Turnover is recognised at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable for goods and services
provided in the normal course of business, and is shown net of VAT and other sales related taxes. The fair
value of consideration takes into account trade discounts, settlement discounts and volume rebates.
Revenue from contracts for the provision of professional services is recognised by reference to the stage of
completion when the stage of completion, costs incurred and costs to complete can be estimated reliably. The
stage of completion is calculated by comparing costs incurred, mainly in relation to contractual hourly staff
rates and materials, as a proportion of total costs. Where the outcome cannot be estimated reliably, revenue
is recognised only to the extent of the expenses recognised that it is probable will be recovered.