Company Registration No. 05859680 (England and Wales)
ACRO AIRCRAFT SEATING LIMITED
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED
31 DECEMBER 2023
6th Floor Kings House
9-10 Haymarket
London
United Kingdom
SW1Y 4BP
ACRO AIRCRAFT SEATING LIMITED
CONTENTS
Page
Company information
1
Strategic report
2 - 8
Directors' report
9 - 10
Independent auditor's report
11 - 14
Statement of comprehensive income
15
Statement of financial position
16
Statement of changes in equity
17
Notes to the financial statements
18 - 42
ACRO AIRCRAFT SEATING LIMITED
COMPANY INFORMATION
- 1 -
Directors
Y Chen
T Plant
(Appointed 1 June 2023)
Secretary
J Fang
Company number
05859680
Registered office
Eldon Way
Crick Industrial Estate
Crick
Northampton
NN6 7SL
Auditor
TC Group
6th Floor Kings House
9-10 Haymarket
London
United Kingdom
SW1Y 4BP
ACRO AIRCRAFT SEATING LIMITED
STRATEGIC REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
- 2 -

The directors present the strategic report for the year ended 31 December 2023.

 

At a glance

Acro Aircraft Seating Limited's (the "company" or "Acro") purpose is to be the world leading aircraft seating supplier. We are a leading designer and manufacturer of aircraft seats and spare parts supplying a wide variety of airline customers spanning the globe, through both linefit and retrofit markets. We are headquartered in the United Kingdom, with staff based throughout the world.

Our primary design and manufacturing location is situated in the Midlands in the United Kingdom, with our supply chain spanning the globe.

Despite the challenges of the longer recovery following Covid-19 and a competitive market, the proactive engagement with the commercial airline market has improved the stability and reputation of Acro. The recovery of the company has been assisted by the management team, as well as the parent company’s continued financial support. Expectations are that the commercial airline market will recover, and the business will return to a period of growth. In Q4, the business has implemented a new ERP system to improve intelligence and support future development.

REVIEW OF BUSINESS

Our business models

We strive to set ourselves apart from our competitors by our innovative design and lean management approach. This allows us to offer shorter lead-times, a willingness to customise and adapt our designs to suit our customers' needs and control risks through careful management of work scope and activity.

 

We manage our business by understanding customer’s needs and market. We deploy through continuous improvement projects that are embedded throughout the organisation and constantly challenging ourselves on what great looks like, and forging plans to achieve it. The implementation of ERP system will support the management of accurate data and effective decision making.

 

Our strategy

We focus on seats for economy, premium economy and short-haul business class along with the associated spares sales. We continue to explore ways to increase our offering to our customers, improve lead times and stay ahead relentless innovation and expect to be able to make some exciting announcements on being able to supply more of the cabin interior to our customers over the coming year.

ACRO AIRCRAFT SEATING LIMITED
STRATEGIC REPORT (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
- 3 -

Our developing product range is well suited to take advantage of both the expanding market and our growing reputation, and includes:

 

Series 3:

Series 3 has been known by our customers as the most robust seats, however, as the market evolves and customer taste preference changes, this product is slowly becoming obsolete. There are only a few customers carrying their existing orders.

 

Series 6:

In 2017 we launched the Series 6 seat - a comfortable, easily maintainable and lighter economy seat, largely for the single aisle market, in fixed back and recline variants. The first customer deliveries took place in early 2018. In 2021, we focused on developing new generation for Series 6 which will bring more benefit for our customers with greater cost effectiveness. Despite the fact we have made a successful product over the last 4 years, however it has become a non-competitive product in the aerospace industry where most of the customers are seeking a more light weight and sustainable product.

 

Series 7:

A seat aimed at the twin-aisle, long-haul premium economy market as well as the single-aisle business class market; our new Series 7 is a more generous seat that delivers an impression of luxury whilst remaining true to our design values of simplicity and the creation of living space. Launched in 2017, we delivered our first Series 7 seats to customers in the first half of 2018. The positive reaction in the market place will drive interest in this key area, with continued market recovery.

 

Series 9:

The Series 9, a seat without compromise delivers more; a lightweight, robust and comfortable seat with exceptional living space even in high density cabins. The innovative seat architecture is an all-new design. The integrated headrest offers support for passengers of all sizes, the cleverly designed armrest provides additional space where it’s needed most, and the fully optimised aluminium alloy structure gives the new Series 9 an impressive pax weight from 7.5kg. This new product was also shown at Hamburg AIX trade show in June 2023, it is designed to be more robust and is lighter than previous seats. The seats have certainly attracted many people’s attention especially due to it’s light weight and sustainability credentials.

ACRO AIRCRAFT SEATING LIMITED
STRATEGIC REPORT (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
- 4 -

Further development:

Looking ahead we are constantly reviewing our position in the marketplace and how our offering can best serve our customers and stakeholders. We continue to work closely with Airbus and Boeing but particularly Airbus as well as other aircraft manufacturers to see how we can best support their future development resulting in new investments in new offerings over the coming years.

 

Building on a very positive response to the launch of Acro's new Series 9 product at the Hamburg AIX trade show, customer interest resulted in significant new seat sales for the launch of our UK and EU customers. The

programs involved significant further product development and customisation to refine and optimise the Series 9 family to address the individual customer specifications and successfully deliver these programs.

 

One of the programmes broadened the Series 9 product family to include full recline functionality to further enhance the Series 9 product as offering a unique combination of light weight, robustness and passenger comfort. Alongside these Series 9 programs, we continued to grow our footprint with the major airframe manufacturers by working with Boeing to gain approval for the Series 6FB seat for Acro's first Boeing Linefit program for an US airline. The extremely rigorous certification process involved significant engineering development and certification test activities in close collaboration with the Boeing team.

 

Key performance

The overall performance is in line with management expectations in the current economic environment.

 

Revenue 2023: £17m (2022: £24.2m)

 

Gross profit and margins 2023: £5m and 29% (2022: £6.6m and 27%)

 

Loss before tax 2023: loss £7.68m (2022: restated loss £6.55m)

 

Intangible assets 2023: £0.044m (2022: £0.042m)

ACRO AIRCRAFT SEATING LIMITED
STRATEGIC REPORT (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
- 5 -

Future trends

The year, despite the continuing impact caused by the pandemic, we continued to further improve the quality of our people, and we continue to be committed to in-depth training and development courses for the leadership team. The Company has furthered its relationship with Airbus, and we continue to be pleased with the strong support Airbus offers us. We are also actively engaged in opportunities to get Acro Boeing line fit offerability as well, which would significantly grow our potential customer base.

As we see further potential market recovery from Covid we will accelerate our market penetration of Series 9 with Acro positioned and prepared for incoming demand challenges because we believe there will be a significant demand for flights after this long pandemic. Acro have appropriate plans and resources in place to deal with the extra demands that this will place on the business from a design and manufacturing capacity point of view and so are well placed to take advantage of the coming opportunities.

 

PRINCIPAL RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES

 

The Board is committed to protecting and enhancing the Company's reputation and assets, while safeguarding the interests of its shareholders. It has overall responsibility for the Company's system of risk management and internal controls. The Company's business is affected by a number of risks and uncertainties that are subject to internal and external factors, some of which we cannot control. Many of the risks are similar to those found by comparable companies in terms of scale and operations.

The industry as a whole continues to be impacted by the effects of Brexit. In particular, the Civil Aviation Authority has been challenged in rebuilding capacity and capability following the transfer of legal responsibilities from EASA on 1st January 2021. Like all seat manufacturers, Acro is obliged to obtain authorisation certificates for it's products, granted previously by EASA and now by the CAA. Working methods, and interpretations at the CAA have differed from those at EASA, and compounded by resource constraints has represented a risk to successful execution of programs. In addition, the lack of a Bilateral Agreement between EASA and the CAA means that additional Validation is required by EASA after CAA certification is achieved, for any aircraft licenced under EASA regulation.

Our approach

Given current risk with CAA and EASA challenges, it is crucial for the whole team to work with customers and build milestone so we can be ahead of the application process. In addition, Acro is also working with the Agency to leverage their internal intelligence to streamline applications by improving communication and standardising processes, which involves certification authorisation. The Company's risk management systems are monitored and reviewed regularly by the Board.

Identifying and monitoring material risks

Acro continued to leverage vertical integration within the group in order to de-risk critical material supply. In 2023 the implementation of a new aluminium machining facility at our sister company ZTA (Zheijiang Tenchen Aerospace) has brought the supply of safety critical components such as seat legs and ribs within more direct control to ensure Right First Time delivery to support the business.

ACRO AIRCRAFT SEATING LIMITED
STRATEGIC REPORT (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
- 6 -

Our principal risks and uncertainties

We have identified the following principal risks and uncertainties:

 

1. Economic Uncertainty

Likelihood of occurring: High

Potential Impact: The economic downturn could result in less demand for travel, in both business and domestic markets. This will cause direct impact to airline seating company, such as cancelling the order or delaying the order until the economy recovers.

 

Mitigation: We continue to liaise with our Customers to understand their delivery timescales of these orders. With the cash support from ZTC, Acro are able to secure the material to support the ongoing business due to the constraint of the material.

 

2. Competition

Likelihood of occurring: High

Potential Impact: The UK aircraft seating market has HHI (Herfindahl index) of 1652 in 2023, indicating moderate competitiveness. Comparing with the big players, Acro has to face a price war to be able to win some of the programmes.

 

Mitigation: We have invested in ERP to streamline and standardise the manufacture process. As previously mentioned, our sister company also constantly looks to improve the parts from quality, cost and timing perspective to make sure the price is competitive as well as the seat meeting their standard. The design team also involved to ensure that we fully control any changes needed to components or end products and our quality team are embedded into the process to ensure we continue to produce quality products from quality supplies.

 

3. Foreign exchange exposure on the items we purchase and the products we sell

Likelihood of occurring: Medium

Potential Impact: Our profitability may increase or decrease if the change in costs or income due to exchange rate fluctuates from that originally expected.

 

Mitigation: As we have won an US and Spanish airline this year and both programmes are not GBP based. We have managed to have three different currency bank accounts active and pay suppliers where EUR and USD are needed to offset the FX loss naturally. The strategy is always to agree with customer on our base currency or build in some risk into the pricing to reduce and FX might occur in comings years.

 

4. Supply Chain issues

Likelihood of occurring: High

Potential Impact: Disruptions in the supply chain, such as shortages of raw materials or delays in component deliveries, could impact production schedules and increase costs. For example, the ongoing global supply chain challenges in 2023 could affect the availability of lightweight materials needed for aircraft seats.

 

Mitigation: To avoid over-reliance on single or sole-source suppliers, we look to diversify our supplier base to mitigate risks associated with supply disruptions. This can be a challenge at times due to testing and certification requirements. Hence a better communication and collaboration is really needed to make sure the materials can be delivered on site in time.

ACRO AIRCRAFT SEATING LIMITED
STRATEGIC REPORT (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
- 7 -

5. Key staff leaving

Likelihood of occurring: Medium to High (targeted campaigns to poach talented individuals)

 

Potential Impact: The business has seen significant change due to restructuring, relocation and natural attrition. Due to change attrition is unnaturally high. High staff turnover can cause problems with loss of intellectual Knowledge as well as the time and cost to rehire and build capability.  High recruitment agency fees and consultancy fees can also have severe impact to our profitability and cashflow.

 

Mitigation: Our people are our key asset. We have identified key people in key positions under succession planning. In key functions we focus heavily on pipeline management from bottom up. We use graduate and apprenticeship scheme to the maximum. We regularly review staff remuneration & rewards and benchmark salaries for our key positions in the marketplace to stay competitive. We have started an internal training Academy to build capability, we deploy online and inhouse face to face development, training, coaching, and mentoring supported by specified tailored training programmes through our Academy We intensify support for People Managers.

To attract the right talent, we offer hybrid and flexible working where appropriate to business needs. We are always working on our culture to provide a safe, culturally diverse, thriving,  positive work environment, where staff are proud, happy in their work and feel part of a team. We help build teams through planned social activities in each quarter. We keep staff well informed through Townhalls on results or initiatives for improvement. Inclusiveness is important. It is well known that the relationship between a staff member and their manager is the number one reason individuals will leave companies, therefore we heavily invest in our People Managers.

We believe this results in a workforce that consciously chooses to remain in our employment. Our goal is to nurture our talent to ensure they are proud to work in Acro, this in turn leads to better, faster solutions being developed and implemented. We continue to be Living Wage accredited.

 

6. Brexit impact

Likelihood of occurring: High

Potential Impact: This mainly drive by CAA and EASA regulations.

Mitigation: Externally, Acro takes a proactive approach to engage with the agency to understand their timeframe. Internally, Acro will drive the conversation with customer to understand their main requirements so the testing and certification schedule can be arranged ahead to avoid delays.

 

7. Technological and Innovation Risks

Likelihood of occurring: Medium

Potential Impact: The aircraft seating market was experiencing significant technological innovations in 2023, such as the integration of IoT in seats, wireless seat control technologies, and the use of advanced composite materials for lightweight and fuel-efficient designs.

 

Mitigation: As we have a clear understanding of the seats requirement for the market, Series 9 have become the new shining star for Acro as it’s the lightest seat across all Acro seats family and have been recognised by a few major airline. The team will continue look to improve the feather and functionality to make sure Series 9 can be the seats every customer will like to fly with.

 

8. Expansion into New Markets

Likelihood of occurring: Low

Potential Impact: It’s important for Acro to explore opportunities in emerging markets with rapidly growing aviation industries, such as the Middle East, Africa, and Asia-Pacific those emerging regions.

 

Mitigation: Our commercial team will attend various seat shows across those regions and start build contact with them so Acro can be known in those regions.

ACRO AIRCRAFT SEATING LIMITED
STRATEGIC REPORT (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
- 8 -

NON FINANCIAL INFORMATION

 

Culture

The Board recognises that it has an important role in assessing and monitoring that our desired culture is embedded in the values, attitudes and behaviours we demonstrate. The Board has established honesty, integrity and respect for people as part of our core values. The Code of Conduct helps everyone to act in line with these values and to comply with relevant laws and regulations. The Health, Safety & Environmental policy applies across the business and is designed to ensure that staff always act in the best interests of our people and the environment.

 

Stakeholder Engagement

The Board recognises the important role it must play and is highly committed to stakeholder engagement, this is part of our strategic ambition. The Board strongly believes that Acro will only succeed by working with Customers and Suppliers and sharing knowledge and experience with our stakeholders and acknowledges the impact of ongoing engagement and dialogue.

 

 

On behalf of the board

T Plant
Director
28 January 2025
ACRO AIRCRAFT SEATING LIMITED
DIRECTORS' REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
- 9 -

The directors present their annual report and financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2023.

Principal activities

The principal activity of the company continued to be that of design and manufacture of aircraft seats and spare parts supplying a wide variety of airline customers spanning the globe, through both linefit and retrofit markets.

Results and dividends

The results for the year are set out on page 15.

The Directors do not intend to declare a dividend for 2023 (2022; £nil).

Directors

The directors who held office during the year and up to the date of signature of the financial statements were as follows:

N Cairns
(Resigned 1 September 2024)
Y Chen
P Strothers
(Resigned 10 June 2023)
T Plant
(Appointed 1 June 2023)
Financial instruments

The Company has a robust risk management process that follows a sequence of risk identification, assessment of probability and impact, and owner assignment to manage mitigation activities. The Company's financial instruments fall into one of two categories - receivables at amortised cost (Financial Assets) and loan and other liabilities at amortised cost (Financial Liabilities). More detail on financial instruments is provided in Notes 1.9 and 1.10.

 

Receivables at amortised costs: these comprise of trade and other receivables, cash and cash equivalents.

 

Loans and other liabilities held at amortised cost: these comprise trade and other payables, debt and the banking facilities.

 

These financial instruments are subject to a number of risks. The main types of risk are market risks, credit risk and liquidity risk. The Company's senior management oversees the management of these risks and agrees the policies for managing each of these risks. The Company does not engage in the trading of financial assets for speculative purposes nor does it write options.

Auditor

The auditor, TC Group, is deemed to be reappointed under section 487(2) of the Companies Act 2006.

ACRO AIRCRAFT SEATING LIMITED
DIRECTORS' REPORT (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
- 10 -
Statement of directors' responsibilities

The directors are responsible for preparing the annual report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.

 

Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the directors have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (United Kingdom Accounting Standards and applicable law). Under company law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the company and of the profit or loss of the company for that period. In preparing these financial statements, the directors are required to:

 

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the company’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the company and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

Strategic Report

The company has chosen in accordance with Companies Act 2006, s. 414C(11) to set out in the company's strategic report information required by Large and Medium-sized Companies and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2008, Sch. 7 to be contained in the directors' report. It has done so in respect of principal risks and uncertainties.

Statement of disclosure to auditor

So far as each person who was a director at the date of approving this report is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the company’s auditor is unaware. Additionally, the directors individually have taken all the necessary steps that they ought to have taken as directors in order to make themselves aware of all relevant audit information and to establish that the company’s auditor is aware of that information.

Going Concern

The Directors have considered going concern and more details can be found in Note 1.2.

On behalf of the board
T Plant
Director
28 January 2025
ACRO AIRCRAFT SEATING LIMITED
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT
TO THE MEMBERS OF ACRO AIRCRAFT SEATING LIMITED
- 11 -
Opinion

We have audited the financial statements of Acro Aircraft Seating Limited (the 'company') for the year ended 31 December 2023 which comprise the statement of comprehensive income, the statement of financial position, the statement of changes in equity and notes to the financial statements, including significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including FRS 101 ‘Reduced Disclosure Framework’ (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).

In our opinion the financial statements:

Basis for opinion

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our qualified opinion.

Conclusions relating to going concern

In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate.

 

Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the company's ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue.

 

Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report.

Other information

The other information comprises the information included in the annual report other than the financial statements and our auditor's report thereon. The directors are responsible for the other information contained within the annual report. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact.

 

We have nothing to report in this regard.

ACRO AIRCRAFT SEATING LIMITED
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT (CONTINUED)
TO THE MEMBERS OF ACRO AIRCRAFT SEATING LIMITED
- 12 -

Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of our audit:

Matters on which we are required to report by exception

In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the strategic report and the directors' report.

 

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters where the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:

 

Responsibilities of directors

As explained more fully in the directors' responsibilities statement, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.

ACRO AIRCRAFT SEATING LIMITED
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT (CONTINUED)
TO THE MEMBERS OF ACRO AIRCRAFT SEATING LIMITED
- 13 -
Auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor's report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.

 

Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud, is detailed below.

 

Extent to which the audit was considered capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud

The objectives of our audit, in respect to fraud, are: to identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements due to fraud; to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the assessed risks of material misstatement due to fraud, through designing and implementing appropriate responses; and to respond appropriately to fraud or suspected fraud identified during the audit. However, the primary responsibility for the prevention and detection of fraud rests with both those charged with governance of the entity and its management.

Our approach was as follows:

Based on this understanding we designed our audit procedures to identify non-compliance with such laws and regulations. Where the risk was considered to be higher, we performed audit procedures to address each identified fraud risk. These procedures included: testing manual journals; reviewing the financial statement disclosures and testing to supporting documentation; performing analytical procedures; and enquiring of management, and were designed to provide reasonable assurance that the financial statements were free from fraud or error.

ACRO AIRCRAFT SEATING LIMITED
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT (CONTINUED)
TO THE MEMBERS OF ACRO AIRCRAFT SEATING LIMITED
- 14 -

Owing to the inherent limitations of an audit, there is an unavoidable risk that we may not have detected some material misstatements in the financial statements, even though we have properly planned and performed our audit in accordance with auditing standards. For example, the further removed non-compliance with laws and regulations (irregularities) is from the events and transactions reflected in the financial statements, the less likely the inherently limited procedures required by auditing standards would identify it. The risk is also greater regarding irregularities occurring due to fraud rather than error, as fraud involves intentional concealment, forgery, collusion, omission or misrepresentation. We are not responsible for preventing non-compliance and cannot be expected to detect non-compliance with all laws and regulations.

A further description of our responsibilities is available on the Financial Reporting Council’s website at: https://www.frc.org.uk/Our-Work/Audit/Audit-and-assurance/Standards-and-guidance/Standards-and-guidance-for-auditors/Auditors-responsibilities-for-audit/Description-of-auditors-responsibilities-for-audit.aspx. This description forms part of our auditor’s report.

Use of our report

This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company’s members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor's report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the company’s members, as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.

Philip Clark FCCA (Senior Statutory Auditor)
For and on behalf of TC Group
Statutory Auditor
Office: London
29 January 2025
2025-01-29
ACRO AIRCRAFT SEATING LIMITED
STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
- 15 -
2023
2022
(as restated)
Notes
£'000
£'000
Turnover
3
16,980
24,209
Cost of sales
(11,989)
(17,630)
Gross profit
4,991
6,579
Distribution costs
(2,754)
(3,180)
Administrative expenses
(9,865)
(9,293)
Other operating income
281
180
Exceptional items
4
(52)
(320)
Operating loss
5
(7,399)
(6,034)
Interest payable and similar expenses
8
(280)
(517)
Loss before taxation
(7,679)
(6,551)
Tax on loss
9
1,981
-
0
Loss and total comprehensive income for the financial year
(5,698)
(6,551)
Total other comprehensive income for the year
-
0
-
0
Total comprehensive income for the year
(5,698)
(6,551)
ACRO AIRCRAFT SEATING LIMITED
STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION
AS AT
31 DECEMBER 2023
31 December 2023
- 16 -
2023
2022
(as restated)
Notes
£'000
£'000
£'000
£'000
Fixed assets
Intangible assets
10
44
42
Tangible fixed assets
11
8,222
9,575
8,266
9,617
Current assets
Stocks
13
6,450
4,973
Debtors
14
11,028
7,012
Cash at bank and in hand
530
197
18,008
12,182
Creditors: amounts falling due within one year
15
(23,454)
(12,163)
Net current (liabilities)/assets
(5,446)
19
Total assets less current liabilities
2,820
9,636
Creditors: amounts falling due after more than one year
15
(6,025)
(6,994)
Provisions for liabilities
Other provisions
20
(774)
(923)
Net (liabilities)/assets
(3,979)
1,719
Capital and reserves
Called up share capital
22
30
30
Share premium account
23
30,027
30,027
Other reserves
24
(57)
(57)
Profit and loss reserves
(33,979)
(28,281)
Total equity
(3,979)
1,719
The financial statements were approved by the board of directors and authorised for issue on 28 January 2025 and are signed on its behalf by:
T Plant
Director
Company Registration No. 05859680
ACRO AIRCRAFT SEATING LIMITED
STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
- 17 -
Share capital
Share premium account
Other reserves
Profit and loss reserves
Total
Notes
£'000
£'000
£'000
£'000
£'000
As restated for the year ended 31 December 2022:
Balance at 1 January 2022
-
57
(57)
(14,459)
(14,459)
Effect of change in accounting policy
26
-
-
-
(7,271)
(7,271)
As restated
-
57
(57)
(21,730)
(21,730)
Year ended 31 December 2022:
Loss and total comprehensive income for the year
-
-
-
(6,551)
(6,551)
Issue of share capital
22
30
29,970
-
-
30,000
Balance at 31 December 2022
30
30,027
(57)
(28,281)
1,719
Year ended 31 December 2023:
Loss and total comprehensive income for the year
-
-
-
(5,698)
(5,698)
Balance at 31 December 2023
30
30,027
(57)
(33,979)
(3,979)
ACRO AIRCRAFT SEATING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
- 18 -
1
Accounting policies
Company information

Acro Aircraft Seating Limited is a private company limited by shares incorporated in England and Wales. The registered office is Eldon Way, Crick Industrial Estate, Crick, Northampton, NN6 7SL. The company's principal activities and nature of its operations are disclosed in the directors' report.

1.1
Accounting convention

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Financial Reporting Standard 101 Reduced Disclosure Framework (FRS 101) and in accordance with applicable accounting standards.

The financial statements are prepared in sterling, which is the functional currency of the company. Monetary amounts in these financial statements are rounded to the nearest thousands (£'000).

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention, except as disclosed in the accounting policies. The principal accounting policies adopted are set out below.

As permitted by FRS 101, the company has taken advantage of the following disclosure exemptions from the requirements of IFRS:

Where required, equivalent disclosures are given in the group accounts of Zhejiang Tiancheng Controls Co. Ltd.

The company has taken advantage of the exemption under section 401 of the Companies Act 2006 not to prepare consolidated accounts. The financial statements present information about the company as an individual entity and not about its group.

 

Acro Aircraft Seating Limited is a wholly owned subsidiary of Acro Holdings Limited and the results of Acro Aircraft Seating Limited are included in the consolidated financial statements of Zhejiang Tiancheng Controls Co. Ltd which are available from the website;

http://www.cninfo.com.cn

Companies Act 2006 Section 405 permits a subsidiary to be excluded from the consolidation where its inclusion is not material for the purpose of giving a true and fair view. The subsidiary, Acro Seating Inc. (USA) is a dormant company, and the subsidiary Anke Aircraft Seating Shanghai Co., Ltd is not material. These financial statements present information about the company as an individual undertaking and not about the group.

ACRO AIRCRAFT SEATING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
1
Accounting policies
(Continued)
- 19 -
1.2
Going concern

The company made a loss before tax of £7.8m during the year and had net liabilities of £6m as at the balance sheet date.

The ultimate parent and a fellow group undertaking have provided extended credit terms where they are acting as trade suppliers to the company.

The company fully depends on its ultimate parent’s financial support, and has received an undertaking that this support will remain available for at least 24 months from the date of signing these financial statements.

The company has received loans of £9.25m from its immediate parent, Acro Holdings Limited during 2023. The company has received an undertaking that this support will remain available for at least 24 months from the date of signing these financial statements.

Based on this, the directors have concluded that the company has adequate resources to continue in its operational existence. The company therefore continues to adopt the going concern basis in preparing its financial statements.

1.3
Turnover

Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, and represents amounts receivable for goods supplied, stated net of discount, returns and value added tax. The company recognises revenue when performance obligations have been satisfied and for the company this is when the goods or services have transferred to the customer and the customer have control of these. The company's activities are described in detail below. The company bases its estimate of return on historical results, taking into consideration the type of customer, the type of transaction and the specifics of each arrangement.

The company manufactures and sells a range of aircraft seating. Identification of the performance obligations within the contract is a key step to determining accounting under IFRS 15. We consider there is a single type of obligation within our arrangements being either each shipset or delivery of spares. Revenue is recognised at a point in time for both shipsets and spares, in both cases in accordance with the contract with the customer either at the point of delivery or when the goods are available for collection, since none of the criteria for measurement over time are met. In case of shipsets and spares, we have considered the possibility of alternative use, as this is the key consideration under IFRS 15, and have concluded in both cases there is an alternative use, albeit in the case of any shipset there would likely be a requirement for some re-work. The shipset encompasses the design, production and delivery at a point in time as per the customer request of enough of our seats to fill that part of the plan we have been asked to deliver. Spares include the production and delivery at a point in time as per the contract with the customer.

The warranties given are assurance warranties and so are out of scope of IFRS 15, as they relate to assurances that the seats will operate as promised and as set out in the contract. Management do not consider there to be any service type warranties. These warranties are assessed under IAS 37.

ACRO AIRCRAFT SEATING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
1
Accounting policies
(Continued)
- 20 -
1.4
Intangible assets other than goodwill

i) Development costs

Development cost expenditure on an individual project is recognised as an intangible assets when the company can demonstrate:

Research costs are expensed in the statement of comprehensive income as incurred.

 

ii) Patents, trademarks and licences

Patent and licence expenditure is recognised as an intangible asset when the company can demonstrate:

Additionally, we consider those costs incurred where we will gain significant competitive advantage and benefit over multiple years from investments in the partners’ ability to do business with, such as the costs of becoming offerable with Airbus. The costs are capitalised to the extent the company can demonstrate:

To the extent these are not met, the costs are expensed in the Statement of Comprehensive Income as incurred.

 

iii) Amortisation

Amortisation is charged to the income statement on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of intangible assets unless such lives are indefinite. Intangible assets with an indefinite useful life and goodwill are systematically tested for impairment at each balance sheet date. Other intangible assets are amortised from the date they are available for use. The estimated useful lives are as follows:

ACRO AIRCRAFT SEATING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
1
Accounting policies
(Continued)
- 21 -
1.5
Tangible fixed assets

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses, if any. Historical cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended.

Where parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, they are accounted for as separate items of property, plant and equipment.

Right-of-use assets

Right-of-use assets are measured at cost comprising the following:

Depreciation

Depreciation is charged to the income statement on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of each part of an item of property, plant and equipment. The estimated useful lives are as follows:

Leasehold improvements
remaining life of the lease
Fixtures and fittings
3 to 5 years
Plant and equipment
5 to 10 years
Motor vehicles
4 years
Demo Seats
2 years
Rights of use assets
remaining life of the lease

Assets under construction are not depreciated.

 

Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each balance sheet date.

The gain or loss arising on the disposal of an asset is determined as the difference between the sale proceeds and the carrying value of the asset, and is recognised in the profit and loss account.

1.6
Impairment of tangible and intangible assets

At each reporting end date, the company reviews the carrying amounts of its tangible and intangible assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). Where it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives and intangible assets not yet available for use are tested for impairment annually, and whenever there is an indication that the asset may be impaired.

ACRO AIRCRAFT SEATING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
1
Accounting policies
(Continued)
- 22 -

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.

 

If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash-generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation decrease.

 

Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset (or cash-generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the reversal of the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation increase.

1.7
Stocks

Stocks and work in progress are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value, after making due allowance for obsolete and slow moving items.

Cost includes all direct expenditure and an appropriate proportion of fixed and variable overheads.

Stocks are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value, and after provisions. Costs incurred in bringing each product to its present location and condition are accounted for as follows:

Net realisable value represents the estimated selling price for inventories less all estimated costs of completion and costs necessary to make the sale.

1.8
Cash at bank and in hand

Cash and cash equivalents include cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks, other short-term liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less, and bank overdrafts. Bank overdrafts are shown within borrowings in current liabilities.

1.9
Financial assets

Financial assets are recognised in the company's statement of financial position when the company becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. Financial assets are classified into specified categories, depending on the nature and purpose of the financial assets.

 

At initial recognition, financial assets classified as fair value through profit and loss are measured at fair value and any transaction costs are recognised in profit or loss. Financial assets not classified as fair value through profit and loss are initially measured at fair value plus transaction costs.

ACRO AIRCRAFT SEATING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
1
Accounting policies
(Continued)
- 23 -
Financial assets held at amortised cost

The company's financial assets measured at amortised cost comprise trade and other debtors and cash and cash equivalents in the balance sheet. Cash and cash equivalents includes cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks, other short term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less, and - for the purpose of the statement of cash flows - bank overdrafts. Bank overdrafts are shown within 'Creditors: amounts falling due within one year' financial liabilities on the balance sheet.

Impairment of financial assets

Financial assets, other than those measured at fair value through profit or loss, are assessed for indicators of impairment at each reporting end date.

 

Financial assets are impaired where there is objective evidence that, as a result of one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the financial asset, the estimated future cash flows of the investment have been affected.

1.10
Financial liabilities

Bank borrowings are initially recognised at fair value net of any transaction costs directly attributable to the issue of the instrument. Such interest bearing liabilities are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method, which ensures that any interest expense over the period to repayment is at a constant rate on the balance of the liability carried in the balance sheet. Interest expense in this context includes initial transaction costs and premium payable on redemption, as well as any interest or coupon payable while the liability is outstanding.

Trade creditors and other short-term monetary liabilities, which are initially recognised at fair value and are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

Other financial liabilities

Other financial liabilities, including borrowings, trade payables and other short-term monetary liabilities, are initially measured at fair value net of transaction costs directly attributable to the issuance of the financial liability. They are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. For the purposes of each financial liability, interest expense includes initial transaction costs and any premium payable on redemption, as well as any interest or coupon payable while the liability is outstanding.

Derecognition of financial liabilities

Financial liabilities are derecognised when, and only when, the company’s obligations are discharged, cancelled, or they expire.

Offsetting financial instruments

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount reported in the balance sheet when there is a legally enforceable right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis, or realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

1.11
Equity instruments

Equity instruments issued by the company are recorded at the proceeds received, net of direct issue costs. Dividends payable on equity instruments are recognised as liabilities once they are no longer at the discretion of the company.

ACRO AIRCRAFT SEATING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
1
Accounting policies
(Continued)
- 24 -
1.12
Taxation

The tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax.

Current tax

The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from net profit as reported in the profit and loss account because it excludes items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and it further excludes items that are never taxable or deductible. The company’s liability for current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting end date.

Deferred tax

Deferred tax is the tax expected to be payable or recoverable on differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities in the financial statements and the corresponding tax bases used in the computation of taxable profit, and is accounted for using the balance sheet liability method. Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all taxable temporary differences and deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profits will be available against which deductible temporary differences can be utilised. Such assets and liabilities are not recognised if the temporary difference arises from goodwill or from the initial recognition of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the tax profit nor the accounting profit.

 

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting end date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered. Deferred tax is calculated at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period when the liability is settled or the asset is realised. Deferred tax is charged or credited in the profit and loss account, except when it relates to items charged or credited directly to equity, in which case the deferred tax is also dealt with in equity. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset when the company has a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities and the deferred tax assets and liabilities relate to taxes levied by the same tax authority.

1.13
Provisions

Provisions are recognised when the company has a legal or constructive present obligation as a result of a past event and it is probable that the company will be required to settle that obligation, and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.

 

The amount recognised as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation at the reporting end date, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation. Where a provision is measured using the cash flows estimated to settle the present obligation, its carrying amount is the present value of those cash flows.

 

When some or all of the economic benefits required to settle a provision are expected to be recovered from a third party, a receivable is recognised as an asset if it is virtually certain that reimbursement will be received and the amount of the receivable can be measured reliably.

ACRO AIRCRAFT SEATING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
1
Accounting policies
(Continued)
- 25 -
1.14
Employee benefits

The costs of short-term employee benefits are recognised as a liability and an expense, unless those costs are required to be recognised as part of the cost of inventories or fixed assets.

 

The cost of any unused holiday entitlement is recognised in the period in which the employee’s services are received.

 

Termination benefits are recognised immediately as an expense when the company is demonstrably committed to terminate the employment of an employee or to provide termination benefits.

1.15
Retirement benefits

Payments to defined contribution retirement benefit schemes are charged as an expense as they fall due.

1.16
Leases

At inception, the company assesses whether a contract is, or contains, a lease within the scope of IFRS 16. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the right to control the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Where a tangible asset is acquired through a lease, the company recognises a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the lease commencement date. Right-of-use assets are included within tangible fixed assets, apart from those that meet the definition of investment property.

The right-of-use asset is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability adjusted for any lease payments made at or before the commencement date plus any initial direct costs and an estimate of the cost of obligations to dismantle, remove, refurbish or restore the underlying asset and the site on which it is located, less any lease incentives received.

 

The right-of-use asset is subsequently depreciated using the straight-line method from the commencement date to the earlier of the end of the useful life of the right-of-use asset or the end of the lease term. The estimated useful lives of right-of-use assets are determined on the same basis as those of other tangible fixed assets. The right-of-use asset is periodically reduced by impairment losses, if any, and adjusted for certain remeasurements of the lease liability.

The lease liability is initially measured at the present value of the lease payments that are unpaid at the commencement date, discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, the company's incremental borrowing rate. Lease payments included in the measurement of the lease liability comprise fixed payments, variable lease payments that depend on an index or a rate, amounts expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee, and the cost of any options that the company is reasonably certain to exercise, such as the exercise price under a purchase option, lease payments in an optional renewal period, or penalties for early termination of a lease.

The lease liability is measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. It is remeasured when there is a change in: future lease payments arising from a change in an index or rate; the company's estimate of the amount expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee; or the company's assessment of whether it will exercise a purchase, extension or termination option. When the lease liability is remeasured in this way, a corresponding adjustment is made to the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset, or is recorded in profit or loss if the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset has been reduced to zero.

ACRO AIRCRAFT SEATING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
1
Accounting policies
(Continued)
- 26 -

The company has elected not to recognise right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases of machinery that have a lease term of 12 months or less, or for leases of low-value assets including IT equipment. The payments associated with these leases are recognised in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

When the company acts as a lessor, leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessees, over the major part of the economic life of the asset. All other leases are classified as operating leases. If an arrangement contains lease and non-lease components, the company applies IFRS 15 to allocate the consideration in the contract. When the company is an intermediate lessor, it accounts for its interests in the head lease and the sub-lease separately, classifying the sub-lease with reference to the right-of-use asset arising from the head lease instead of the underlying asset.

1.17
Foreign exchange

Transactions in currencies other than pounds sterling are recorded at the rates of exchange prevailing at the dates of the transactions. At each reporting end date, monetary assets and liabilities that are denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing on the reporting end date. Gains and losses arising on translation in the period are included in profit or loss.

2
Critical accounting estimates and judgements

In the application of the company’s accounting policies, the directors are required to make judgements, estimates and assumptions about the carrying amount of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

 

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised, if the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.

 

The estimates and assumptions which have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets and liabilities are outlined below.

Critical judgements
Useful lives of property, plant and equipment

Depreciation is provided so as to write down the assets to their residual values over their estimated useful lives as set out in the company's accounting policy. The selection of these estimated lives requires the exercise of management judgement. Useful lives are regularly reviewed and should management's assessment of useful lives shorten then depreciation charges in the financial statements would increase and carrying amounts of property, plant and equipment would reduce accordingly. The carrying amount of property, plant and equipment by each class is included in note 1 and details of the useful lives are included within the accounting policy.

ACRO AIRCRAFT SEATING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
2
Critical accounting estimates and judgements
(Continued)
- 27 -
Useful lives of intangible assets

Intangible assets are amortised over their useful lives. Useful lives are based on the management's estimates of the period that the assets will generate revenue. These estimates are reviewed at least annually and changes to these estimates can result in significant variations in the carrying value and amounts charged to profit or loss. The carrying amount of intangible assets by each class is included in note 1 and details of the useful lives are included within the accounting policy.

Provisions for warranties and dilapidation, allowances for bad debts and inventory obsolescence

Provisions for warranties are made with reference to recent trading history and historic warranty claim information and the view of management as to whether warranty claims are expected.

Provisions for dilapidation are made with reference to the building size and assessment of costs to restore the building to its original state.

Allowances for bad debt are determined with consideration given to the aging of receivables, and for inventory obsolescence to the recent and history of customer trading and management experience.

Impairment of intangible assets

The Company's accounting policy for impairment of intangible assets is set out in Note 1. Intangible assets are reviewed for impairment annually if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.

Revenue recognition

The Company's revenue recognition policy is set out in Note 1. Management has assessed the application of IFRS 15 using the five step model framework, within which the following critical accounting judgements were made:

i) Identify the contract with the customer - the contract with the customer is defined and agreed;

ii) Identify the performance obligations - these are taken to be the separate delivery of shipset or spares;

iii) Determine the transaction price - defined in the contract as there are no variable elements;

iv) Allocated the transaction price to the performance obligations - relates to either the shipset or spares;

v) Recognise revenue when the entity satisfies a performance obligation - at the point in time when the shipset or spares are delivered or made available to the customer as per the contract terms, given the nature of what is being delivered, as this is when the customer gains an economically useful asset.

In the case of shipsets and spares, we have considered the possibility of alternative use, as this is a key consideration under IFRS 15, and concluded that in both cases there is an alternative use albeit in the case of any shipset there would likely be a requirement for some re-work. As a result of this, management consider the design, production and delivery of a shipset or spare parts as the key performance obligation and recognise revenue at a point in time, as none of the criteria for recognition over time are met as an asset is created which has an alternative use.

ACRO AIRCRAFT SEATING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
2
Critical accounting estimates and judgements
(Continued)
- 28 -
Lease

The lease payments are discounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease. If that rate cannot be readily determined, which is generally the case for leases in the company, the lessee's incremental borrowing rate is used, being the rate that the company would have to pay to borrow the funds necessary to obtain an asset of similar value to the right-of-use asset in a similar economic environment with similar terms, security and conditions.

To determine the incremental borrowing rate, the company uses recent third-party financing received as a starting point, adjusted to reflect changes in financing conditions since third party financing was received. The company used incremental borrowing rates of 3% to all the leases.

3
Turnover
2023
2022
£'000
£'000
Turnover analysed by class of business
Aircraft seating
10,643
18,749
Spare parts and miscellaneous items
6,337
5,460
16,980
24,209
2023
2022
£'000
£'000
Turnover analysed by geographical market
United Kingdom
2,120
574
Europe
3,050
5,441
United States of America
5,788
11,368
Rest of the World
6,022
6,826
16,980
24,209
4
Exceptional items
2023
2022
£'000
£'000
Redundancy and relocation costs
(52)
(320)
ACRO AIRCRAFT SEATING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
- 29 -
5
Operating loss
2023
2022
£'000
£'000
Operating loss for the year is stated after charging/(crediting):
Exchange gains
(695)
(1,642)
Research and development costs
895
1,241
Fees payable to the company's auditor for the audit of the company's financial statements
42
40
Depreciation of property, plant and equipment
1,709
1,903
(Profit)/loss on disposal of tangible fixed assets
-
145
Amortisation of intangible assets (included within administrative expenses)
54
1,123
Cost of inventories recognised as an expense
11,316
15,902
6
Employees

The average monthly number of persons (including directors) employed by the company during the year was:

2023
2022
Number
Number
Production
47
60
Distribution
11
9
Administration
64
60
Total
122
129

Their aggregate remuneration comprised:

2023
2022
£'000
£'000
Wages and salaries
5,574
5,440
Social security costs
715
669
Pension costs
611
611
6,900
6,720
ACRO AIRCRAFT SEATING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
- 30 -
7
Directors' remuneration
2023
2022
£'000
£'000
Remuneration for qualifying services
490
458
Company pension contributions to defined contribution schemes
74
83
564
541
Remuneration disclosed above include the following amounts paid to the highest paid director:
2023
2022
£'000
£'000
Remuneration for qualifying services
397
312
Company pension contributions to defined contribution schemes
67
38
8
Interest payable and similar expenses
2023
2022
£'000
£'000
Interest on financial liabilities measured at amortised cost:
Interest on other loans
41
250
Interest on other financial liabilities:
Interest on lease liabilities
239
267
Total interest expense
280
517
9
Taxation
2023
2022
£'000
£'000
Current tax
UK corporation tax on profits for the current year
(1,693)
-
Adjustments in respect of prior periods
(288)
-
Total UK current tax
(1,981)
-
0
ACRO AIRCRAFT SEATING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
9
Taxation
2023
2022
£'000
£'000
(Continued)
- 31 -

The charge for the year can be reconciled to the loss per the profit and loss account as follows:

Loss before taxation
(7,679)
(6,551)
Expected tax credit based on a corporation tax rate of 23.52% (2022: 19.00%)
(1,806)
(1,245)
Adjustment in respect of prior years
(288)
-
0
Unutilised tax losses
1,806
2,374
Deferred tax adjustment
-
1,328
Restatement of deferred tax asset
-
(1,328)
Restatement of development costs
-
(1,129)
Deferrred tax asset recognised in current year
(1,693)
-
Taxation credit for the year
(1,981)
-
10
Intangible fixed assets
Development costs
Patents and licences
Total
£'000
£'000
£'000
Cost
At 31 December 2022
7,502
133
7,635
Additions - internally generated
-
0
56
56
At 31 December 2023
7,502
189
7,691
Amortisation and impairment
At 31 December 2022
7,502
91
7,593
Charge for the year
-
0
54
54
At 31 December 2023
7,502
145
7,647
Carrying amount
At 31 December 2023
-
0
44
44
At 31 December 2022
-
0
42
42
ACRO AIRCRAFT SEATING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
- 32 -
11
Tangible fixed assets
Leasehold improvements
Assets under construction
Fixtures and fittings
Plant and equipment
Motor vehicles
Demo Seats
Rights of use assets
Total
£'000
£'000
£'000
£'000
£'000
£'000
£'000
£'000
Cost
At 31 December 2022
1,649
27
738
3,257
51
602
9,336
15,660
Additions
96
-
0
97
121
-
0
42
-
356
At 31 December 2023
1,745
27
835
3,378
51
644
9,336
16,016
Accumulated depreciation and impairment
At 31 December 2022
583
-
0
489
2,398
11
350
2,254
6,085
Charge for the year
132
-
0
140
417
12
202
806
1,709
At 31 December 2023
715
-
0
629
2,815
23
552
3,060
7,794
Carrying amount
At 31 December 2023
1,030
27
206
563
28
92
6,276
8,222
At 31 December 2022
1,066
27
249
859
40
252
7,082
9,575
ACRO AIRCRAFT SEATING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
- 33 -
12
Subsidiaries

At the balance sheet date, the company invested in the following subsidiaries, the total investment was less than £1,000.

Name of undertaking
Registered office
Class of
% Held
shares held
Direct
Voting
Acro Aircraft Seating Inc.
USA
Ordinary
100
-
Anke Aircraft Seating (Shanghai) Co., Limited
P.R. China
Ordinary
100
-
13
Stocks
2023
2022
£'000
£'000
Raw materials
5,787
4,374
Work in progress
120
109
Finished goods
543
490
6,450
4,973
14
Debtors
2023
2022
£'000
£'000
Trade debtors
4,473
3,003
Provision for bad and doubtful debts
-
(366)
4,473
2,637
VAT recoverable
290
169
Amounts owed by group undertakings
1,264
1,184
Other debtors
(2)
3
Prepayments and accrued income
3,310
3,019
9,335
7,012
Deferred tax asset
1,693
-
11,028
7,012

All amounts owed by group companies are unsecured, interest free and repayable on demand.

ACRO AIRCRAFT SEATING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
- 34 -
15
Creditors
Due within one year
Due after one year
2023
2022
2023
2022
Notes
£'000
£'000
£'000
£'000
Loans and overdrafts
16
-
0
1,999
-
0
-
0
Creditors
17
22,169
8,973
-
0
-
0
Taxation and social security
300
220
-
0
-
0
Lease liabilities
18
985
971
6,025
6,994
23,454
12,163
6,025
6,994
Amounts owed to group undertakings are unsecured and interest bearing.
16
Loans and overdrafts
2023
2022
£'000
£'000
Borrowings held at amortised cost:
Bank loans
-
1,999
-
0
1,999
2023
2022
£'000
£'000
Secured borrowings included above:
Bank loans
-
0
(1,999)

The bank loans were repaid in 2023.

17
Creditors
2023
2022
£'000
£'000
Trade creditors
3,073
3,919
Amounts owed to group undertakings
15,132
2,741
Accruals and deferred income
1,347
1,426
Other creditors
2,617
887
22,169
8,973
ACRO AIRCRAFT SEATING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
- 35 -
18
Lease liabilities
2023
2022
Maturity analysis
£'000
£'000
Within one year
985
971
In two to five years
1,963
2,420
In over five years
4,062
4,574
Total undiscounted liabilities
7,010
7,965

Lease liabilities are classified based on the amounts that are expected to be settled within the next 12 months and after more than 12 months from the reporting date, as follows:

2023
2022
£'000
£'000
Current liabilities
985
971
Non-current liabilities
6,025
6,994
7,010
7,965
2023
2022
Amounts recognised in profit or loss include the following:
£'000
£'000
Interest on lease liabilities
239
267
ACRO AIRCRAFT SEATING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
- 36 -
19
Deferred taxation

The following are the major deferred tax liabilities and assets recognised by the company and movements thereon during the current and prior reporting period.

Tax losses
£'000
Deferred tax asset at 1 January 2022
(1,328)
Deferred tax movements in prior year
Other
1,328
Deferred tax liability at 1 January 2023
-
0
Deferred tax movements in current year
Credit to profit or loss
(1,693)
Deferred tax asset at 31 December 2023
(1,693)
ACRO AIRCRAFT SEATING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
- 37 -
20
Provisions for liabilities
2023
2022
£'000
£'000
774
923
Movements on provisions:
£'000
At 1 January 2023
923
Additional provisions in the year
85
Reversal of provision
(234)
At 31 December 2023
774

The current warranty provision is £213k (2022: £439k).

The dilapidation provision of £469k (2022: £440k) relates to the leased property at Old Brighton Road, Lowfield Heath, Crawley, lease ending on 31 December 2024. The dilapidation provision of £92k (2022: £44k) relates to the leased property at Eldon Way, Crick, Northampton, lease ending December 2035.

21
Retirement benefit schemes
Defined contribution schemes

The company operates a defined contribution pension scheme for all qualifying employees. The assets of the scheme are held separately from those of the company in an independently administered fund.

The total costs charged to income in respect of defined contribution plans is £611k (2022: £555k).

22
Share capital

At the balance sheet date, the Company has three classes of share - Ordinary, Ordinary A and Treasury shares.

Ordinary shares

On 31 October 2017, the Company re-designated its Ordinary A shares, Ordinary B shares, and Ordinary C shares to Ordinary shares, in a total of 302,778 Ordinary shares at £0.001 each.

On 22 December 2022, the Company issued 30,000,000 Ordinary shares of £0.001 each, at a premium of £0.999 per share to its immediate parent, Acro Holdings Limited, for cash consideration of £30,000,000.

Ordinary A shares

On 31 October 2017, 1,000 Ordinary A shares were allotted to the company's key personnel, and fully paid at £57 each, par value was £0.001 each.

ACRO AIRCRAFT SEATING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
22
Share capital
(Continued)
- 38 -

Treasury shares

On departure of any key personnel, the company purchased back their Ordinary A shares and held as the company's treasury shares.

During the financial year, the shareholders of the Company approved to repurchase nil (2022: nil) Ordinary A shares in a sum of nil (2022: nil), pursuant to the provisions of Section 659 of the Companies Act 2006 and The Companies (Acquisition of Own Shares) (Treasury Shares) Regulations 2003. The repurchased shares held as treasury shares may be distributed as share dividends, reissued, cancelled or any combination of the three opinions.

As treasury shares, the rights attached as to voting, dividends, participation in other distribution and otherwise are suspended, and the treasury shares shall not be taken into account in calculating the number or percentage of shares or of a class of shares for any purposes, including substantial shareholdings, takeovers, notices, the requisitioning of meetings, the quorum for a meeting, and the result of a vote on a resolution at a meeting.

23
Share premium account
2023
2022
£'000
£'000
At the beginning of the year
30,027
57
Issue of new shares
-
29,970
At the end of the year
30,027
30,027

In December 2022, Acro Aircraft Seating Limited issued 30,000,000 ordinary shares of £0.001 each at a premium of £0.999 per share to its immediate parent, Acro Holdings Limited, for cash consideration of £30,000,000.

24
Other reserves
Total
£'000
Balance at 1 January 2022
(57)
Balance at 31 December 2022
(57)
Balance at 31 December 2023
(57)

Other reserves relate to the company purchasing its own shares, held as treasury shares.

ACRO AIRCRAFT SEATING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
- 39 -
25
Related party transactions
Remuneration of key management personnel

The remuneration of key management personnel, including directors, is set out below in aggregate for each of the categories specified in IAS 24 Related Party Disclosures.

2023
2022
£'000
£'000
Short-term employee benefits
490
458
Post-employment benefits
74
83
564
541
Related party disclosures

The following amounts were outstanding at the reporting end date:

2023
2022
Amounts due to related parties
£'000
£'000
Amounts owed to group undertaking
15,132
2,741
2023
2022
Amounts due from related parties
£'000
£'000
Ultimate parent company
1,264
1,184
Other information

The amounts due from the ultimate and immediate parent companies represent the recharge of services provided by the company, charge for the year amounted to £80k (2022: £86k) and £nil (2022: £28k) respectively.

 

At the year end, the amount due from the ultimate parent company was £1.264m (2022: £1.184m) and from the immediate parent company £nil (2022: £nil). These balances are unsecured, interest free and repayable on demand (Note 14).

 

The amounts owed to group undertakings represent various short term loan and trade payable balances.

 

Interest charge in 2023 amounted to £nil (2022: £125k). Additional loans during the year from the immediate parent company were £9.25m. At the year end, amounts owed to the ultimate parent company were £5.882m (2022: £2.741m) and the amounts owed to the immediate parent company were £9.25m (2022: £nil) (Note 17).

 

ACRO AIRCRAFT SEATING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
- 40 -
26
Controlling party

The immediate parent company is Acro Holdings Limited, a company registered in the UK.

The ultimate parent company is Zhejiang Tiancheng Controls Co. Ltd, a company registered in China and floated in the Shanghai stock exchange (ticker symbol 603085 on en.china-tc.com).

There is no ultimate controlling party.

The smallest and largest undertaking for which the Company is a member and for which group financial statements are prepared is Zhejiang Tiancheng Controls Co. Ltd.

 

27
Restatement of comparative figures
Changes to the statement of financial position
At 31 December 2022
Previously reported
Adjustment
As restated
£'000
£'000
£'000
Net assets
1,718
-
1,718
Capital and reserves
Total equity
1,719
-
1,719
Changes to the income statement
Year ended 31 December 2022
Notes
Previously reported
Adjustment
As restated
£'000
£'000
£'000
Amounts written off investments
2
(5,943)
5,943
-
Taxation
3
(1,328)
1,328
-
Loss for the financial period
(13,822)
7,271
(6,551)
ACRO AIRCRAFT SEATING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
27
Restatement of comparative figures
(Continued)
- 41 -
Reconciliation of changes in equity
1 January
31 December
2022
2022
Notes
£'000
£'000
Equity as previously reported
(14,459)
1,719
Adjustments to prior year
Impairment of product development costs 2020
1
(5,838)
-
Product development costs expensed 2021
2
(2,140)
-
Amortisation of product development 2021
1 & 2
975
-
Amortisation of product development 2022
3
1,059
-
Deferred tax 2020 & 2021
(1,328)
-
Equity as adjusted
(21,731)
1,719
Reconciliation of changes in loss for the previous financial period
2022
Notes
£'000
Loss as previously reported
(13,822)
Adjustments to prior year
Impairment of product development costs 2020
1
5,838
Product development costs expensed 2021
2
2,139
Amortisation of product development 2021
1 & 2
(975)
Amortisation of product development 2022
3
(1,059)
Deferred tax 2020 & 2021
1,328
Loss as adjusted
(6,551)
ACRO AIRCRAFT SEATING LIMITED
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023
27
Restatement of comparative figures
(Continued)
- 42 -
Notes to reconciliation
1. Impairment of product development costs in 2020

IAS 36 requires assets within its scope to be tested for impairment when indicators of impairment exist at the end of a reporting period. Management had originally assessed the carrying value of the development costs at 31 December 2020 and concluded that they had not impaired.

 

However, having reviewed the information, management now consider their previous assessment was overly optimistic. There were operational disruptions to the company's supply chains due to Covid-19 and the company experienced a significant reduction in revenue.

 

On this basis, management are now of the opinion that the development costs should have been impaired at 31 December 2020.

2. Product development costs capitalised in 2021 and 2022

IAS 38 sets out the criteria for recognising an intangible asset, which must be met at the time the product development costs are incurred. One of those criteria is that it is probable that the company will generate sufficient revenue to recover the development costs. In 2021 and in 2022, product development costs were capitalised on this basis.

 

However, having reviewed the information, management now consider their previous assessment was overly optimistic and are now of the opinion that the expenditure on developing the company's products should have been expensed as incurred during 2021 and during 2022, on the basis that the criteria for recognising an intangible asset were not met.

3. Deferred tax asset 2020 and 2021

IAS 12 states a deferred tax asset is recognised for an unused tax loss carried forward if, and only if, it is considered probable that there will be sufficient future taxable profit against which the loss carry forward can be utilised.

 

Management have reconsidered their previous judgement and are now of the opinion that the length of time before the company could likely utilise its tax losses carried forward is too far away to meet the requirement of IAS 12 to recognise a deferred tax asset.

 

On this basis, a deferred tax asset should not have been recognised at 31 December 2020 and at 31 December 2021.

 

On the above matters, the change in management judgement in the current year is presented as a restatement of the comparative figures, to reflect a more true and fair view in the financial statements.

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