Attest Technologies Limited
Annual Report and Financial Statements
For the period ended 31 December 2023
Company Registration No. 09445883 (England and Wales)
Attest Technologies Limited
Company Information
Directors
J B B King
D J P Lane
C Nordby
M Laffey
S Ayub
P Chopin
Company number
09445883
Registered office
21-33 Great Eastern Street
London
England
EC2A 3EJ
Auditor
Moore Kingston Smith LLP
Charlotte Building
17 Gresse Street
London
W1T 1QL
Attest Technologies Limited
Contents
Page
Strategic report
1 - 2
Directors' report
3
Directors' responsibilities statement
4
Independent auditor's report
5 - 8
Group profit and loss account
9
Group statement of comprehensive income
10
Group balance sheet
11
Company balance sheet
12
Group statement of changes in equity
13
Company statement of changes in equity
14
Group statement of cash flows
15
Notes to the financial statements
16 - 33
Attest Technologies Limited
Strategic Report
For the period ended 31 December 2023
Page 1

The directors present the strategic report for the period ended 31 December 2023.

Principal activities and business review

The company’s principal activity is that of a software services provider. Attest Technologies (“Attest”) is an enterprise-grade, consumer data genesis platform.

 

The statements for the financial year ending December 2023 reflect a year of significant improvement in profitability through cost restructuring, increased budgetary control and fiscal prudence. Actions taken, coupled with top-line growth, reduced cash burn to -£4.8m, representing a 71% reduction for the 13 month period ending Dec 2023 (FYE Nov 2022: -£16.5m). Operating loss for the period also improved to -£10.8m (FYE Nov 2022: -£14.7m).

 

The results for the year are set out within this report. The results show a loss attributable to shareholders reflecting ongoing investment in the development of the platform and technology.

 

Attest aims to make it simple and fast to uncover opportunity with consumer data. It is disrupting the traditional market research landscape by making high-quality consumer insights easier to access, and available to a broader range of businesses. Directors believe there continues to be strong growth opportunities within this broader market.

 

The directors review KPIs throughout the year as part of the normal management process. Example KPIs include ARR/full time employee (FTE) which improved to £134k as at Dec 2023 (Dec 2022: £70k) and gross profit margin, which improved by +9% in the period ended Dec 2023 (FYE Nov 2022: -3% reduction). Other key metrics include, but are not limited to, net revenue retention (NRR), gross revenue retention (GRR), customer growth, sales efficiency and customer cost of acquisition.

Future developments

The company continues to invest in technology and the Attest platform, to build out novel features and capabilities. We also expect to build on our commercial and marketing infrastructure, to grow share of wallet with existing clients and win new clients across regions in which we operate.

 

As with any growing business, management continues to explore a broad range of possible long term options, including but not limited to; additional capital raise, merger, acquisition, profitability or public offering. As a result, the company incurred associated costs from external advisory services, which are included in exceptional costs under the heading transaction costs during the current reporting period.

Principal risks and uncertainties

Macro political and economic environment

Continued levels of political uncertainty in our principal markets could impact consumer demand, and constrain customer budgets which would affect the level of demand of the Group’s services.

 

Competition and technology advancements

The marketing technology market continues to evolve with new competitors and new technologies being introduced at speed. Under-investment in our platform would impact our ability to achieve sustainable growth.

 

Cyber security and risk

As technology continues to advance, so do the risks associated with new technologies. Events such as a cyber security breach could impact our reputation and/or result in legal fines and costs.

 

Attest Technologies Limited
Strategic Report (Continued)
For the period ended 31 December 2023
Page 2
Financial risks and cash management

Currency risk

Attest transacts in, and has cash reserves, in USD and GBP. The group currently buys currency at spot rate and minimises exposure to foreign currency movements by matching currency flows where possible. Attest continues to monitor movements in exchange rates.

 

Liquidity risk

As a loss-making company, the business is reliant on future external fundraising to maintain its operations and there is no guarantee that future fundraisings will be successful. The Directors believe the group has sufficient funds for at least the next 12 months.

Sana Ayub
CFO
Director, Attest Technologies
19 September 2024
Attest Technologies Limited
Directors' Report
For the period ended 31 December 2023
Page 3

The directors present their annual report and financial statements for the period ended 31 December 2023.

Principal activities

The principal activity of the company and group continued to be that of the provision of consumer research software service.

Directors

The directors who held office during the period and up to the date of signature of the financial statements were as follows:

C H Bryant
(Resigned 13 July 2023)
J B B King
D J P Lane
C Nordby
M Laffey
S Ayub
(Appointed 3 May 2023)
P Chopin
(Appointed 13 July 2023)
Results and dividends

The results for the period are set out on page 9.

No ordinary dividends were paid. The directors do not recommend payment of a further dividend.

Auditor

In accordance with the company's articles, a resolution proposing that Moore Kingston Smith LLP be reappointed as auditor of the group will be tabled at a General Meeting.

Statement of disclosure to auditor

So far as each person who was a director at the date of approving this report is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the auditor of the company is unaware. Additionally, the directors individually have taken all the necessary steps that they ought to have taken as directors in order to make themselves aware of all relevant audit information and to establish that the auditor of the company is aware of that information.

On behalf of the board
S Ayub
Director
19 September 2024
Attest Technologies Limited
Directors' Responsibilities Statement
For the period ended 31 December 2023
Page 4

The directors are responsible for preparing the Annual Report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.

 

Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the directors have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (United Kingdom Accounting Standards and applicable law). Under company law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the group and company, and of the profit or loss of the group for that period. In preparing these financial statements, the directors are required to:

 

 

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the group’s and company’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the group and company and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the group and company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

Attest Technologies Limited
Independent Auditor's Report
To the Members of Attest Technologies Limited
Page 5
Opinion

We have audited the financial statements of Attest Technologies Limited (the 'parent company') and its subsidiaries (the 'group') for the period ended 31 December 2023 which comprise the Group Profit And Loss Account, the Group Statement of Comprehensive Income, the Group Balance Sheet, the Company Balance Sheet, the Group Statement of Changes in Equity, the Company Statement of Changes in Equity, the Group Statement of Cash Flows and notes to the financial statements, including significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including Financial Reporting Standard 102 The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).

In our opinion the financial statements:

Basis for opinion

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the group and parent company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

Conclusions relating to going concern

In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate.

 

Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the group's and parent company’s ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue.

 

Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report.

Other information

The other information comprises the information included in the annual report other than the financial statements and our auditor's report thereon. The directors are responsible for the other information contained within the annual report. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.

 

Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact.

 

We have nothing to report in this regard.

Attest Technologies Limited
Independent Auditor's Report (Continued)
To the Members of Attest Technologies Limited
Page 6

Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of our audit:

Matters on which we are required to report by exception

In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the group and the parent company and their environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the Strategic Report or the Directors' Report.

 

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:

 

Responsibilities of directors

As explained more fully in the Directors' Responsibilities Statement, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

 

In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the group's and parent company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the group or parent company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.

Attest Technologies Limited
Independent Auditor's Report (Continued)
To the Members of Attest Technologies Limited
Page 7
Auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor's report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.

As part of an audit in accordance with ISAs (UK) we exercise professional judgement and maintain professional scepticism throughout the audit. We also:

 

We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit.

 

Attest Technologies Limited
Independent Auditor's Report (Continued)
To the Members of Attest Technologies Limited
Page 8

Explanation as to what extent the audit was considered capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud

Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud. The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities,

including fraud is detailed below.

 

The objectives of our audit in respect of fraud, are; to identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements due to fraud; to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the assessed risks of material misstatement due to fraud, through designing and implementing appropriate responses to those assessed risks; and to respond appropriately to instances of fraud or suspected fraud identified during the audit. However, the primary responsibility for the prevention and detection of fraud rests with both management and those charged with governance of the company.

 

Our approach was as follows:

 

 

There are inherent limitations in the audit procedures described above. We are less likely to become aware of instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations that are not closely related to events and transactions reflected in the financial statements. Also, the risk of not detecting a material misstatement due to fraud is higher than the risk of not detecting one resulting from error, as fraud may involve deliberate concealment by, for example, forgery or intentional misrepresentations, or through collusion.

Use of our report

This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken for no purpose other than to draw to the attention of the company’s members those matters we are required to include in an auditor's report addressed to them. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to any party other than the company and the company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.

Ryan Day (Senior Statutory Auditor)
for and on behalf of Moore Kingston Smith LLP
20 September 2024
Chartered Accountants
Statutory Auditor
Charlotte Building
17 Gresse Street
London
W1T 1QL
Attest Technologies Limited
Group Profit and Loss Account
For the period ended 31 December 2023
Page 9
2023
2022
Notes
£
£
Turnover
4
12,005,265
9,121,355
Cost of sales
(2,405,527)
(2,685,797)
Gross profit
9,599,738
6,435,558
Administrative expenses
(19,868,678)
(21,103,366)
Exceptional items
3
(527,990)
-
Operating loss
5
(10,796,930)
(14,667,808)
Interest receivable and similar income
9
155,950
105,136
Interest payable and similar expenses
10
(41)
(17)
Loss before taxation
(10,641,021)
(14,562,689)
Tax on loss
11
273,005
777,509
Loss for the financial period
(10,368,016)
(13,785,180)
Loss for the financial period is all attributable to the owners of the parent company.
Attest Technologies Limited
Group Statement of Comprehensive Income
For the period ended 31 December 2023
Page 10
Period
Year
ended
ended
31 December
30 November
2023
2022
£
£
Loss for the period
(10,368,016)
(13,785,180)
Other comprehensive income
Currency translation gain/(loss) taken to retained earnings
13,902
(98,899)
Total comprehensive income for the period
(10,354,114)
(13,884,079)
Total comprehensive income for the period is all attributable to the owners of the parent company.
Attest Technologies Limited
Group Balance Sheet
As at 31 December 2023
Page 11
2023
2022
Notes
£
£
£
£
Fixed assets
Intangible assets
12
83,978
112,707
Tangible assets
13
161,955
175,195
245,933
287,902
Current assets
Debtors
16
3,372,370
3,524,707
Investments
17
-
0
5,970,149
Cash at bank and in hand
11,982,754
16,761,199
15,355,124
26,256,055
Creditors: amounts falling due within one year
18
(6,433,088)
(7,036,840)
Net current assets
8,922,036
19,219,215
Net assets
9,167,969
19,507,117
Capital and reserves
Called up share capital
22
24
23
Share premium account
59,715,904
59,700,939
Profit and loss reserves
(50,547,959)
(40,193,845)
Total equity
9,167,969
19,507,117
The financial statements were approved by the board of directors and authorised for issue on 19 September 2024 and are signed on its behalf by:
19 September 2024
S  Ayub
Director
Attest Technologies Limited
Company Balance Sheet
As at 31 December 2023
31 December 2023
Page 12
2023
2022
Notes
£
£
£
£
Fixed assets
Intangible assets
12
83,978
112,707
Tangible assets
13
147,421
174,909
Investments
14
8
8
231,407
287,624
Current assets
Debtors
16
4,149,145
3,291,991
Investments
17
-
0
5,970,149
Cash at bank and in hand
11,170,525
16,377,561
15,319,670
25,639,701
Creditors: amounts falling due within one year
18
(5,400,162)
(6,552,219)
Net current assets
9,919,508
19,087,482
Net assets
10,150,915
19,375,106
Capital and reserves
Called up share capital
22
24
23
Share premium account
59,715,904
59,700,939
Profit and loss reserves
(49,565,013)
(40,325,856)
Total equity
10,150,915
19,375,106

As permitted by S408 Companies Act 2006, the company has not presented its own profit and loss account and related notes. The company's loss for the year was £9,239,157 (2022: £13,974,734)

The financial statements were approved by the board of directors and authorised for issue on 19 September 2024 and are signed on its behalf by:
19 September 2024
S  Ayub
Director
Company Registration No. 09445883 (England and Wales)
Attest Technologies Limited
Group Statement of Changes in Equity
For the period ended 31 December 2023
Page 13
Share capital
Share premium account
Profit and loss reserves
Total
Notes
£
£
£
£
Balance at 1 December 2021
23
59,691,807
(26,309,766)
33,382,064
Year ended 30 November 2022:
Loss for the year
-
-
(13,785,180)
(13,785,180)
Other comprehensive income:
Currency translation differences
-
-
(98,899)
(98,899)
Total comprehensive income for the year
-
-
(13,884,079)
(13,884,079)
Issue of share capital
22
-
0
9,132
-
9,132
Balance at 30 November 2022
23
59,700,939
(40,193,845)
19,507,117
Period ended 31 December 2023:
Loss for the period
-
-
(10,368,016)
(10,368,016)
Other comprehensive income:
Currency translation differences
-
-
13,902
13,902
Total comprehensive income for the period
-
-
(10,354,114)
(10,354,114)
Issue of share capital
22
1
14,965
-
14,966
Balance at 31 December 2023
24
59,715,904
(50,547,959)
9,167,969
Attest Technologies Limited
Company Statement of Changes in Equity
For the period ended 31 December 2023
Page 14
Share capital
Share premium account
Profit and loss reserves
Total
Notes
£
£
£
£
Balance at 1 December 2021
23
59,691,807
(26,351,122)
33,340,708
Year ended 30 November 2022:
Loss and total comprehensive income for the year
-
-
(13,974,734)
(13,974,734)
Issue of share capital
22
-
0
9,132
-
9,132
Balance at 30 November 2022
23
59,700,939
(40,325,856)
19,375,106
Period ended 31 December 2023:
Loss and total comprehensive income for the period
-
-
(9,239,157)
(9,239,157)
Issue of share capital
22
1
14,965
-
14,966
Balance at 31 December 2023
24
59,715,904
(49,565,013)
10,150,915
Attest Technologies Limited
Group Statement of Cash Flows
For the period ended 31 December 2023
Page 15
2023
2022
Notes
£
£
£
£
Cash flows from operating activities
Cash absorbed by operations
26
(11,612,465)
(19,103,141)
Interest paid
(41)
(17)
Income taxes refunded
770,727
2,960,018
Net cash outflow from operating activities
(10,841,779)
(16,143,140)
Investing activities
Purchase of intangible assets
-
(132,597)
Purchase of tangible fixed assets
(96,304)
(177,170)
Proceeds on disposal of tangible fixed assets
4,271
1,375
Inflow from fixed term deposits classified as current investment
5,970,149
-
Interest received
155,950
65,955
Net cash generated from/(used in) investing activities
6,034,066
(242,437)
Financing activities
Proceeds from issue of shares
14,966
9,132
Net cash generated from financing activities
14,966
9,132
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
(4,792,747)
(16,376,445)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
16,761,199
33,235,195
Effect of foreign exchange rates
14,302
(97,551)
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
11,982,754
16,761,199
Attest Technologies Limited
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the period ended 31 December 2023
Page 16
1
Accounting policies
Company information

Attest Technologies Limited (“the company”) is a private limited company domiciled and incorporated in England and Wales. The registered office is 21-33 Great Eastern Street, London, England, EC2A 3EJ.

 

The group consists of Attest Technologies Limited and all of its subsidiaries.

1.1
Accounting convention

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with FRS 102 “The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland” (“FRS 102”) and the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.

The financial statements are prepared in sterling, which is the functional currency of the company. Monetary amounts in these financial statements are rounded to the nearest £.

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention, for certain financial instruments at fair value. The principal accounting policies adopted are set out below.

1.2
Basis of consolidation

The consolidated group financial statements consist of the financial statements of the parent company Attest Technologies Limited together with all entities controlled by the parent company (its subsidiaries) and the group’s share of its interests in joint ventures and associates.

 

All financial statements are made up to 31 December 2023. Where necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements of subsidiaries to bring the accounting policies used into line with those used by other members of the group.

 

All intra-group transactions, balances and unrealised gains on transactions between group companies are eliminated on consolidation. Unrealised losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred.

Attest Technologies Limited
Notes to the Financial Statements (Continued)
For the period ended 31 December 2023
1
Accounting policies
(Continued)
Page 17
1.3
Going concern

Notwithstanding a loss for the long period ended in December 2023 of £10,368,016 (2022: £13,785,180), the financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis which the directors consider to be appropriate for the following reasons.

The Group had a cash balance of £11,982,754 at the balance sheet date. The directors have prepared cash flow forecasts for a period of minimum 12 months from the date of approval of these financial statements which are based on their current expectations of trading prospects. The Group had cash reserves of £11.3m as at 30 June 2024 and has positive cash reserves at the date of approval of the financial statements.

Although the Group continues to be loss making post year end, the level of cash reserves available following the efforts made to implement cost efficiencies throughout 2023 materialised in strong financial resilience, enabling the Group to continue to meet its liabilities as they fall due for at least the next twelve months.

The Group expects cashflow to be at or better than budget for the year. Runway is estimated to be at 2 - 3 years and fundraising would be pursued if this was reduced to 12 - 18 months. The Group also has the option of reducing costs to aim for break-even in the next 2 years.

As a result, the directors are confident that they can respond effectively to continued uncertainty and as a result, the directors believe that the Group will be able to continue to meet its liabilities as they fall due for a period of at least twelve months from the date of approval of the financial statements. Consequently, the financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis.

1.4
Reporting period

The reporting period spans 13 months, unlike the previous period, which covered one year. This change in period, ending 31 December 2023, was made to align the reporting periods across the group.

1.5
Turnover

Revenue from contracts for the provision of market research consultancy services is recognised by reference to the stage of completion. The group uses a credit-based system for all its customers, whereby users of the platform utilise credits based on the number of questions and respondents they require. Revenue is recognised based on the number of credits used in relation to the total credits purchased and stated within the contract. Revenue is shown net of VAT and other sales related taxes. The fair value of consideration takes into account trade discounts, settlement discounts and volume rebates.

1.6
Intangible fixed assets other than goodwill

Intangible assets acquired separately from a business are recognised at cost and are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses.

 

Intangible assets acquired on business combinations are recognised separately from goodwill at the acquisition date where it is probable that the expected future economic benefits that are attributable to the asset will flow to the entity and the fair value of the asset can be measured reliably; the intangible asset arises from contractual or other legal rights; and the intangible asset is separable from the entity.

Amortisation is recognised so as to write off the cost or valuation of assets less their residual values over their useful lives on the following bases:

Domain
5 years straight line
Attest Technologies Limited
Notes to the Financial Statements (Continued)
For the period ended 31 December 2023
1
Accounting policies
(Continued)
Page 18
1.7
Tangible fixed assets

Tangible fixed assets are initially measured at cost and subsequently measured at cost or valuation, net of depreciation and any impairment losses.

Depreciation is recognised so as to write off the cost or valuation of assets less their residual values over their useful lives on the following bases:

Fixtures and fittings
2 years straight line
Computers
3 years straight line

The gain or loss arising on the disposal of an asset is determined as the difference between the sale proceeds and the carrying value of the asset, and is recognised in the profit and loss account.

1.8
Fixed asset investments

In the parent company financial statements, investments in subsidiaries, are initially measured at cost and subsequently measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses.

A subsidiary is an entity controlled by the group. Control is the power to govern the financial and operating policies of the entity so as to obtain benefits from its activities.

1.9
Impairment of fixed assets

At each reporting period end date, the group reviews the carrying amounts of its tangible and intangible assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). Where it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs.

 

The carrying amount of the investments accounted for using the equity method is tested for impairment as a single asset. Any goodwill included in the carrying amount of the investment is not tested separately for impairment.

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.

 

If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash-generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation decrease.

Recognised impairment losses are reversed if, and only if, the reasons for the impairment loss have ceased to apply. Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset (or cash-generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the reversal of the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation increase.

Attest Technologies Limited
Notes to the Financial Statements (Continued)
For the period ended 31 December 2023
1
Accounting policies
(Continued)
Page 19
1.10
Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents are basic financial assets and include cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks, other short-term liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less, and bank overdrafts. Bank overdrafts are shown within borrowings in current liabilities.

1.11
Financial instruments

The group has elected to apply the provisions of Section 11 ‘Basic Financial Instruments’ and Section 12 ‘Other Financial Instruments Issues’ of FRS 102 to all of its financial instruments.

 

Financial instruments are recognised in the group's balance sheet when the group becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

 

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amounts presented in the financial statements when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Basic financial assets

Basic financial assets, which include debtors and cash and bank balances, are initially measured at transaction price including transaction costs and are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest method unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the transaction is measured at the present value of the future receipts discounted at a market rate of interest. Financial assets classified as receivable within one year are not amortised.

Other financial assets

Other financial assets, including investments in equity instruments which are not subsidiaries, associates or joint ventures, are initially measured at fair value, which is normally the transaction price. Such assets are subsequently carried at fair value and the changes in fair value are recognised in profit or loss, except that investments in equity instruments that are not publicly traded and whose fair values cannot be measured reliably are measured at cost less impairment.

Impairment of financial assets

Financial assets, other than those held at fair value through profit and loss, are assessed for indicators of impairment at each reporting end date.

 

Financial assets are impaired where there is objective evidence that, as a result of one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the financial asset, the estimated future cash flows have been affected. If an asset is impaired, the impairment loss is the difference between the carrying amount and the present value of the estimated cash flows discounted at the asset’s original effective interest rate. The impairment loss is recognised in profit or loss.

 

If there is a decrease in the impairment loss arising from an event occurring after the impairment was recognised, the impairment is reversed. The reversal is such that the current carrying amount does not exceed what the carrying amount would have been, had the impairment not previously been recognised. The impairment reversal is recognised in profit or loss.

Derecognition of financial assets

Financial assets are derecognised only when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire or are settled, or when the group transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to another entity, or if some significant risks and rewards of ownership are retained but control of the asset has transferred to another party that is able to sell the asset in its entirety to an unrelated third party.

Attest Technologies Limited
Notes to the Financial Statements (Continued)
For the period ended 31 December 2023
1
Accounting policies
(Continued)
Page 20
Classification of financial liabilities

Financial liabilities and equity instruments are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into. An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the group after deducting all of its liabilities.

Basic financial liabilities

Basic financial liabilities, including creditors, bank loans, loans from fellow group companies and preference shares that are classified as debt, are initially recognised at transaction price unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the debt instrument is measured at the present value of the future payments discounted at a market rate of interest. Financial liabilities classified as payable within one year are not amortised.

 

Debt instruments are subsequently carried at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method.

 

Trade creditors are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business from suppliers. Amounts payable are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less. If not, they are presented as non-current liabilities. Trade creditors are recognised initially at transaction price and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

Other financial liabilities

Derivatives, including interest rate swaps and forward foreign exchange contracts, are not basic financial instruments. Derivatives are initially recognised at fair value on the date a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at their fair value. Changes in the fair value of derivatives are recognised in profit or loss in finance costs or finance income as appropriate, unless hedge accounting is applied and the hedge is a cash flow hedge.

 

Debt instruments that do not meet the conditions in FRS 102 paragraph 11.9 are subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss. Debt instruments may be designated as being measured at fair value through profit or loss to eliminate or reduce an accounting mismatch or if the instruments are measured and their performance evaluated on a fair value basis in accordance with a documented risk management or investment strategy.

Derecognition of financial liabilities

Financial liabilities are derecognised when the group's contractual obligations expire or are discharged or cancelled.

1.12
Equity instruments

Equity instruments issued by the group are recorded at the proceeds received, net of transaction costs. Dividends payable on equity instruments are recognised as liabilities once they are no longer at the discretion of the group.

1.13
Taxation

The tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax.

Current tax

The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from net profit as reported in the profit and loss account because it excludes items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and it further excludes items that are never taxable or deductible. The group’s liability for current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting end date.

Attest Technologies Limited
Notes to the Financial Statements (Continued)
For the period ended 31 December 2023
1
Accounting policies
(Continued)
Page 21
Deferred tax

Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all timing differences and deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that they will be recovered against the reversal of deferred tax liabilities or other future taxable profits. Such assets and liabilities are not recognised if the timing difference arises from goodwill or from the initial recognition of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the tax profit nor the accounting profit.

 

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting end date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered. Deferred tax is calculated at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period when the liability is settled or the asset is realised. Deferred tax is charged or credited in the profit and loss account, except when it relates to items charged or credited directly to equity, in which case the deferred tax is also dealt with in equity. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if, and only if, there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities and the deferred tax assets and liabilities relate to taxes levied by the same tax authority.

1.14
Employee benefits

The costs of short-term employee benefits are recognised as a liability and an expense.

 

The cost of any unused holiday entitlement is recognised in the period in which the employee’s services are received.

 

Termination benefits are recognised immediately as an expense when the company is demonstrably committed to terminate the employment of an employee or to provide termination benefits.

1.15
Retirement benefits

Payments to defined contribution retirement benefit schemes are charged as an expense as they fall due.

1.16
Share-based payments

Equity-settled share-based payments are measured at fair value at the date of grant by reference to the fair value of the equity instruments granted using the Black Scholes model. The fair value determined at the grant date is expensed on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, based on the estimate of shares that will eventually vest. A corresponding adjustment is made to equity.

 

The expense in relation to options over the parent company’s shares granted to employees of a subsidiary is recognised by the company as a capital contribution, and presented as an increase in the company’s investment in that subsidiary.

1.17
Leases

Rentals payable under operating leases, including any lease incentives received, are charged to profit or loss on a straight line basis over the term of the relevant lease except where another more systematic basis is more representative of the time pattern in which economic benefits from the leased asset are consumed.

1.18
Foreign exchange

Transactions in currencies other than pounds sterling are recorded at the rates of exchange prevailing at the dates of the transactions. At each reporting end date, monetary assets and liabilities that are denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing on the reporting end date. Gains and losses arising on translation in the period are included in profit or loss.

Attest Technologies Limited
Notes to the Financial Statements (Continued)
For the period ended 31 December 2023
Page 22
2
Judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty

In the application of the group’s accounting policies, the directors are required to make judgements, estimates and assumptions about the carrying amount of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

 

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised where the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods where the revision affects both current and future periods.

Critical judgements
Indicators of impairment

Management has deemed no impairments to investments necessary, as the value of the investment in Attest Technologies Inc is generating ARR for the group.

3
Exceptional item
2023
2022
£
£
Legal fees and redundancy pay in respect of organisation restructuring
300,812
-
Professional fees in respect of transaction costs
227,178
-
527,990
-
4
Turnover and other revenue
2023
2022
£
£
Turnover analysed by geographical market
UK
7,319,784
6,122,427
USA
1,828,361
795,239
Europe
1,364,418
874,665
Rest of world
1,492,702
1,329,024
12,005,265
9,121,355
2023
2022
£
£
Other revenue
Interest income
155,950
105,136
Attest Technologies Limited
Notes to the Financial Statements (Continued)
For the period ended 31 December 2023
Page 23
5
Operating loss
2023
2022
£
£
Operating loss for the period is stated after charging/(crediting):
Exchange losses/(gains)
408,381
(2,542,610)
Depreciation of owned tangible fixed assets
104,534
56,792
Loss/(profit) on disposal of tangible fixed assets
340
(1,348)
Amortisation of intangible assets
28,729
19,890
Operating lease charges
1,056,544
917,363
6
Auditor's remuneration
2023
2022
Fees payable to the company's auditor and associates:
£
£
For audit services
Audit of the financial statements of the group and company
34,250
23,100
Audit of the financial statements of the company's subsidiaries
10,000
2,450
44,250
25,550
For other services
Taxation services
2,500
2,450
7
Employees

The average monthly number of persons (including directors) employed by the group and company during the period was:

Group
Company
2023
2022
2023
2022
Number
Number
Number
Number
126
139
102
121

Their aggregate remuneration comprised:

Group
Company
2023
2022
2023
2022
£
£
£
£
Wages and salaries
12,251,096
12,603,801
10,296,314
10,708,338
Social security costs
1,434,957
1,612,305
1,286,015
1,447,433
Pension costs
243,629
219,297
243,629
219,297
13,929,682
14,435,403
11,825,958
12,375,068
Attest Technologies Limited
Notes to the Financial Statements (Continued)
For the period ended 31 December 2023
Page 24
8
Directors' remuneration
2023
2022
£
£
Remuneration for qualifying services
461,746
539,278
Company pension contributions to defined contribution schemes
12,750
8,104
Loss of Office
-
402,607
474,496
949,989

The number of directors for whom retirement benefits are accruing under defined contribution schemes amounted to 2 (2022 - 2).

Remuneration disclosed above includes the following amounts paid to the highest paid director:
2023
2022
£
£
Remuneration for qualifying services
319,245
244,115
Company pension contributions to defined contribution schemes
8,250
6,268
9
Interest receivable and similar income
2023
2022
£
£
Interest income
Interest on bank deposits
155,950
105,136
10
Interest payable and similar expenses
2023
2022
£
£
Interest on bank overdrafts and loans
41
17
11
Taxation
2023
2022
£
£
Current tax
UK corporation tax on profits for the current period
(273,005)
(777,509)
Attest Technologies Limited
Notes to the Financial Statements (Continued)
For the period ended 31 December 2023
11
Taxation
(Continued)
Page 25

The actual credit for the period can be reconciled to the expected credit for the period based on the profit or loss and the standard rate of tax as follows:

2023
2022
£
£
Loss before taxation
(10,641,021)
(14,562,689)
Expected tax credit based on the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK of 23.17% (2022: 19.00%)
(2,465,525)
(2,766,911)
Tax effect of expenses that are not deductible in determining taxable profit
55,568
15,818
Change in unrecognised deferred tax assets
2,295,053
3,061,221
Other permanent differences
(33,750)
-
0
Effect of overseas tax rates
7,907
6,077
Under/(over) provided in prior years
-
0
(40)
Remeasurement of deferred tax for changes in tax rate
(149,257)
(744,756)
Additional deduction for R&D expenditure
(279,948)
(575,965)
Surrender of tax losses for R&D tax credit refund
280,373
241,345
Fixed asset differences
16,574
(14,298)
Taxation credit
(273,005)
(777,509)
12
Intangible fixed assets
Group
Domain
£
Cost
At 1 December 2022 and 31 December 2023
132,597
Amortisation and impairment
At 1 December 2022
19,890
Amortisation charged for the period
28,729
At 31 December 2023
48,619
Carrying amount
At 31 December 2023
83,978
At 30 November 2022
112,707
Attest Technologies Limited
Notes to the Financial Statements (Continued)
For the period ended 31 December 2023
12
Intangible fixed assets
(Continued)
Page 26
Company
Domain
£
Cost
At 1 December 2022 and 31 December 2023
132,597
Amortisation and impairment
At 1 December 2022
19,890
Amortisation charged for the period
28,729
At 31 December 2023
48,619
Carrying amount
At 31 December 2023
83,978
At 30 November 2022
112,707
13
Tangible fixed assets
Group
Fixtures and fittings
Computers
Total
£
£
£
Cost
At 1 December 2022
774
373,056
373,830
Additions
-
0
96,304
96,304
Disposals
(774)
(11,925)
(12,699)
Exchange adjustments
-
0
(527)
(527)
At 31 December 2023
-
0
456,908
456,908
Depreciation and impairment
At 1 December 2022
161
198,474
198,635
Depreciation charged in the period
387
104,147
104,534
Eliminated in respect of disposals
(548)
(7,540)
(8,088)
Exchange adjustments
-
0
(128)
(128)
At 31 December 2023
-
0
294,953
294,953
Carrying amount
At 31 December 2023
-
0
161,955
161,955
At 30 November 2022
613
174,582
175,195
Attest Technologies Limited
Notes to the Financial Statements (Continued)
For the period ended 31 December 2023
13
Tangible fixed assets
(Continued)
Page 27
Company
Fixtures and fittings
Computers
Total
£
£
£
Cost
At 1 December 2022
774
371,943
372,717
Additions
-
0
78,821
78,821
Disposals
(774)
(11,925)
(12,699)
At 31 December 2023
-
0
438,839
438,839
Depreciation and impairment
At 1 December 2022
161
197,647
197,808
Depreciation charged in the period
387
101,311
101,698
Eliminated in respect of disposals
(548)
(7,540)
(8,088)
At 31 December 2023
-
0
291,418
291,418
Carrying amount
At 31 December 2023
-
0
147,421
147,421
At 30 November 2022
613
174,296
174,909
14
Fixed asset investments
Group
Company
2023
2022
2023
2022
Notes
£
£
£
£
Investments in subsidiaries
15
-
0
-
0
8
8
Movements in fixed asset investments
Company
Shares in subsidiaries
£
Cost or valuation
At 1 December 2022 and 31 December 2023
8
Carrying amount
At 31 December 2023
8
At 30 November 2022
8
Attest Technologies Limited
Notes to the Financial Statements (Continued)
For the period ended 31 December 2023
Page 28
15
Subsidiaries

Details of the company's subsidiaries at 31 December 2023 are as follows:

Name of undertaking
Address
Nature of business
Class of shares held
% Held
Direct
Indirect
Attest Technologies, Inc.
1
Consumer insight technology
Ordinary
100.00
-

Registered office addresses (all UK unless otherwise indicated):

1
Corporation Trust Center, 1209 Orange Street, Wilmington, New Castle County, Delaware 19801, United States of America
16
Debtors
Group
Company
2023
2022
2023
2022
Amounts falling due within one year:
£
£
£
£
Trade debtors
2,550,502
1,663,056
2,289,629
1,533,149
Corporation tax recoverable
279,948
777,670
279,948
777,670
Amounts owed by group undertakings
-
-
1,085,215
-
Other debtors
19,997
198,776
345
177,747
Prepayments and accrued income
398,918
885,205
371,003
803,425
3,249,365
3,524,707
4,026,140
3,291,991
Amounts falling due after more than one year:
Other debtors
123,005
-
0
123,005
-
0
Total debtors
3,372,370
3,524,707
4,149,145
3,291,991

There are £40.7m (2022: £32.5m) of losses carried forward upon which there is no deferred tax asset.

17
Current asset investments
Group
Company
2023
2022
2023
2022
£
£
£
£
Fixed term deposits
-
5,970,149
-
5,970,149
Attest Technologies Limited
Notes to the Financial Statements (Continued)
For the period ended 31 December 2023
Page 29
18
Creditors: amounts falling due within one year
Group
Company
2023
2022
2023
2022
£
£
£
£
Trade creditors
155,676
409,523
148,390
299,553
Amounts owed to group undertakings
-
0
-
0
-
0
420,883
Other taxation and social security
357,700
581,330
343,613
581,330
Other creditors
38,874
166,370
38,874
157,946
Accruals and deferred income
5,880,838
5,879,617
4,869,285
5,092,507
6,433,088
7,036,840
5,400,162
6,552,219
19
Deferred taxation

In accordance with the Financial Reporting Standard 102 (FRS 102), the Group has considered the recognition of deferred tax assets in the preparation of its financial statements. Deferred tax assets arise from temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for taxation purposes.

 

As at 31 December 2023, the Group has a potential deferred tax asset of £10.1m, which has not been recognised in the financial statements. This deferred tax asset primarily relates to unused tax losses.

20
Retirement benefit schemes
2023
2022
Defined contribution schemes
£
£
Charge to profit or loss in respect of defined contribution schemes
243,629
219,297

A defined contribution pension scheme is operated for all qualifying employees. The assets of the scheme are held separately from those of the group in an independently administered fund.

Attest Technologies Limited
Notes to the Financial Statements (Continued)
For the period ended 31 December 2023
Page 30
21
Share-based payment transactions
Group
Number of share options
Weighted average exercise price
2023
2022
2023
2022
Number
Number
£
£
Outstanding at 1 December 2022
553,817
1,226,022
0.03
0.03
Granted
383,623
85,873
0.48
0.19
Exercised
(304,978)
(682,587)
0.05
0.01
Expired
(35,344)
(75,491)
0.33
0.14
Outstanding at 31 December 2023
597,118
553,817
0.29
0.05
Exercisable at 31 December 2023
101,877
248,356
-
-

 

The options outstanding at 31 December 2023 had an exercise price ranging from £0.0047 to £2.73, and a remaining contractual life of 9 years.

The weighted average fair value of options granted in the year was determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Black-Scholes model is considered to apply the most appropriate valuation method due to the relatively short contractual lives of the options and the requirement to exercise within a short period after the employee becomes entitled to the shares (the “vesting date”).

The expected life used in the model has been adjusted, based on management’s best estimate, for the effect of non-transferability, exercise restrictions, and behavioral considerations.

Non-vesting conditions and market conditions are taken into account when estimating the fair value of the option at grant date. Service conditions and non-market performance conditions are taken into account by adjusting the number of options expected to vest at each reporting date.

 

No share based payment charge has been recognised on the grounds that the charge is immaterial.

22
Share capital
Group and company
2023
2022
2023
2022
Ordinary share capital
Number
Number
£
£
Issued and fully paid
Ordinary shares of 0.000001p each
5,903,272
5,597,558
6
5
Seed shares of 0.000001p each
6,584,640
6,584,640
4
4
Series A shares of 0.000001p each
3,956,524
3,956,524
7
7
Series B shares of 0.000001p each
7,314,695
7,314,695
7
7
23,759,131
23,453,417
24
23
All shares rank pari-passu in respect of voting rights and distribution, except on liquidation or share sale. In repected of a ditribution or liquidation or share sale, the ranking is as follows from first priority: Series B, Series A, Seed and then Ordinary.
Attest Technologies Limited
Notes to the Financial Statements (Continued)
For the period ended 31 December 2023
22
Share capital
(Continued)
Page 31
On 23 December 2022, the company issued 4,929 Ordinary Shares at £0.0563 each and 17,016 Ordinary Shares at £0.0926 each for cash consideration.

On 9 January 2023, the company issued 805 Ordinary Shares at £0.0821 each for cash consideration.

On 6 February 2023, the company issued 1,992 Ordinary Shares at £0.0109 each, 93,008 Ordinary Shares at £0.0584 each, 101,729 Ordinary Shares at £0.0576 each, and 5,000 Ordinary Shares at £0.0109 each for cash consideration.

On 28 February 2023, the company issued 54,039 Ordinary Shares at £0.01 each for cash consideration.

On 1 May 2023, the company issued 74 Ordinary Shares at £0.0579 each, 162 Ordinary Shares at £0.0546 each, 975 Ordinary Shares at £0.0399 each, and 134 Ordinary Shares at £0.0406 each for cash consideration.

On 26 June 2023, the company issued 98 Ordinary Shares at £0.0538 each and 38 Ordinary Shares at £0.0579 each for cash consideration.

On 10 August 2023, the company issued 37 Ordinary Shares at £1.272 each, 147 Ordinary Shares at £0.048 each, 170 Ordinary Shares at £0.0493 each, 736 Ordinary Shares at £0.0848 each, 104 Ordinary Shares at £0.0776 each, 2,871 Ordinary Shares at £0.0616 each, 12,195 Ordinary Shares at £0.0047 each, 1,420 Ordinary Shares at £0.0871 each, and 71 Ordinary Shares at £0.0577 each for cash consideration.

On 18 August 2023, the company issued 126 Ordinary Shares at £0.0577 each and 30 Ordinary Shares at £2 each for cash consideration.

On 7 September 2023, the company issued 127 Ordinary Shares at £0.0395 each, 119 Ordinary Shares at £0.0501 each, 34 Ordinary Shares at £0.0871 each, 30 Ordinary Shares at £0.0825 each, 140 Ordinary Shares at £0.1152 each, 430 Ordinary Shares at £0.0762 each, and 29 Ordinary Shares at £0.0898 each for cash consideration.

On 19 September 2023, the company issued 199 Ordinary Shares at £0.0189 each, 26 Ordinary Shares at £0.0871 each, 38 Ordinary Shares at £0.1081 each, 1000 Ordinary Shares at £0.0109 each, 10 Ordinary Shares at £0.1081 each, 62 Ordinary Shares at £0.0731 each, 26 Ordinary Shares at £0.1044 each, and 21 Ordinary Shares at £0.0898 each for cash consideration.

On 24 October 2023, the company issued 833 Ordinary Shares at £0.0731 each, 14 Ordinary Shares at £0.0871 each, 14 Ordinary Shares at £0.1044 each, 78 Ordinary Shares at £0.0392 each, and 22 Ordinary Shares at £0.0892 each for cash consideration.
On 1 December 2023, the company issued 1,666 Ordinary Shares at £0.0786 each, 396 Ordinary Shares at £0.0538 each, 53 Ordinary Shares at £0.0825 each, 198 Ordinary Shares at £0.0221 each, 444 Ordinary Shares at £0.1001 each, 449 Ordinary Shares at £0.0417 each, and 370 Ordinary Shares at £0.1001 each for cash consideration.

On 15 December 2023, the company issued 3 Ordinary Shares at £0.1044 each, 131 Ordinary Shares at £0.0392 each, and 110 Ordinary Shares at £0.0399 each for cash consideration.
Attest Technologies Limited
Notes to the Financial Statements (Continued)
For the period ended 31 December 2023
Page 32
23
Operating lease commitments
Lessee

At the reporting end date the group had outstanding commitments for future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases, which fall due as follows:

Group
Company
2023
2022
2023
2022
£
£
£
£
Within one year
317,295
425,956
231,000
415,711
Between two and five years
-
405
-
405
317,295
426,361
231,000
416,116
24
Related party transactions
Remuneration of key management personnel

The remuneration of key management personnel is as follows.

2023
2022
£
£
Aggregate compensation
1,261,755
933,735
Other information

The company has taken exemption under section 33 Related Party Disclosures paragraph 33.1A from disclosing transactions with other members of a wholly owned group.

 

 

 

25
Controlling party

There is no ultimate controlling party.

Attest Technologies Limited
Notes to the Financial Statements (Continued)
For the period ended 31 December 2023
Page 33
26
Cash absorbed by group operations
2023
2022
£
£
Loss for the period after tax
(10,368,016)
(13,785,180)
Adjustments for:
Taxation credited
(273,005)
(777,509)
Finance costs
41
17
Investment income
(155,950)
(105,136)
Loss/(gain) on disposal of tangible fixed assets
340
(1,348)
Amortisation and impairment of intangible assets
28,729
19,890
Depreciation and impairment of tangible fixed assets
104,534
56,792
Movements in working capital:
Increase in debtors
(345,385)
(6,609,632)
(Decrease)/increase in creditors
(603,752)
2,100,352
Cash absorbed by operations
(11,612,464)
(19,101,754)
27
Analysis of changes in net funds - group
1 December 2022
Cash flows
31 December 2023
£
£
£
Cash at bank and in hand
16,761,199
(4,778,445)
11,982,754
2023-12-312022-12-01falseCCH SoftwareCCH Accounts Production 2024.210C H BryantJ B B KingD J P LaneE A Lincoln GordonC NordbyG BacuvierM LaffeyS AyubP 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