Lake Bridge International Plc
Annual Report and Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 July 2023
Company Registration No. 09517223 (England and Wales)
Lake Bridge International Plc
Company Information
Directors
V Kisilevsky
E Groysman
(Appointed 14 June 2024)
Company number
09517223
Registered office
Buchanan House
30 Holborn
London
EC1N 2HS
Auditor
Moore Kingston Smith LLP
6th Floor
9 Appold Street
London
EC2A 2AP
Lake Bridge International Plc
Contents
Page
Strategic report
1 - 2
Directors' report
3
Directors' responsibilities statement
4
Independent auditor's report
5 - 8
Profit and loss account
9
Balance sheet
10
Statement of changes in equity
11
Notes to the financial statements
13 - 19
Lake Bridge International Plc
Strategic Report
For the year ended 31 July 2023
Page 1
The directors present the strategic report for the year ended 31 July 2023.
Fair review of the business
The result for the year ended 31 July 2023, and the company’s financial position at the end of the year, are shown in the financial statements.
The profit and loss account for the year shows a total comprehensive profit for the year of £37,990(2022: £12,294).
Principal risks and uncertainties
The company (alongside the group as outlined in note 13) continued enhancing its management team, risk management strategies and internal control processes throughout the year. The directors and management consider the key risks and uncertainties affecting the company’s business to be: the general economic environment; global interest rates; reputational risks;regulatory risks; liquidity and credit risks.
While the company’s management has developed specific plans to deal with each of those risk areas and the directors consider such plans to be adequate, not all risk factors are within management’s control. Other risks and uncertainties not listed above could also affect the company. The directors continually monitor credit risk and perform recoverability assessments at year end based on their credit risk exposure assessments.
Key performance indicators
The directors have identified a number of Key Performance Indicators for the company. For reasons of commercial confidentiality the directors resolved that further detail can be provided on request and at the company's discretion.
Corporate governance
The company has progressed with its phased implementation plan of the principles it adopted from “Corporate Governance Guidance and Principles for Unlisted Companies in the UK”, published by the Institute of Directors and the European Confederation of Directors' Associations.The directors consider the company's governance arrangements to be sufficient after taking account of the complexity of the business.
Section 172(1) statement
This section of the Strategic Report describes how the Directors have had regard to the matters set out in section 172(1) (a) to (f), and forms the Directors' statement required under section 414C(11) of The Companies Act 2006. The Directors consider that they have, in good faith, promoted the success of the Company for the benefit of its members as a whole, and in doing so have regard (amongst other matters) to:
Long-term decisions
The Board is focused on the long term success of the Company and makes decisions to deliver long-term security and commercial performance. All key decisions are scrutinised by the Board and assessed on the balance of risk,reward and overall strategy in line with the code of corporate governance.
Employees
The company has no employees other than directors.
Business relationships
The Company has been built on solid relationships with its customers and professional advisers. We are reliant on external suppliers for a small number of key specialist services such as legal, audit and advisory. The Company believes in fair treatment of suppliers who are all paid within the agreed engagement terms.
Lake Bridge International Plc
Strategic Report (Continued)
For the year ended 31 July 2023
Page 2
Community and environment
The Company has limited physical presence, operates digitally, and minimal travel is undertaken. The Company seeks to be as efficient and environmentally friendly as it can be, with regular reviews of how this can be improved.
The Company, and the group it belongs to, contributes to charities and other worthy bodies who provide support in the local community. Separately, members of the Board dedicate their time and resources to good causes and are encoraged and supported to do so and are encoraged and supported to do so.
Business conduct
The Company has been built on its impeccable conduct and high business standards. The Board recognise the value in maintaining these vales and the reputation which has been built on them. All Board members are expected to adhere to these standards which are regularly communicated throughout the Company.
Communication, monitoring, and review are key to the Company maintaining the high ethical standards and conduct expected. Risks to the business are continually monitored and communicated within the Company to promote high business standards.
Interaction between members
The Board acts in the best interests of all of its members, ensuring a consistent and impartial approach is taken, aiming for a fair outcome for all. The Board are committed to clear and frequent communications with its members.
V Kisilevsky
Director
21 October 2024
Lake Bridge International Plc
Directors' Report
For the year ended 31 July 2023
Page 3
The directors present their annual report and financial statements for the year ended 31 July 2023.
Principal activities
The principal activity of the company continued to be that of operating as a special purpose finance vehicle within and for the Global University Systems Group (controlling party is outlined in note 13).
Directors
The directors who held office during the year and up to the date of signature of the financial statements were as follows:
O Wehlau
(Resigned 14 June 2024)
V Kisilevsky
E Groysman
(Appointed 14 June 2024)
Auditor
Moore Kingston Smith LLP were appointed as auditor to the company and in accordance with section 485 of the Companies Act 2006, a resolution proposing that they be re-appointed will be put at a General Meeting.
Energy and carbon report
As the company has not consumed more than 40,000 kWh of energy in this reporting period, it qualifies as a low energy user under these regulations and is not required to report on its emissions, energy consumption or energy efficiency activities.
Statement of disclosure to auditor
So far as each person who was a director at the date of approving this report is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the company’s auditor is unaware. Additionally, the directors individually have taken all the necessary steps that they ought to have taken as directors in order to make themselves aware of all relevant audit information and to establish that the company’s auditor is aware of that information.
On behalf of the board
V Kisilevsky
Director
21 October 2024
Lake Bridge International Plc
Directors' Responsibilities Statement
For the year ended 31 July 2023
Page 4
The directors are responsible for preparing the annual report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.
Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the directors have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (United Kingdom Accounting Standards and applicable law). Under company law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the company and of the profit or loss of the company for that period. In preparing these financial statements, the directors are required to:
select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;
make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent;
state whether applicable UK Accounting Standards have been followed, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements;
prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the company will continue in business.
The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the company’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the company and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.
Lake Bridge International Plc
Independent Auditor's Report
To the Members of Lake Bridge International Plc
Page 5
Opinion
We have audited the financial statements of Lake Bridge International Plc (the 'company') for the year ended 31 July 2023 which comprise the Profit and Loss Account, the Balance Sheet, the Statement of Changes in Equity, the Statement of Cash Flows and notes to the financial statements, including significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including FRS 102 The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).
In our opinion the financial statements:
give a true and fair view of the state of the company's affairs as at 31 July 2023 and of its profit for the year then ended;
have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and
have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.
Conclusions relating to going concern
In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate.
Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the company's ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue.
Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report.
The other information comprises the information included in the annual report, other than the financial statements and our auditor's report thereon. The directors are responsible for the other information contained within the annual report. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.
Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact.
We have nothing to report in this regard.
Lake Bridge International Plc
Independent Auditor's Report (Continued)
To the Members of Lake Bridge International Plc
Page 6
Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006
In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of our audit:
the information given in the Strategic Report and the Directors' Report for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and
the Strategic Report and the Directors' Report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.
Matters on which we are required to report by exception
In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the strategic report and the directors' report. We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:
adequate accounting records have not been kept, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or
the financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or
certain disclosures of remuneration specified by law are not made; or
we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.
Responsibilities of directors
As explained more fully in the Directors' Responsibilities Statement, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.
Lake Bridge International Plc
Independent Auditor's Report (Continued)
To the Members of Lake Bridge International Plc
Page 7
Auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor's report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.
As part of an audit in accordance with ISAs (UK) we exercise professional judgement and maintain professional scepticism throughout the audit. We also:
Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.
Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purposes of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the company’s internal control.
Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by the directors.
Conclude on the appropriateness of the directors’ use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the company’s ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor’s report to the related disclosures in the financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor’s report. However, future events or conditions may cause the company to cease to continue as a going concern.
Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the financial statements, including the disclosures, and whether the financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation.
We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit.
Lake Bridge International Plc
Independent Auditor's Report (Continued)
To the Members of Lake Bridge International Plc
Page 8
Explanation as to what extent the audit was considered capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud
Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud. The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below.
The objectives of our audit in respect of fraud, are; to identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements due to fraud; to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the assessed risks of material misstatement due to fraud, through designing and implementing appropriate responses to those assessed risks; and to respond appropriately to instances of fraud or suspected fraud identified during the audit. However, the primary responsibility for the prevention and detection of fraud rests with both management and those charged with governance of the company.
Our approach was as follows:
We obtained an understanding of the legal and regulatory requirements applicable to the company and considered that the most significant are the Companies Act 2006, UK financial reporting standards as issued by the Financial Reporting Council, and UK taxation legislation.
We obtained an understanding of how the company complies with these requirements by discussions with management and those charged with governance.
We assessed the risk of material misstatement of the financial statements, including the risk of material misstatement due to fraud and how it might occur, by holding discussions with management and those charged with governance.
We inquired of management and those charged with governance as to any known instances of non-compliance or suspected non-compliance with laws and regulations.
Based on this understanding, we designed specific appropriate audit procedures to identify instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. This included making enquiries of management and those charged with governance and obtaining additional corroborative evidence as required.
There are inherent limitations in the audit procedures described above. We are less likely to become aware of instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations that are not closely related to events and transactions reflected in the financial statements. Also, the risk of not detecting a material misstatement due to fraud is higher than the risk of not detecting one resulting from error, as fraud may involve deliberate concealment by, for example, forgery or intentional misrepresentations, or through collusion.
This report is made solely to the company's members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company's members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor's report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the company's members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.
Shivani Kothari
Senior Statutory Auditor
for and on behalf of Moore Kingston Smith LLP
22 October 2024
Chartered Accountants
Statutory Auditor
6th Floor
9 Appold Street
London
EC2A 2AP
Lake Bridge International Plc
Profit and Loss Account
For the year ended 31 July 2023
Page 9
2023
2022
Notes
£
£
Turnover
27,964,769
17,210,194
Cost of sales
(27,895,032)
(17,167,276)
Gross profit
69,737
42,918
Administrative expenses
(31,747)
(30,624)
Profit before taxation
37,990
12,294
Tax on profit
6
Profit for the financial year
37,990
12,294
Lake Bridge International Plc
Balance Sheet
As at 31 July 2023
Page 10
2023
2022
Notes
£
£
£
£
Current assets
Debtors
7
532,878,363
504,924,091
Creditors: amounts falling due within one year
8
(157,544,495)
(129,628,213)
Net current assets
375,333,868
375,295,878
Creditors: amounts falling due after more than one year
9
(298,890,001)
(298,890,001)
Net assets
76,443,867
76,405,877
Capital and reserves
Called up share capital
11
53,100
53,100
Share premium account
80,684,632
80,684,632
Profit and loss reserves
(4,293,865)
(4,331,855)
Total equity
76,443,867
76,405,877
The financial statements were approved by the board of directors and authorised for issue on 21 October 2024 and are signed on its behalf by:
V Kisilevsky
Director
Company Registration No. 09517223
Lake Bridge International Plc
Statement of Changes in Equity
For the year ended 31 July 2023
Page 11
Share capital
Share premium account
Profit and loss reserves
Total
£
£
£
£
Balance at 1 August 2021
53,100
80,684,632
(4,344,149)
76,393,583
Year ended 31 July 2022:
Profit and total comprehensive income for the year
-
-
12,294
12,294
Balance at 31 July 2022
53,100
80,684,632
(4,331,855)
76,405,877
Year ended 31 July 2023:
Profit and total comprehensive income for the year
-
-
37,990
37,990
Balance at 31 July 2023
53,100
80,684,632
(4,293,865)
76,443,867
Lake Bridge International Plc
Statement of Cash Flows
For the year ended 31 July 2023
Page 12
2023
2022
Notes
£
£
£
£
Cash flows from operating activities
-
-
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
Lake Bridge International Plc
Notes to the Financial Statements
For the year ended 31 July 2023
Page 13
1
Accounting policies
Company information
Lake Bridge International Plc is a private company limited by shares incorporated in England and Wales. The registered office is Buchanan House, 30 Holborn, London, EC1N 2HS.
1.1
Accounting convention
These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with FRS 102 “The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland” (“FRS 102”) and the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.
The financial statements are prepared in sterling, which is the functional currency of the company. Monetary amounts in these financial statements are rounded to the nearest £.
The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention, modified to include certain financial instruments at fair value. The principal accounting policies adopted are set out below.
1.2
Going concern
The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis which the directors believe to be appropriate for the following reason. The company is reliant on the support of other group companies as a result of the way that the group is financed. Global University Systems Holding B.V. has agreed to continue to provide financial and other support to the company for the foreseeable future to enable it to continue to meet all of its debts as and when they fall due.true
As a result, having assessed the response of the directors of Global University Systems Holding B.V., in light of its support and on the basis of his assessment of the company's financial position and Global University Systems Holding B.V. financial position, the directors have a reasonable expectation that the company will be able to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future and continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting in preparing the financial statements.
1.3
Turnover
Interest income is recognised when it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the company and the amount of revenue can be measured reliably. Interest income is accrued on a time basis, by reference to the principal outstanding and the effective interest rate applicable.
1.4
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents are basic financial assets and include cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks, other short-term liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less, and bank overdrafts. Bank overdrafts are shown within borrowings in current liabilities.
1.5
Financial instruments
The company has elected to apply the provisions of Section 11 ‘Basic Financial Instruments’ and Section 12 ‘Other Financial Instruments Issues’ of FRS 102 to all of its financial instruments.
Financial instruments are recognised in the company's balance sheet when the company becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.
Financial assets and liabilities are offset, with the net amounts presented in the financial statements, when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
Lake Bridge International Plc
Notes to the Financial Statements (Continued)
For the year ended 31 July 2023
1
Accounting policies
(Continued)
Page 14
Basic financial assets
Basic financial assets, which include debtors and cash and bank balances, are initially measured at transaction price including transaction costs and are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest method unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the transaction is measured at the present value of the future receipts discounted at a market rate of interest. Financial assets classified as receivable within one year are not amortised.
Other financial assets
Other financial assets, including investments in equity instruments which are not subsidiaries, associates or joint ventures, are initially measured at fair value, which is normally the transaction price. Such assets are subsequently carried at fair value and the changes in fair value are recognised in profit or loss, except that investments in equity instruments that are not publicly traded and whose fair values cannot be measured reliably are measured at cost less impairment.
Impairment of financial assets
Financial assets, other than those held at fair value through profit and loss, are assessed for indicators of impairment at each reporting end date.
Financial assets are impaired where there is objective evidence that, as a result of one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the financial asset, the estimated future cash flows have been affected. If an asset is impaired, the impairment loss is the difference between the carrying amount and the present value of the estimated cash flows discounted at the asset’s original effective interest rate. The impairment loss is recognised in profit or loss.
If there is a decrease in the impairment loss arising from an event occurring after the impairment was recognised, the impairment is reversed. The reversal is such that the current carrying amount does not exceed what the carrying amount would have been, had the impairment not previously been recognised. The impairment reversal is recognised in profit or loss.
Derecognition of financial assets
Financial assets are derecognised only when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire or are settled, or when the company transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to another entity, or if some significant risks and rewards of ownership are retained but control of the asset has transferred to another party that is able to sell the asset in its entirety to an unrelated third party.
Classification of financial liabilities
Financial liabilities and equity instruments are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into. An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the company after deducting all of its liabilities.
Lake Bridge International Plc
Notes to the Financial Statements (Continued)
For the year ended 31 July 2023
1
Accounting policies
(Continued)
Page 15
Basic financial liabilities
Basic financial liabilities, including creditors, bank loans, loans from fellow group companies and preference shares that are classified as debt, are initially recognised at transaction price unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the debt instrument is measured at the present value of the future payments discounted at a market rate of interest. Financial liabilities classified as payable within one year are not amortised.
Debt instruments are subsequently carried at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method.
Trade creditors are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business from suppliers. Amounts payable are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less. If not, they are presented as non-current liabilities. Trade creditors are recognised initially at transaction price and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.
Other financial liabilities
Derivatives, including interest rate swaps and forward foreign exchange contracts, are not basic financial instruments. Derivatives are initially recognised at fair value on the date a derivative contract is entered into and are subsequently re-measured at their fair value. Changes in the fair value of derivatives are recognised in profit or loss in finance costs or finance income as appropriate, unless hedge accounting is applied and the hedge is a cash flow hedge.
Debt instruments that do not meet the conditions in FRS 102 paragraph 11.9 are subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss. Debt instruments may be designated as being measured at fair value through profit or loss to eliminate or reduce an accounting mismatch or if the instruments are measured and their performance evaluated on a fair value basis in accordance with a documented risk management or investment strategy.
Derecognition of financial liabilities
Financial liabilities are derecognised when the company’s contractual obligations expire or are discharged or cancelled.
1.6
Equity instruments
Equity instruments issued by the company are recorded at the proceeds received, net of transaction costs. Dividends payable on equity instruments are recognised as liabilities once they are no longer at the discretion of the company.
1.7
Employee benefits
The costs of short-term employee benefits are recognised as a liability and an expense, unless those costs are required to be recognised as part of the cost of stock or fixed assets.
The cost of any unused holiday entitlement is recognised in the period in which the employee’s services are received.
Termination benefits are recognised immediately as an expense when the company is demonstrably committed to terminate the employment of an employee or to provide termination benefits.
1.8
Foreign exchange
Transactions in currencies other than pounds sterling are recorded at the rates of exchange prevailing at the dates of the transactions. At each reporting end date, monetary assets and liabilities that are denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing on the reporting end date. Gains and losses arising on translation in the period are included in profit or loss.
Lake Bridge International Plc
Notes to the Financial Statements (Continued)
For the year ended 31 July 2023
Page 16
2
Judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty
In the application of the company’s accounting policies, the directors are required to make judgements, estimates and assumptions about the carrying amount of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised where the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods where the revision affects both current and future periods.
The principal judgement made by directors is in respect of the recoverable amount on amounts due by group companies. The directors perform credit risk assessments by reference to a range of credit characteristics of the debtors as well as by reference to wider economic factors which could impact the ability of the debtors to comply with the terms of the loans as well as an assessment of the likelihood and timing of any restructuring which may affect the ability of the company to recover the balances. The directors have also had regard to a guarantee issued by Global University Systems Holding B.V., which has control over all debtor entities, in respect of intercompany debts and have considered the current and expected financial position of that company in forming an assessment of recoverability. The directors concluded that no provision was required at the year end.
3
Turnover and other revenue
All of the company's turnover relates to interest income. All interest paid (and received) relates to balances with group companies.
4
Auditor's remuneration
2023
2022
Fees payable to the company's auditor and associates:
£
£
For audit services
Audit of the financial statements of the company
13,250
14,250
5
Employees
The average monthly number of persons (including directors) employed by the company during the year was:
2023
2022
Number
Number
Total
2
2
Lake Bridge International Plc
Notes to the Financial Statements (Continued)
For the year ended 31 July 2023
Page 17
6
Taxation
The actual charge for the year can be reconciled to the expected charge for the year based on the profit or loss and the standard rate of tax as follows:
2023
2022
£
£
Profit before taxation
37,990
12,294
Expected tax charge based on the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK of 19.00% (2022: 19.00%)
7,218
2,336
Unitilised tax losses carried forward
(7,218)
1,615
Tax effect of expenses that are not deductible in determining taxable profit
(3,951)
Taxation charge for the year
-
-
7
Debtors
2023
2022
Amounts falling due after more than one year:
£
£
Amounts owed by group undertakings
532,878,363
504,924,091
8
Creditors: amounts falling due within one year
2023
2022
£
£
Trade creditors
8,000
Other borrowings
157,507,995
129,612,963
Accruals and deferred income
28,500
15,250
157,544,495
129,628,213
9
Creditors: amounts falling due after more than one year
2023
2022
£
£
Other creditors
298,890,001
298,890,001
Lake Bridge International Plc
Notes to the Financial Statements (Continued)
For the year ended 31 July 2023
Page 18
10
Loans and overdrafts
2023
2022
£
£
Loans from group undertakings and related parties
456,397,996
428,502,964
Payable within one year
157,507,995
129,612,963
Payable after one year
298,890,001
298,890,001
Other loans payable after one year include floating rate loan notes of £280,980,001, issued on 22 December 2017, which were due for repayment on 18 December 2024 subsequently renegotiated for repayment in January 2027, and £17,910,000, issued on 23 February 2018, which was due for repayment on 18 December 2024 subsequently renegotiated for repayment in January 2027.
11
Called up share capital
2023
2022
2023
2022
Ordinary share capital
Number
Number
£
£
Issued and fully paid
of £1 each
53,100
53,100
53,100
53,100
12
Financial commitments, guarantees and contingent liabilities
The company, along with certain other companies in the Global University Systems group, is named as a guarantor in the senior facilities agreement for Markermeer Finance B.V., a group company. A fixed and floating security has been provided over certain of the company's assets. The facility which totals approximately €1 billion is due for repayment in 2027 and an associated revolving credit facility of £120m is due to be repaid in 2026.The Directors consider that no material exposure arises as a result of the guarantee commitment as at the year end.
13
Controlling party
The immediate parent undertaking is Global University Systems Holding B.V., a company incorporated in The Netherlands.
The ultimate controlling party is The Heritage Trust, registered in Guernsey.
The smallest and largest group into which the entity is consolidated is Global University Systems Holding B.V., a company registered in The Netherlands. The registered office is Keizersgracht 307, 1016ED Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
14
Events after the reporting date
The directors are of the opinion that there were no significant adjusting or non-adjusting events occurring after reporting date.
Lake Bridge International Plc
Notes to the Financial Statements (Continued)
For the year ended 31 July 2023
Page 19
15
Related Party Transactions
The company has taken advantage of the exemption allowed in FRS 102 Section 33 - Related Party Disclosures and has not disclosed details of related party transactions with wholly-owned entities within the group.
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