Taxation
Taxation for the year comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the Income Statement, except to
the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity.
Current or deferred taxation assets and liabilities are not discounted.
Current tax is recognised at the amount of tax payable using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or
substantively enacted by the balance sheet date.
Deferred tax
Deferred tax is recognised in respect of all timing differences that have originated but not reversed at the balance
sheet date.
Timing differences arise from the inclusion of income and expenses in tax assessments in periods different from
those in which they are recognised in financial statements. Deferred tax is measured using tax rates and laws that
have been enacted or substantively enacted by the year end and that are expected to apply to the reversal of the
timing difference.
Unrelieved tax losses and other deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that they
will be recovered against the reversal of deferred tax liabilities or other future taxable profits.
Foreign currencies
Assets and liabilities in foreign currencies are translated into Euro at the rates of exchange ruling at the balance
sheet date. Transactions in foreign currencies are translated into Euro at the rate of exchange ruling at the date of
transaction. Exchange differences are taken into account in arriving at the operating result.
Financial instruments
The company has elected to apply the provisions of Section 11 'Basic Financial Instruments' and Section 12
'Other Financial Instruments Issues' of FRS 102 to all of its financial instruments.
Financial instruments are recognised in the company's statement of financial position when the company
becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.
Financial assets and liabilities are offset , with the net amounts presented in the financial statements , when there
is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or
to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
Basic financial assets
Basic financial assets, which include trade and other receivables and cash and bank balances, are initially
measured at transaction price including transaction costs and are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the
effective interest method unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the transaction is
measured at the present value of the future receipts discounted at a market rate of interest.
Classification of financial liabilities
Financial liabilities and equity instruments are classified according to the substance of the contractual
arrangements entered into. An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of
the company after deducting all of its liabilities.
Basic financial liabilities, including trade and other payables, bank loans, loans from fellow group
companies and preference shares that are classified as debt, are initially recognised at transaction price unless the
arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the debt instrument is measured at the present value of the
future receipts discounted at a market rate of interest.
Debt instruments are subsequently carried at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method.
Trade payables are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of
business from suppliers. Accounts payable are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or
less. If not, they are presented as non-current liabilities. Trade payables are recognised initially at transaction
price and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.
Equity instruments
Equity instruments issued by the company are recorded at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs.
Dividends payable on equity instruments are recognised as liabilities once they are no longer at the discretion of
the company.
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks, other short-term liquid
investments with original maturities of three months or less, and bank overdrafts. Bank overdrafts are shown
within borrowings in cur