The Company has chosen to adopt FRS 102, Section 11 Basic Financial Instruments and 12 Other Financial Instruments Issues of FRS 102 in respect of financial instruments.
All financial assets and liabilities are initially measured at transaction price, including transaction costs, except for those financial assets classified at fair value through profit or loss, which are initially measured at fair value (at transaction price excluding transaction costs) unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction.
Financial assets and financial liabilities are only offset in the Company balance sheet when, and only when, there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and the Company intends to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
Debt instruments (other than those repayable or receivable within one year), including loans and other accounts receivable and payable, are initially measured at the present value of the future cash flows and subsequently amortised using the effective interest method.
Creditors
Short-term creditors are measured at transaction price. Other financial liabilities, including bank loans, are measured initially at fair value, net of transaction costs, and are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.
Debtors
Short-term debtors are measured at transaction price, less any impairment. Loans receivable are measured initially at fair value, net of transaction costs, and are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment.
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash is represented by cash on hand and deposits with financial institutions repayable without penalty on notice of not more than 24 hours. Cash equivalents are highly liquid investments which mature in no more than three months from the date of acquisition and which are readily convertible into known amounts of cash with insignificant risk of change in value.
Convertible debt
On issuing convertible debt that contain both a liability and an equity component, the Company allocates the proceeds between the liability component and the equity component. To make the allocation, the Company first determines the amount of the liability component as the fair value of a similar liability that does not have a conversion feature or similar associated equity component.
The Company allocates the residual amount as the equity component. Transaction costs are allocated between the debt component and the equity component on the basis of their relative fair values. The Company does not revise the allocation in a subsequent period. In periods after the instruments were issued, the Company accounts for the liability component as a financial instrument in accordance with Section 11 Basic Financial Instruments or Section 12 Other Financial Instruments Issues as appropriate.
Finance costs
Finance costs are charged to profit or loss over the term of the debt using the effective interest method so that the amount charged is at a constant rate on the carrying amount. Issue costs are initially recognised as a reduction in the proceeds of the associated financial instrument.