At 31 December 2022 50,109 1,018 54,758 105,885

11. DEBTORS: AMOUNTS FALLING DUE WITHIN ONE YEAR
2023 2022
£    £   
Trade debtors 3,153,274 2,327,990
Amounts owed by group undertakings 3,668,924 3,486,313
Other debtors 196,842 253,318
Tax 465,467 501,162
Prepayments and accrued income 188,609 620,257
7,673,116 7,189,040

12. CASH AT BANK
2023 2022
£    £   
Cash at bank and in hand 2,189 1,170,176

AKKA Development UK Limited (Registered number: 07123530)

Notes to the Financial Statements - continued
for the Year Ended 31 December 2023

13. CREDITORS: AMOUNTS FALLING DUE WITHIN ONE YEAR
2023 2022
£    £   
Trade creditors 565,020 686,547
Amounts owed to group undertakings 915,426 1,203,113
Social security and other taxes 635,289 652,760
Other creditors 58,886 62,638
Factoring 1,428,504 1,599,078
Accruals and deferred income 1,355,681 1,615,271
4,958,806 5,819,407

The company operates a defined contribution pension scheme. The assets of the scheme are held separately from those of the company in an independently administered fund. The pension liability at year end totalled £37,861 (2022: £49,325) is included in other creditors.

14. LEASING AGREEMENTS

Minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases fall due as follows:
2023 2022
£    £   
Within one year 47,831 76,729
Between one and five years 95,662 143,493
143,493 220,222

15. SECURED DEBTS

The following secured debts are included within creditors:

2023 2022
£    £   
Factoring 1,428,504 1,599,078

The factoring facility provided by BNP Paribas Fortis Factor N.V. is secured against the book debts of the company.

AKKA Development UK Limited (Registered number: 07123530)

Notes to the Financial Statements - continued
for the Year Ended 31 December 2023

16. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

This section gives a comprehensive overview of the significance of financial instruments for the company and provides additional information on Statement of Financial Position items that contain financial instruments.
The following table presents the carrying amounts of each category of financial assets and liabilities:

31 Dec 2023 31 Dec 2022
£    £   
Financial assets
Loans and receivables 7,123,351 6,608,320
Cash and cash equivalents 2,189 1,170,176
7,125,540 7,778,496
Financial liabilities
Financial liabilities measured at amortised cost 4,002,645 4,659,501
3,122,895 4,659,501

All financial assets and liabilities are measured at amortised cost. The fair values of cash and cash equivalents, current receivables, other current financial assets, other assets, trade payables and other current financial liabilities and other liabilities approximate their carrying amount largely due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. There are no financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value.

Collateral
The company does not hold any collateral that can be sold or re-pledged in the absence of default by the owner on contractual terms. Nor does the company pledge its financial assets as collateral to third parties.


FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT
Exposure to foreign currency, credit, liquidity and cash flow interest rate risks arises in the normal course of the company's business. These risks are limited by the company's financial management policies and practices described below.

Foreign currency risk
The company has limited exposure to foreign currency risk. Substantially all of the company's sales and purchases are denominated in sterling or Euro's. The exposure to foreign currency exchange risk is not deemed significant at group level and no active management of this risk is undertaken.

Credit risk
The company is at risk from its customers defaulting in making payments for services that have been supplied to them. The risk is mitigated by the ongoing strong customer relationships that the company maintains.

Liquidity risk
The directors have ultimate responsibility for liquidity risk management in maintaining adequate reserves, banking facilities and reserve borrowing facilities. They do this by continuously monitoring forecast and actual cash flows and matching the maturity profiles of financial assets and liabilities.

Cash flow interest rate risk
The company is exposed to interest rate risk through the impact of rate changes on interest-bearing borrowings. The company's policy is to obtain the most favourable interest rates available for its borrowings.

The company has no significant interest-bearing assets and liabilities. The company does not use any derivative instruments to reduce its economic exposure to changes in interest rates.

17. PROVISIONS FOR LIABILITIES
2023 2022
£    £   
Deferred tax 11,887 11,738

AKKA Development UK Limited (Registered number: 07123530)

Notes to the Financial Statements - continued
for the Year Ended 31 December 2023

17. PROVISIONS FOR LIABILITIES - continued

Deferred
tax
£   
Balance at 1 January 2023 11,738
Provided during year 149
Balance at 31 December 2023 11,887

18. CALLED UP SHARE CAPITAL

Allotted, issued and fully paid:
Number: Class: Nominal 2023 2022
value: £    £   
1 Ordinary £1 1 1

There is a single class of ordinary shares. There are no restrictions on the distribution of dividends and the repayment of capital.

19. RESERVES
Retained
earnings
£   

At 1 January 2023 2,711,953
Profit for the year 180,925
At 31 December 2023 2,892,878

Retained earnings - includes all current and prior period retained profits and losses.

20. ULTIMATE PARENT COMPANY

The immediate parent undertaking was Modis International Limited, a company incorporated in the United Kingdom. The ultimate parent undertaking is Adecco Group AG Switzerland, a company, incorporated in Switzerland.

Adecco Group AG Switzerland is both the largest and smallest group for which consolidated financial statements are drawn up of which the company is a member. The financial statements of Adecco Group AG Switzerland are available from Bellerivestrasse 30, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland

21. RELATED PARTY DISCLOSURES

The company has taken advantage of exemption, under the terms of Financial Reporting Standard 102 'The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland', not to disclose related party transactions with wholly owned subsidiaries within the group.

During the year, a total of key management personnel compensation of £ 131,843 (2022 - £ 506,516 ) was paid.