Registered number:
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
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PLU&M LIMITED
COMPANY INFORMATION
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PLU&M LIMITED
CONTENTS
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PLU&M LIMITED
GROUP STRATEGIC REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
The directors present their strategic report for the year ended 31 December 2023.
In FY2023, Plum Guide achieved record sales while also making significant reductions in operating costs, with a reduction in Administrative expenses of £3,306,623 and £5,303,860 improvement in operating loss. Our output per sales employee increase significantly and we continued to make significant improvement in Curation AI technology, enabled us to reduce the cost of acquiring a home further.
The Company faces operational and financial risks in the normal course of business, with the key risks, and the Company's approach to mitigating those risks, outlined below.
The Company faces risk from Government regulation in relation to Local and International travel restrictions which would have an impact on the ability for guests to travel and for hosts to accommodate those guests. We mitigate this risk through constant communication with guests and hosts as well as diversifying the location and types of accommodation we have on our Plum Guide platform.
In addition, Government regulations in local short-term rental markets can impact the business. We mitigate this by offering a variety of international city and holiday destinations.
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PLU&M LIMITED
GROUP STRATEGIC REPORT (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
The travel industry is highly competitive and comprises a number of companies providing short-term rentals. Competition may reduce fee structures which would put pressure on our profit margins. The highly variable nature of marketing spend enables the Company to react to fee changes.
Credit risk The company has a large number of small customers who pay for holidays creating a risk of customers having insufficient credit, but this risk is mitigated through the fact that customers are in the large majority required to pay upfront before the booking is confirmed. Liquidity risk As the Company is loss making, it faces the risk of having insufficient cash to meet its obligations as they fall due. The Company addresses this risk through active cash management strategies, including raising additional shareholder funds and use of third-party debt facilities. Fraud risk The Company faces the risk of fraudulent bookings and chargebacks due to fraud. To mitigate this risk we have proprietary fraud prevention software to prevent fraudulent bookings being accepted and to verify customers. Post balance sheet events The directors confirm there have been no significant events affecting the Group since the year end.
This report was approved by the board on 15 October 2024 and signed on its behalf.
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PLU&M LIMITED
DIRECTORS' REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
The directors present their report and the financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2023.
The Company's principal activity during the year continued to be the development of an online marketplace for luxury home rentals.
The directors are responsible for preparing the Group Strategic Report, the Directors' Report and the consolidated financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.
In preparing these financial statements, the directors are required to:
∙select suitable accounting policies for the Group's financial statements and then apply them consistently;
∙make judgments and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent;
∙state whether applicable UK Accounting Standards have been followed, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements;
∙prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the Group will continue in business.
The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the Company's transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Company and the Group and to enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Company and the Group and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.
The loss for the year, after taxation, amounted to £4,455,767 (2022 - loss £9,973,320).
The directors who served during the year were:
There were no political donations in the period.
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PLU&M LIMITED
DIRECTORS' REPORT (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
Directors' and officers' insurance cover has been established for all directors to provide appropriate cover for their reasonable actions on behalf of the Company. A deed was executed in 2019 indemnifying each of the directors of the Company and/or its subsidiaries as a supplement to the directors' and officers' insurance cover. The indemnities, which constitute a qualifying third-party indemnity provision as defined by section 234 of the Companies Act 2006, were in force during the 2023 financial year.
After reviewing the Group's forecasts and considering its position at year end, and cash reserves, the directors have a reasonable expectation that the Company has adequate resources to continue in operational existence and meet its liabilities and obligations for a period of not less than 12 months from the date of approval of these financial statements.
In determining the going concern, the Group has modelled 3 scenarios. Scenario 1 Sales will continue at the average of the level of the last 6 months for the next 15 months. Scenario 2 Sales will continue at 10% lower than average of the last 6 months for the next 15 months. Scenario 3 Sales will continue at June levels for the next 15 months. This is the worst case scenario and the Group would make significant changes to their operating costs should this continue. Despite the likelihood that the Group would make changes, in order to be prudent in all scenarios the Group have assumed no improvements to operating costs or margins and no reductions in headcount. In all scenarios, the Group will still have significant runway and cash reserves and therefore management believes Plum Guide remains a going concern. Purchase of own shares On 13 March 2023, the Company purchased 1,100,000 of their own Deferred Shares are £0.0001 each. These were subsequently cancelled on the same day.
Likely future developments for Plum Guide are to expand our supply across Europe and North America to have the largest collection of the world's most remarkable homes.
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PLU&M LIMITED
DIRECTORS' REPORT (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
The auditors, Xeinadin Audit Limited, will be proposed for reappointment in accordance with section 485 of the Companies Act 2006.
This report was approved by the board on
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PLU&M LIMITED
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF PLU&M LIMITED
We have audited the financial statements of Plu&m Limited (the 'parent Company') and its subsidiaries (the 'Group') for the year ended 31 December 2023, which comprise the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income, the Consolidated Balance Sheet, the Company Balance Sheet, the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows, the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity, the Company Statement of Changes in Equity and the related notes, including a summary of significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including Financial Reporting Standard 102 ‘The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland' (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditors' responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the Group in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the United Kingdom, including the Financial Reporting Council's Ethical Standard and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.
In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate.
Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the Group's or the parent Company's ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue.
Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report.
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PLU&M LIMITED
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF PLU&M LIMITED (CONTINUED)
The other information comprises the information included in the Annual Report other than the financial statements and our Auditors' Report thereon. The directors are responsible for the other information contained within the Annual Report. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact.
We have nothing to report in this regard.
In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit:
∙the information given in the Group Strategic Report and the Directors' Report for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and
∙the Group Strategic Report and the Directors' Report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.
In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the Group and the parent Company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the Group Strategic Report or the Directors' Report.
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PLU&M LIMITED
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF PLU&M LIMITED (CONTINUED)
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an Auditors' Report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these Group financial statements.
Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud. The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below:
∙Enquiry of management and those charged with governance around actual and potential litigation and claims to identify any instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations;
∙Reviewing financial statement disclosures and testing to supporting documentation to assess compliance with applicable laws and regulations;
∙Performing audit work over the risk of management override of controls, including testing of journals entries and other adjustments for appropriateness, evaluating the business rationale of significant transactions outside the normal course of business and reviewing accounting estimates for bias.
∙Obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities or business activities within the Group to express an opinion on the consolidated financial statements. We are responsible for the direction, supervision and performance of the Group audit. We remain solely responsible for our audit opinion.
Firstly, the Group is subject to laws and regulations that directly affect the financial statements including financial reporting legislation (including related companies legislation), distributable profit legislation and taxation legislation and we assessed the extend of compliance with these laws and regulations as part of our procedures on the related financial statement lines.
Secondly, the Group is subject to many other laws and regulations where the consequences of non-compliance could have a material effect on amounts or disclosures in the financial statements, for instance the imposition of fines or litigation. Auditing standards limit the required audit procedures to identify non-compliance with these laws and regulations to enquiry of the directors and other management and inspection of regulatory and legal correspondences, if any. Therefore, if a breach of operational regulation is not disclosed to us or evident from relevant correspondence, an audit will not detect that breach.
Because of the inherent limitations of an audit, there is a risk that we will not detect all irregularities, including those leading to a material misstatement in the financial statements or non-compliance with regulation. This risk increases the more that compliance with a law or regulation is removed from the events and transactions reflected in the financial statements, as we will be less likely to become aware of instances of non-compliance. The risk is also greater regarding irregularities occurring due to fraud rather than error, as fraud involves intentional concealment, forgery, collusion, omission or misrepresentation.
We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit.
A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial Reporting Council's website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our Auditors' Report.
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PLU&M LIMITED
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF PLU&M LIMITED (CONTINUED)
This report is made solely to the Company's members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the Company's members those matters we are required to state to them in an Auditors' Report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the Company and the Company's members, as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.
for and on behalf of
Chartered Accountants
Statutory Auditors
8th Floor
Becket House
36 Old Jewry
EC2R 8DD
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PLU&M LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
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PLU&M LIMITED
REGISTERED NUMBER: 09811319
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2023
The financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the board and were signed on its behalf on 15 October 2024.
The notes on pages 18 to 38 form part of these financial statements.
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PLU&M LIMITED
REGISTERED NUMBER: 09811319
COMPANY BALANCE SHEET
AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2023
The financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the board and were signed on its behalf on
The notes on pages 18 to 38 form part of these financial statements.
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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022
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PLU&M LIMITED
COMPANY STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
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PLU&M LIMITED
COMPANY STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2022
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PLU&M LIMITED
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
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PLU&M LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
Plu&m Limited is a private company limited by shares incorporated in England and Wales. The address of the registered office is given in the company information page of these financial statements.
The nature of the company's operations and principal activities recorded in the Strategic Report and the Directors Report.
2.Accounting policies
The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention unless otherwise specified within these accounting policies and in accordance with Financial Reporting Standard 102, the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and the Republic of Ireland and the Companies Act 2006.
The preparation of financial statements in compliance with FRS 102 requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires Group management to exercise judgment in applying the Group's accounting policies (see note 3).
The Company has taken advantage of the exemption allowed under section 408 of the Companies Act 2006 and has not presented its own Statement of Comprehensive Income in these financial statements.
The following principal accounting policies have been applied:
The consolidated financial statements present the results of the Company and its own subsidiaries ("the Group") as if they form a single entity. Intercompany transactions and balances between group companies are therefore eliminated in full.
The consolidated financial statements incorporate the results of business combinations using the purchase method. In the Balance Sheet, the acquiree's identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities are initially recognised at their fair values at the acquisition date. The results of acquired operations are included in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income from the date on which control is obtained. They are deconsolidated from the date control ceases. In accordance with the transitional exemption available in FRS 102, the Group has chosen not to retrospectively apply the standard to business combinations that occurred before the date of transition to FRS 102.
After reviewing the Group's forecasts and considering its position at year end, and cash reserves, the directors have a reasonable expectation that the Group has adequate resources to continue in operational existence and meet its liabilities and obligations for a period of not less than 12 months from the date of approval of these financial statements. As per forecasts and post year end results management is confident that the group has enough cash and current assets to continue as a going concern.
Management has modelled their going concern assesment based on a upside, base and low case scenario. All scenario's indicated that the Group will have sufficient cash resources. Therefore the Group continues to adopt the going concern basis in preparing its financial statements.
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PLU&M LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
2.Accounting policies (continued)
Functional and presentation currency
Transactions and balances
Turnover is recognised at the fair value of the consideration receivable for services provided. Turnover is shown net of Valued Added Tax and other sales related taxes. The fair value of the consideration takes into account discounts.
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PLU&M LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
2.Accounting policies (continued)
If it is not possible to distinguish between the research phase and the development phase of an internal project, the expenditure is treated as if it were all incurred in the research phase only.
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PLU&M LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
2.Accounting policies (continued)
The fair value of the award also takes into account non-vesting conditions. These are either factors beyond the control of either party (such as a target based on an index) or factors which are within the control of one or other of the parties (such as the Group keeping the scheme open or the employee maintaining any contributions required by the scheme). Where the terms and conditions of options are modified before they vest, the increase in the fair value of the options, measured immediately before and after the modification, is also charged to profit or loss over the remaining vesting period. Where equity instruments are granted to persons other than employees, profit or loss is charged with fair value of goods and services received.
Depreciation is charged so as to allocate the cost of assets less their residual value over their estimated useful lives, using the straight-line method.
Depreciation is provided on the following basis:
The assets' residual values, useful lives and depreciation methods are reviewed, and adjusted prospectively if appropriate, or if there is an indication of a significant change since the last reporting date.
Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing the proceeds with the carrying amount and are recognised in profit or loss.
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PLU&M LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
2.Accounting policies (continued)
The Group has elected to apply the provisions of Section 11 “Basic Financial Instruments” of FRS 102 to all of its financial instruments.
The Group has elected to apply the recognition and measurement provisions of IFRS 9 Financial Instruments (as adopted by the UK Endorsement Board) with the disclosure requirements of Sections 11 and 12 and the other presentation requirements of FRS 102.
Financial instruments are recognised in the Group's Balance Sheet when the Group becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.
Financial assets and liabilities are offset, with the net amounts presented in the financial statements, when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
Basic financial assets
Basic financial assets, which include trade and other receivables, cash and bank balances, are initially measured at their transaction price including transaction costs and are subsequently carried at their amortised cost using the effective interest method, less any provision for impairment, unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the transaction is measured at the present value of the future receipts discounted at a market rate of interest.
Discounting is omitted where the effect of discounting is immaterial. The Group's cash and cash equivalents, trade and most other receivables due with the operating cycle fall into this category of financial instruments.
Impairment of financial assets
Financial assets are assessed for indicators of impairment at each reporting date.
Financial assets are impaired when events, subsequent to their initial recognition, indicate the estimated future cash flows derived from the financial asset(s) have been adversely impacted. The impairment loss will be the difference between the current carrying amount and the present value of the future cash flows at the asset(s) original effective interest rate.
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PLU&M LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
2.Accounting policies (continued)
If there is a favourable change in relation to the events surrounding the impairment loss then the impairment can be reviewed for possible reversal. The reversal will not cause the current carrying amount to exceed the original carrying amount had the impairment not been recognised. The impairment reversal is recognised in the profit or loss.
Financial liabilities
Financial liabilities and equity instruments are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into. An equity instruments any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the Group after the deduction of all its liabilities.
Basic financial liabilities, which include trade and other payables, bank loans, other loans and loans due to fellow group companies are initially measured at their transaction price after transaction costs. When this constitutes a financing transaction, whereby the debt instrument is measured at the present value of the future receipts discounted at a market rate of interest. Discounting is omitted where the effect of discounting is immaterial.
Debt instruments are subsequently carried at their amortised cost using the effective interest rate method.
Trade payables are obligations to pay for goods and services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business from suppliers. Trade payables are classified as current liabilities if the payment is due within one year. If not, they represent non-current liabilities. Trade payables are initially recognised at their transaction price and subsequently are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Discounting is omitted where the effect of discounting is immaterial.
Derecognition of financial instruments
Derecognition of financial assets
Financial assets are derecognised when their contractual right to future cash flow expire, or are settled, or when the Group transfers the asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to another party. If significant risks and rewards of ownership are retained after the transfer to another party, then the Group will continue to recognise the value of the portion of the risks and rewards retained.
Derecognition of financial liabilities
Financial liabilities are derecognised when the Group's contractual obligations expire or are discharged or cancelled.
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PLU&M LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
Fair value of loan The Company has entered into a loan agreement with Silicon Valley Bank ("SVB") which required the Company to also enter into an agreement to issue warrant options to SVB as a part of the arrangement. Management has recognised the loan as a financial liability using the amortised cost method. On initial recognition, the loan is measured at transaction price net of any transaction costs (including the cost of the warrants issued). Convertible loans The proceeds received from the issue of convertible debt instruments are measured at fair value as a liability element at the date of issue and remeasured at the statement of financial position date. The fair value movement is taken to the profit and loss. Deferred income tax assets Deferred income tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profit will be available against which the temporary differences can be utilised. Management have determined that it is not appropriate to recognise a deferred tax asset at the Statement of Financial Position date. Share based payments The Company has used the Black Scholes valuation model to determine the fair value of share based payments. Any changes to the assumptions used (including share price, volatility, risk free rate & dividends) by management will impact the valuation. Due to the lack of available data relating to the value of ordinary shares, there is judgement involved in determining the share price of the ordinary shares for the purposes of calculating the share based payment charge. A discounted price, based on the price of relevant funding round share issues, has been used to determine the share price of ordinary shares for changes to the share based payment charges as calculated. Management have determined that there are no key sources of estimation uncertainty.
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PLU&M LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
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PLU&M LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
Page 26
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PLU&M LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
There were no factors that may affect future tax charges.
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PLU&M LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
Page 28
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PLU&M LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
13.Tangible fixed assets (continued)
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PLU&M LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
Page 30
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PLU&M LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
Page 31
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PLU&M LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
Page 32
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PLU&M LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
Page 33
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PLU&M LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
Page 34
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PLU&M LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
Share premium account
Foreign exchange reserve
Other reserves
Profit and loss account
Page 35
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PLU&M LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
Page 36
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PLU&M LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
22.Share-based payments (continued)
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PLU&M LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
The Group operates a defined contributions pension scheme. The assets of the scheme are held separately from those of the Group in an independently administered fund. The pension cost charge represents contributions payable by the Group to the fund and amounted to £75,508 (2022: £124,373). Contributions totalling £18,529 (2022: £19,107) were payable to the fund at the reporting date and are included in creditors.
There is no ultimate controlling party.
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