Caseware UK (AP4) 2023.0.135 2023.0.135 2024-05-312024-05-31falsefalsefalsefalse2023-06-0123631884 04155336 2023-06-01 2024-05-31 04155336 2022-06-01 2023-05-31 04155336 2024-05-31 04155336 2023-05-31 04155336 2022-06-01 04155336 2 2023-06-01 2024-05-31 04155336 2 2022-06-01 2023-05-31 04155336 5 2023-06-01 2024-05-31 04155336 5 2022-06-01 2023-05-31 04155336 7 2023-06-01 2024-05-31 04155336 7 2022-06-01 2023-05-31 04155336 d:Director1 2023-06-01 2024-05-31 04155336 d:Director2 2023-06-01 2024-05-31 04155336 d:RegisteredOffice 2023-06-01 2024-05-31 04155336 e:PlantMachinery 2023-06-01 2024-05-31 04155336 e:PlantMachinery 2024-05-31 04155336 e:PlantMachinery 2023-05-31 04155336 e:PlantMachinery e:OwnedOrFreeholdAssets 2023-06-01 2024-05-31 04155336 e:PlantMachinery e:LeasedAssetsHeldAsLessee 2023-06-01 2024-05-31 04155336 e:MotorVehicles 2023-06-01 2024-05-31 04155336 e:MotorVehicles 2024-05-31 04155336 e:MotorVehicles 2023-05-31 04155336 e:MotorVehicles e:OwnedOrFreeholdAssets 2023-06-01 2024-05-31 04155336 e:MotorVehicles e:LeasedAssetsHeldAsLessee 2023-06-01 2024-05-31 04155336 e:FurnitureFittings 2023-06-01 2024-05-31 04155336 e:FurnitureFittings 2024-05-31 04155336 e:FurnitureFittings 2023-05-31 04155336 e:FurnitureFittings e:OwnedOrFreeholdAssets 2023-06-01 2024-05-31 04155336 e:FurnitureFittings e:LeasedAssetsHeldAsLessee 2023-06-01 2024-05-31 04155336 e:OfficeEquipment 2023-06-01 2024-05-31 04155336 e:OfficeEquipment 2024-05-31 04155336 e:OfficeEquipment 2023-05-31 04155336 e:OfficeEquipment e:OwnedOrFreeholdAssets 2023-06-01 2024-05-31 04155336 e:OfficeEquipment e:LeasedAssetsHeldAsLessee 2023-06-01 2024-05-31 04155336 e:OwnedOrFreeholdAssets 2023-06-01 2024-05-31 04155336 e:LeasedAssetsHeldAsLessee 2023-06-01 2024-05-31 04155336 e:DevelopmentCostsCapitalisedDevelopmentExpenditure 2024-05-31 04155336 e:DevelopmentCostsCapitalisedDevelopmentExpenditure 2023-05-31 04155336 e:Goodwill 2024-05-31 04155336 e:Goodwill 2023-05-31 04155336 e:CurrentFinancialInstruments 2024-05-31 04155336 e:CurrentFinancialInstruments 2023-05-31 04155336 e:CurrentFinancialInstruments 1 2024-05-31 04155336 e:CurrentFinancialInstruments 1 2023-05-31 04155336 e:Non-currentFinancialInstruments 2024-05-31 04155336 e:Non-currentFinancialInstruments 2023-05-31 04155336 e:CurrentFinancialInstruments e:WithinOneYear 2024-05-31 04155336 e:CurrentFinancialInstruments e:WithinOneYear 2023-05-31 04155336 e:Non-currentFinancialInstruments e:AfterOneYear 2024-05-31 04155336 e:Non-currentFinancialInstruments e:AfterOneYear 2023-05-31 04155336 e:ReportableOperatingSegment1 2023-06-01 2024-05-31 04155336 e:ReportableOperatingSegment1 2022-06-01 2023-05-31 04155336 e:UKTax 2023-06-01 2024-05-31 04155336 e:UKTax 2022-06-01 2023-05-31 04155336 e:ShareCapital 2024-05-31 04155336 e:ShareCapital 2023-05-31 04155336 e:ShareCapital 2022-06-01 04155336 e:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedLosses 2023-06-01 2024-05-31 04155336 e:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedLosses 2024-05-31 04155336 e:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedLosses 2 2023-06-01 2024-05-31 04155336 e:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedLosses 2022-06-01 2023-05-31 04155336 e:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedLosses 2023-05-31 04155336 e:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedLosses 2022-06-01 04155336 e:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedLosses 2 2022-06-01 2023-05-31 04155336 e:FinancialAssetsDesignatedFairValueThroughProfitOrLoss 2024-05-31 04155336 e:FinancialAssetsDesignatedFairValueThroughProfitOrLoss 2023-05-31 04155336 e:FinancialLiabilitiesFairValueThroughProfitOrLoss e:ListedExchangeTraded 2024-05-31 04155336 e:FinancialLiabilitiesFairValueThroughProfitOrLoss e:ListedExchangeTraded 2023-05-31 04155336 e:AcceleratedTaxDepreciationDeferredTax 2024-05-31 04155336 e:AcceleratedTaxDepreciationDeferredTax 2023-05-31 04155336 d:OrdinaryShareClass1 2023-06-01 2024-05-31 04155336 d:OrdinaryShareClass1 2024-05-31 04155336 d:OrdinaryShareClass1 2023-05-31 04155336 d:FRS102 2023-06-01 2024-05-31 04155336 d:Audited 2023-06-01 2024-05-31 04155336 d:FullAccounts 2023-06-01 2024-05-31 04155336 d:PrivateLimitedCompanyLtd 2023-06-01 2024-05-31 04155336 e:WithinOneYear 2024-05-31 04155336 e:WithinOneYear 2023-05-31 04155336 e:BetweenOneFiveYears 2024-05-31 04155336 e:BetweenOneFiveYears 2023-05-31 04155336 e:HirePurchaseContracts e:WithinOneYear 2024-05-31 04155336 e:HirePurchaseContracts e:WithinOneYear 2023-05-31 04155336 e:HirePurchaseContracts e:BetweenOneFiveYears 2024-05-31 04155336 e:HirePurchaseContracts e:BetweenOneFiveYears 2023-05-31 04155336 e:DevelopmentCostsCapitalisedDevelopmentExpenditure e:InternallyGeneratedIntangibleAssets 2023-06-01 2024-05-31 04155336 e:ComputerSoftware e:InternallyGeneratedIntangibleAssets 2023-06-01 2024-05-31 04155336 e:InternallyGeneratedIntangibleAssets 2023-06-01 2024-05-31 04155336 e:MotorVehicles e:LeasedAssetsHeldAsLessee 2024-05-31 04155336 e:MotorVehicles e:LeasedAssetsHeldAsLessee 2023-05-31 04155336 e:Goodwill e:OwnedIntangibleAssets 2023-06-01 2024-05-31 04155336 e:DevelopmentCostsCapitalisedDevelopmentExpenditure e:OwnedIntangibleAssets 2023-06-01 2024-05-31 04155336 f:PoundSterling 2023-06-01 2024-05-31 iso4217:GBP xbrli:shares xbrli:pure

Registered number: 04155336









CLEANTEC SERVICES LIMITED









ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MAY 2024

 
CLEANTEC SERVICES LIMITED
 
 
COMPANY INFORMATION


Directors
P F Rochford 
C J Rogers 




Registered number
04155336



Registered office
Unit 2
Handford Court

Garston Lane

Watford

WD25 9EJ




Independent auditors
Moore Kingston Smith LLP
Chartered Accountants and Statutory Auditors

4 Victoria Square

St Albans

Hertfordshire

AL1 3TF





 
CLEANTEC SERVICES LIMITED
 

CONTENTS



Page
Strategic Report
1 - 2
Directors' Report
3 - 5
Independent Auditors' Report
6 - 9
Statement of Comprehensive Income
10
Balance Sheet
11
Statement of Changes in Equity
12
Statement of Cash Flows
13 - 14
Analysis of Net Debt
15
Notes to the Financial Statements
16 - 30

 
CLEANTEC SERVICES LIMITED
 
 
STRATEGIC REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MAY 2024

Introduction
 
The Directors present their report and the financial statements for the year ended 31 May 2024.

Business review
 
The company provide cleaning services to a variety of clients, largely in the educational and commercial sectors.

Principal risks and uncertainties
 
The process of risk management more generally is addressed through a framework of policies, procedures and internal controls. The policies are subject to Board approval, and compliance with regulatory, legal, ethical and moral standards is a high priority for the Company.
Competition - The Company operates in a highly competitive environment and as such it is influenced by the actions of competitors and clients. Discounting by current competitors or new entrants into the market could have a negative effect on both turnover and profitability.
The Board also recogines the need for Cleantec to be a progressive company that keeps up with best practice;          to this end we have achieved  B Corp Status and continue to implement Carbon Reduction plans as part of the ESOS Regulations
Liquidity Risk - The Company manages its cash and borrowing requirements in order to minimise interest expense whilst ensuring the company has sufficient liquid resources to meet operating needs.
Interest Rate Risk - The Company is exposed to interest rate risk on loans.
Credit Risk - The Company invests cash surpluses through banks and companies which fulfil credit rating criteria approved by the board. Customers who wish to trade with the company are subject to credit verification procedures.
Economic risk - The Board are mindful of the uncertainty that exists, both locally and globally.  The company has a large customer base including a significant number of customers in the Public Sector. It is for this reason that the board feel the risks arising from an economic downturn have been mitigated.

Liquidity Risk - The Company manages its cash and borrowing requirements in order to minimise interest expense whilst ensuring the company has sufficient liquid resources to meet operating needs Liquidity Risk - The Company manages its cash and borrowing requirements in order to minimise interest expense whilst ensuring the company has sufficient liquid resources to meet operating needs. 

Financial key performance indicators
 
In the year to 31 May 2024 the company achieved sales growth of £6.04m (25%), but a increase in operating profit of £595k (80%) compared to the previous year. 

Other key performance indicators
 
The Company monitors its progress through close comparison of performance against budgeted profitability, cash flow, debtor and creditor days, and capital expenditure.
Both financial and non-financial KPI’s are used including labour to sales ratio, debtor and creditor days and weekly cash flow reviews.

Page 1

 
CLEANTEC SERVICES LIMITED
 

STRATEGIC REPORT (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MAY 2024


This report was approved by the board and signed on its behalf.



P F Rochford
Director

Date: 25 February 2025
Page 2

 
CLEANTEC SERVICES LIMITED
 
 
 
DIRECTORS' REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MAY 2024

The directors present their report and the financial statements for the year ended 31 May 2024.

Directors' responsibilities statement

The directors are responsible for preparing the Strategic Report, the Directors' Report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.
 
Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the directors have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice), including Financial Reporting Standard 102 ‘The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland'. Under company law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Company and of the profit or loss of the Company for that period.

 In preparing these financial statements, the directors are required to:


select suitable accounting policies for the Company's financial statements and then apply them consistently;

make judgments and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent;

prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the Company will continue in business.

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the Company's transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Company and to enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

Principal activity

The principal activity of the company was that of cleaning contractors. 

Results and dividends

The profit for the year, after taxation, amounted to £976,792 (2023 - £542,841).

The directors do not recommend payment of dividend (2023: £nil). 

Directors

The directors who served during the year were:

P F Rochford 
C J Rogers 

Future developments

In the coming year the Company's objectives remain consistent, with particular emphasis on consolidating the gains made in profitability, diversifying the services we offer, securing additional sales and improving cash flow generation.

Page 3

 
CLEANTEC SERVICES LIMITED
 
 
 
DIRECTORS' REPORT (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MAY 2024

Engagement with employees

We became one of the first Cleaning Companies in the UK to become an Employee-Owned Business in 2021.  This will safeguard the business for the benefit of current and future employees. 
We continue to run the employee council on a quarterly basis which was set up in early 2022 comprising of employee representatives from across the Business.
The Council aims to:
a) Provide employees with information on matters of concern to them as partners within the business.
b) Consult employees on a regular basis so that the views of the employees can be taken into account when making decisions which are likely to affect their interests.
c) Encourage the involvement of employees in the Company's performance.
CleanTec monitor and review strategic objectives of the business through monthly board meetings and senior leadership meetings, reviewing areas regarding clients, operations, human resources and financial performance
.
CleanTec Services is an equal opportunities and Disability Confident Employer, working with disabled people and those with long term health conditions on the same basis as all other employees.
The Directors are committed to ensuring that all our employees have the same opportunities to fulfil their potential and realise their aspirations.

Qualifying third party indemnity provisions

There is an indirect provision for indemnity for the directors of the company against a liability. 
Corporate Social Responsibility
CleanTec have a mission to protect the environment, treat staff fairly and contribute to the communities we work in. We proudly hold accreditation for the ISO 14001:2015 certifications and are working to be Net Zero by 2040.

Matters covered in the Strategic Report

The financial risk management objectives and policies of the company and the exposure of the company to price risk, credit risk, liquidity risk and cash flow risk are addressed in the Strategic Report. 

Disclosure of information to auditors

Each of the persons who are directors at the time when this Directors' Report is approved has confirmed that:
 
so far as the director is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the Company's auditors are unaware, and

the director has taken all the steps that ought to have been taken as a director in order to be aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the Company's auditors are aware of that information.

Post balance sheet events

There have been no significant events affecting the company since the year end.

Page 4

 
CLEANTEC SERVICES LIMITED
 
 
 
DIRECTORS' REPORT (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MAY 2024

Auditors

The auditorsMoore Kingston Smith LLPwill be proposed for reappointment in accordance with section 485 of the Companies Act 2006.

This report was approved by the board and signed on its behalf.
 



P F Rochford
Director

Date: 25 February 2025
Page 5

 
CLEANTEC SERVICES LIMITED
 
 
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF CLEANTEC SERVICES LIMITED
 

Opinion


We have audited the financial statements of CleanTec Services Limited (the 'Company') for the year ended 31 May 2024, which comprise the Statement of Comprehensive Income, the Balance Sheet, the Statement of Cash Flows, the Statement of Changes in Equity and the related notes, including a summary of significant accounting policiesThe financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including Financial Reporting Standard 102 ‘The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland' (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).


In our opinion the financial statements:


give a true and fair view of the state of the Company's affairs as at 31 May 2024 and of its profit for the year then ended;
have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and
have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.


Basis for opinion


We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditors' responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the Company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the United Kingdom, including the Financial Reporting Council's Ethical Standard and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.


Conclusions relating to going concern


In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate.


Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the Company's ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue.


Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report.


Page 6

 
CLEANTEC SERVICES LIMITED
 
 
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF CLEANTEC SERVICES LIMITED (CONTINUED)


Other information


The other information comprises the information included in the Annual Report other than the financial statements and our Auditors' Report thereon. The directors are responsible for the other information contained within the Annual ReportOur opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact.


We have nothing to report in this regard.


Opinion on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006
 

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit:


the information given in the Strategic Report and the Directors' Report for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and
the Strategic Report and the Directors' Report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.


Matters on which we are required to report by exception
 

In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the Company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the Strategic Report or the Directors' Report.


We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:


adequate accounting records have not been kept, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or
the financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or
certain disclosures of directors' remuneration specified by law are not made; or
we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.


Responsibilities of directors
 

As explained more fully in the Directors' Responsibilities Statement set out on page 3, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.


In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the Company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the Company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.


Page 7

 
CLEANTEC SERVICES LIMITED
 
 
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF CLEANTEC SERVICES LIMITED (CONTINUED)


Auditors' responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements
 

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an Auditors' Report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.


Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud. The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below:

Discussions with and enquiries of management and those charged with governance were held with a view to identifying those laws and regulations that could be expected to have a material impact on the financial statements. During the engagement team briefing, the outcomes of these discussions and enquiries were shared with the team, as well as consideration as to where and how fraud may occur in the entity. 
The following laws and regulations were identified as being of significance to the entity: 
• Those laws and regulations considered to have a direct effect on the financial statements include UK financial reporting standards, Company Law, Tax and Pensions legislation, and distributable profits legislation. 
• Those laws and regulations for which non-compliance may be fundamental to the operating aspects of the business and therefore may have a material effect on the financial statements include operational requirements,   environmental regulations, health and safety legislation, employment law and data protection.
Audit procedures undertaken in response to the potential risks relating to irregularities (which include fraud and non-compliance with laws and regulations) comprised of: inquiries of management and those charged with governance as to whether the entity complies with such laws and regulations; enquiries with the same concerning any actual or potential litigation or claims; inspection of relevant legal correspondence; review of board minutes; testing the appropriateness of journal entries; and the performance of analytical review to identify unexpected movements in account balances which may be indicative of fraud.
No instances of material non-compliance were identified. However, the likelihood of detecting irregularities, including fraud, is limited by the inherent difficulty in detecting irregularities, the effectiveness of the entity’s controls, and the nature, timing and extent of the audit procedures performed. Irregularities that result from fraud might be inherently more difficult to detect than irregularities that result from error. As explained above, there is an unavoidable risk that material misstatements may not be detected, even though the audit has been planned and performed in accordance with ISAs (UK).


Because of the inherent limitations of an audit, there is a risk that we will not detect all irregularities, including those leading to a material misstatement in the financial statements or non-compliance with regulation. This risk increases the more that compliance with a law or regulation is removed from the events and transactions reflected in the financial statements, as we will be less likely to become aware of instances of non-compliance. The risk is also greater regarding irregularities occurring due to fraud rather than error, as fraud involves intentional concealment, forgery, collusion, omission or misrepresentation.


Page 8

 
CLEANTEC SERVICES LIMITED
 
 
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF CLEANTEC SERVICES LIMITED (CONTINUED)


As part of an audit in accordance with ISAs (UK), we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional scepticism throughout the audit. We also:


Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.
Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion of the effectiveness of the Company's internal control.
Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by the directors.
Conclude on the appropriateness of the directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our Auditors' Report to the related disclosures in the financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our Auditors' Report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Company to cease to continue as a going concern.
Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the financial statements, including the disclosures, and whether the financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation.


We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit.


Use of our report
 

This report is made solely to the Company's members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the Company's members those matters we are required to state to them in an Auditors' Report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the Company and the Company's members, as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.





Graham Wintle (Senior Statutory Auditor)
  
for and on behalf of
Moore Kingston Smith LLP
 
Chartered Accountants and Statutory Auditors
  
4 Victoria Square
St Albans
Hertfordshire
AL1 3TF

25 February 2025
Page 9

 
CLEANTEC SERVICES LIMITED
 
 
STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MAY 2024

2024
2023
Note
£
£

  

Turnover
 4 
30,567,154
24,529,814

Cost of sales
  
(25,523,618)
(20,732,556)

Gross profit
  
5,043,536
3,797,258

Administrative expenses
  
(3,702,375)
(3,051,213)

Operating profit
  
1,341,161
746,045

Interest payable and similar expenses
 8 
(55,952)
(15,728)

Profit before tax
  
1,285,209
730,317

Tax on profit
 9 
(308,417)
(187,476)

Profit for the financial year
  
976,792
542,841

Other comprehensive income for the year
  

Total comprehensive income for the year
  
976,792
542,841

The notes on pages 16 to 30 form part of these financial statements.

Page 10

 
CLEANTEC SERVICES LIMITED
REGISTERED NUMBER: 04155336

BALANCE SHEET
AS AT 31 MAY 2024

2024
2023
Note
£
£

Fixed assets
  

Intangible assets
 10 
21,000
15,000

Tangible assets
 11 
111,777
93,191

  
132,777
108,191

Current assets
  

Debtors: amounts falling due within one year
 12 
4,324,444
3,359,112

Cash at bank and in hand
 13 
590,524
236,358

  
4,914,968
3,595,470

Creditors: amounts falling due within one year
 14 
(4,416,980)
(3,322,636)

Net current assets
  
 
 
497,988
 
 
272,834

Total assets less current liabilities
  
630,765
381,025

Creditors: amounts falling due after more than one year
 15 
(6,426)
(9,085)

Provisions for liabilities
  

Deferred tax
  
(23,352)
(14,672)

Net assets
  
600,987
357,268


Capital and reserves
  

Called up share capital 
 19 
200
200

Profit and loss account
 20 
600,787
357,068

  
600,987
357,268


The financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the board and were signed on its behalf by: 


P F Rochford
Director

Date: 25 February 2025

The notes on pages 16 to 30 form part of these financial statements.
Page 11

 
CLEANTEC SERVICES LIMITED
 

STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MAY 2024


Called up share capital
Profit and loss account
Total equity

£
£
£


At 1 June 2022
200
889,614
889,814



Profit for the year
-
542,841
542,841

Contributions to EOT and EBT
-
(1,075,387)
(1,075,387)



At 1 June 2023
200
357,068
357,268



Profit for the year
-
976,792
976,792

Contributions to EOT and EBT
-
(733,073)
(733,073)


At 31 May 2024
200
600,787
600,987


The notes on pages 16 to 30 form part of these financial statements.

Page 12

 
CLEANTEC SERVICES LIMITED
 

STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MAY 2024

2024
2023
£
£

Cash flows from operating activities

Profit for the financial year
976,792
542,841

Adjustments for:

Amortisation of intangible assets
1,500
-

Depreciation of tangible assets
37,565
27,262

Loss on disposal of tangible assets
6,470
-

Interest paid
55,596
15,728

Taxation charge
308,417
187,476

(Increase) in debtors
(965,333)
(702,775)

Increase in creditors
1,040,530
465,749

Corporation tax (paid)
(208,663)
(174,614)

Net cash generated from operating activities

1,252,874
361,667


Cash flows from investing activities

Purchase of intangible fixed assets
(7,500)
(15,000)

Purchase of tangible fixed assets
(62,620)
(57,461)

HP interest paid
(477)
(278)

Net cash from investing activities

(70,597)
(72,739)
Page 13

 
CLEANTEC SERVICES LIMITED
 

STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MAY 2024


2024
2023

£
£



Cash flows from financing activities

Repayment of/new finance leases
(2,659)
11,744

Movements on invoice discounting
(37,260)
37,156

Payments to EBT and EOT
(733,073)
(1,075,387)

Interest paid
(55,119)
(15,450)

Net cash used in financing activities
(828,111)
(1,041,937)

Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
354,166
(753,009)

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
236,358
989,367

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of year
590,524
236,358


Cash and cash equivalents at the end of year comprise:

Cash at bank and in hand
590,524
236,358

590,524
236,358


The notes on pages 16 to 30 form part of these financial statements.

Page 14

 
CLEANTEC SERVICES LIMITED
 

ANALYSIS OF NET DEBT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MAY 2024




At 1 June 2023
Cash flows
At 31 May 2024
£

£

£

Cash at bank and in hand

236,358

354,166

590,524

Debt due within 1 year

(71,838)

23,741

(48,097)

Finance leases

(11,744)

2,659

(9,085)


152,776
380,566
533,342

The notes on pages 16 to 30 form part of these financial statements.

Page 15

 
CLEANTEC SERVICES LIMITED
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MAY 2024

1.


General information

CleanTec Services Limited is a company limited by shares and incorporated in England & Wales under
the Companies Act 2006. The address of the registered office is given on the Company information page.
The nature of the Company's operations and its principal activities are set out in the Directors’ report. 

2.Accounting policies

 
2.1

Basis of preparation of financial statements

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention unless otherwise specified within these accounting policies and in accordance with Financial Reporting Standard 102, the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and the Republic of Ireland and the Companies Act 2006.

The preparation of financial statements in compliance with FRS 102 requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires management to exercise judgment in applying the Company's accounting policies (see note 3).

The following principal accounting policies have been applied:

 
2.2

Revenue

Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured. Revenue is measured as the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, excluding discounts, rebates, value added tax and other sales taxes. The following criteria must also be met before revenue is recognised:

Rendering of services

Revenue from a contract to provide services is recognised in the period in which the services are provided in accordance with the stage of completion of the contract when all of the following conditions are satisfied:
the amount of revenue can be measured reliably;
it is probable that the Company will receive the consideration due under the contract;
the stage of completion of the contract at the end of the reporting period can be measured reliably; and
the costs incurred and the costs to complete the contract can be measured reliably.

 
2.3

Operating leases: the Company as lessee

Rentals paid under operating leases are charged to profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Benefits received and receivable as an incentive to sign an operating lease are recognised on a straight-line basis over the lease term, unless another systematic basis is representative of the time pattern of the lessee's benefit from the use of the leased asset.

 
2.4

Finance costs

Finance costs are charged to profit or loss over the term of the debt using the effective interest method so that the amount charged is at a constant rate on the carrying amount. Issue costs are initially recognised as a reduction in the proceeds of the associated capital instrument.

Page 16

 
CLEANTEC SERVICES LIMITED
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MAY 2024

2.Accounting policies (continued)

 
2.5

Pensions

Defined contribution pension plan

The Company operates a defined contribution plan for its employees. A defined contribution plan is a pension plan under which the Company pays fixed contributions into a separate entity. Once the contributions have been paid the Company has no further payment obligations.

The contributions are recognised as an expense in profit or loss when they fall due. Amounts not paid are shown in accruals as a liability in the Balance Sheet. The assets of the plan are held separately from the Company in independently administered funds.

 
2.6

Share-based payments

Where share options are awarded to employees, the fair value of the options at the date of grant is charged to profit or loss over the vesting period. Non-market vesting conditions are taken into account by adjusting the number of equity instruments expected to vest at each balance sheet date so that, ultimately, the cumulative amount recognised over the vesting period is based on the number of options that eventually vest. Market vesting conditions are factored into the fair value of the options granted. The cumulative expense is not adjusted for failure to achieve a market vesting condition.
The fair value of the award also takes into account non-vesting conditions. These are either factors beyond the control of either party (such as a target based on an index) or factors which are within the control of one or other of the parties (such as the Company keeping the scheme open or the employee maintaining any contributions required by the scheme).
Where the terms and conditions of options are modified before they vest, the increase in the fair value of the options, measured immediately before and after the modification, is also charged to profit or loss over the remaining vesting period.
Where equity instruments are granted to persons other than employees, profit or loss is charged with fair value of goods and services received.

Page 17

 
CLEANTEC SERVICES LIMITED
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MAY 2024

2.Accounting policies (continued)

 
2.7

Current and deferred taxation

The tax expense for the year comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in profit or loss except that a charge attributable to an item of income and expense recognised as other comprehensive income or to an item recognised directly in equity is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively.

The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date in the countries where the Company operates and generates income.

Deferred tax balances are recognised in respect of all timing differences that have originated but not reversed by the balance sheet date, except that:
The recognition of deferred tax assets is limited to the extent that it is probable that they will be recovered against the reversal of deferred tax liabilities or other future taxable profits; and
Any deferred tax balances are reversed if and when all conditions for retaining associated tax allowances have been met.

Deferred tax balances are not recognised in respect of permanent differences except in respect of business combinations, when deferred tax is recognised on the differences between the fair values of assets acquired and the future tax deductions available for them and the differences between the fair values of liabilities acquired and the amount that will be assessed for tax. Deferred tax is determined using tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date.

 
2.8

Intangible assets

Intangible assets are initially recognised at cost. After recognition, under the cost model, intangible assets are measured at cost less any accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses.

All intangible assets are considered to have a finite useful life. If a reliable estimate of the useful life cannot be made, the useful life shall not exceed ten years.

 
2.9

Tangible fixed assets

Tangible fixed assets under the cost model are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses. Historical cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management.

Page 18

 
CLEANTEC SERVICES LIMITED
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MAY 2024

2.Accounting policies (continued)


2.9
Tangible fixed assets (continued)

Depreciation is charged so as to allocate the cost of assets less their residual value over their estimated useful lives, .

Depreciation is provided on the following basis:

Plant and machinery
-
25%
Reducing balance
Motor vehicles
-
25%
Straight line
Fixtures and fittings
-
20%
Straight line
Office equipment
-

The assets' residual values, useful lives and depreciation methods are reviewed, and adjusted prospectively if appropriate, or if there is an indication of a significant change since the last reporting date.

Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing the proceeds with the carrying amount and are recognised in profit or loss.

 
2.10

Debtors

Short-term debtors are measured at transaction price, less any impairment. Loans receivable are measured initially at fair value, net of transaction costs, and are measured subsequently at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment.

 
2.11

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash is represented by cash in hand and deposits with financial institutions repayable without penalty on notice of not more than 24 hours. Cash equivalents are highly liquid investments that mature in no more than three months from the date of acquisition and that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash with insignificant risk of change in value.

In the Statement of Cash Flows, cash and cash equivalents are shown net of bank overdrafts that are repayable on demand and form an integral part of the Company's cash management.

 
2.12

Creditors

Short-term creditors are measured at the transaction price. Other financial liabilities, including bank loans, are measured initially at fair value, net of transaction costs, and are measured subsequently at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

 
2.13

Provisions for liabilities

Provisions are recognised when an event has taken place that gives rise to a legal or constructive obligation, a transfer of economic benefits is probable and a reliable estimate can be made.
Provisions are measured as the best estimate of the amount required to settle the obligation, taking into account the related risks and uncertainties.
 
Increases in provisions are generally charged as an expense to profit or loss.

Page 19

 
CLEANTEC SERVICES LIMITED
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MAY 2024

2.Accounting policies (continued)

 
2.14

Financial instruments

The Company has elected to apply the provisions of Section 11 “Basic Financial Instruments” of FRS 102 to all of its financial instruments.

Basic financial assets

Basic financial assets, which include trade and other receivables, cash and bank balances, are initially measured at their transaction price including transaction costs and are subsequently carried at their amortised cost using the effective interest method, less any provision for impairment, unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the transaction is measured at the present value of the future receipts discounted at a market rate of interest.

Discounting is omitted where the effect of discounting is immaterial. The Company's cash and cash equivalents, trade and most other receivables due with the operating cycle fall into this category of financial instruments.

Impairment of financial assets

Financial assets are assessed for indicators of impairment at each reporting date. 

Financial assets are impaired when events, subsequent to their initial recognition, indicate the estimated future cash flows derived from the financial asset(s) have been adversely impacted. The impairment loss will be the difference between the current carrying amount and the present value of the future cash flows at the asset(s) original effective interest rate.

If there is a favourable change in relation to the events surrounding the impairment loss then the impairment can be reviewed for possible reversal. The reversal will not cause the current carrying amount to exceed the original carrying amount had the impairment not been recognised. The impairment reversal is recognised in the profit or loss.

Financial liabilities

Financial liabilities and equity instruments are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into. An equity instruments any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the Company after the deduction of all its liabilities.

Basic financial liabilities, which include trade and other payables, bank loans and other loans are initially measured at their transaction price after transaction costs. When this constitutes a financing transaction, whereby the debt instrument is measured at the present value of the future receipts discounted at a market rate of interest. Discounting is omitted where the effect of discounting is immaterial.

Debt instruments are subsequently carried at their amortised cost using the effective interest rate method.

Trade payables are obligations to pay for goods and services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business from suppliers. Trade payables are classified as current liabilities if the payment is due within one year. If not, they represent non-current liabilities. Trade payables are initially recognised at their transaction price and subsequently are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Discounting is omitted where the effect of discounting is immaterial.

Page 20

 
CLEANTEC SERVICES LIMITED
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MAY 2024

3.


Judgments in applying accounting policies and key sources of estimation uncertainty

The preparation of the financial statements requires management to make judgments, estimates and
assumptions that affect the amounts reported for assets and liabilities as at the balance sheet date and
the amounts reported for revenues and expenses during the year. The nature of estimation means the
actual outcomes could differ from those estimates.


4.


Turnover

An analysis of turnover by class of business is as follows:


2024
2023
£
£

Sales
30,567,154
24,529,814


All turnover arose within the United Kingdom.


5.


Auditors' remuneration

2024
2023
£
£

Fees payable to the Company's auditors for the audit of the Company's financial statements
18,850
12,200

Fees payable to the Company's auditors in respect of:

All non-audit services not included above
5,050
4,450
Page 21

 
CLEANTEC SERVICES LIMITED
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MAY 2024

6.


Employees

Staff costs, including directors' remuneration, were as follows:


2024
2023
£
£

Wages and salaries
24,376,962
19,628,448

Social security costs
911,316
854,943

Cost of defined contribution scheme
1,042,956
779,592

26,331,234
21,262,983


Key management remuneration in the year was £280,828 (2023: £288,467).

The average monthly number of employees, including the directors, during the year was as follows:


        2024
        2023
            No.
            No.







Employees
2,363
1,884


7.


Directors' remuneration

2024
2023
£
£

Directors' emoluments
106,307
111,049

Company contributions to defined contribution pension schemes
74,410
48,686

180,717
159,735


During the year retirement benefits were accruing to 2 directors (2023 - 2) in respect of defined contribution pension schemes.


8.


Interest payable and similar expenses

2024
2023
£
£


Bank interest payable
55,119
15,450

Finance leases and hire purchase contracts
477
278

Other interest payable
356
-

55,952
15,728

Page 22

 
CLEANTEC SERVICES LIMITED
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MAY 2024

9.


Taxation


2024
2023
£
£

Corporation tax


Current tax on profits for the year
270,527
151,811

Adjustments in respect of previous periods
29,210
27,642


Deferred tax


Origination and reversal of timing differences
8,680
8,023


Tax on profit
308,417
187,476

Factors affecting tax charge for the year

The tax assessed for the year is lower than (2023 - higher than) the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK of 25% (2023 - 20%). The differences are explained below:

2024
2023
£
£


Profit on ordinary activities before tax
1,285,209
730,317


Profit on ordinary activities multiplied by standard rate of corporation tax in the UK of 25% (2023 - 20%)
321,302
146,063

Effects of:


Expenses not deductible for tax purposes, other than goodwill amortisation and impairment
6,258
24,834

Capital allowances for year in excess of depreciation
4,208
2,595

Adjustments to tax charge in respect of prior periods
29,210
5,528

Changes in provisions leading to an increase (decrease) in the tax charge
(50,020)
-

Other differences leading to an increase (decrease) in the tax charge
(2,541)
8,456

Total tax charge for the year
308,417
187,476


Factors that may affect future tax charges

There were no factors that may affect future tax charges.

Page 23

 
CLEANTEC SERVICES LIMITED
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MAY 2024

10.


Intangible assets




Website
Goodwill
Total

£
£
£



Cost


At 1 June 2023
15,000
266,742
281,742


Additions
7,500
-
7,500



At 31 May 2024

22,500
266,742
289,242



Amortisation


At 1 June 2023
-
266,742
266,742


Charge for the year on owned assets
1,500
-
1,500



At 31 May 2024

1,500
266,742
268,242



Net book value



At 31 May 2024
21,000
-
21,000



At 31 May 2023
15,000
-
15,000



Page 24

 
CLEANTEC SERVICES LIMITED
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MAY 2024

11.


Tangible fixed assets





Plant and machinery
Motor vehicles
Fixtures and fittings
Office equipment
Total

£
£
£
£
£



Cost or valuation


At 1 June 2023
78,239
14,295
79,779
-
172,313


Additions
47,001
-
1,886
13,733
62,620


Disposals
(31,954)
-
-
-
(31,954)



At 31 May 2024

93,286
14,295
81,665
13,733
202,979



Depreciation


At 1 June 2023
30,418
2,085
46,619
-
79,122


Charge for the year on owned assets
16,402
-
16,082
1,507
33,991


Charge for the year on financed assets
-
3,573
-
-
3,573


Disposals
(25,484)
-
-
-
(25,484)



At 31 May 2024

21,336
5,658
62,701
1,507
91,202



Net book value



At 31 May 2024
71,950
8,637
18,964
12,226
111,777



At 31 May 2023
47,821
12,210
33,160
-
93,191

The net book value of assets held under finance leases or hire purchase contracts, included above, are as follows:


2024
2023
£
£



Motor vehicles
8,637
12,210

Page 25

 
CLEANTEC SERVICES LIMITED
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MAY 2024

12.


Debtors

2024
2023
£
£


Trade debtors
4,260,007
3,191,633

Other debtors
5,948
4,118

Prepayments and accrued income
58,489
163,361

4,324,444
3,359,112



13.


Cash and cash equivalents

2024
2023
£
£

Cash at bank and in hand
590,524
236,358



14.


Creditors: Amounts falling due within one year

2024
2023
£
£

Trade creditors
203,745
176,916

Corporation tax
270,527
179,453

Other taxation and social security
1,559,902
1,356,360

Obligations under finance lease and hire purchase contracts
2,659
2,659

Proceeds of factored debts
-
37,260

Other creditors
2,270,960
1,356,804

Accruals and deferred income
109,187
213,184

4,416,980
3,322,636


The invoice discounting facility is secured by a fixed and floating charge over the undertaking and all property and assets present and future, including goodwill, book debts, uncalled capital, buildings, fixtures, fixed plant & machinery.
The hire purchase creditor is secured over the assets to which it pertains. 

Page 26

 
CLEANTEC SERVICES LIMITED
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MAY 2024

15.


Creditors: Amounts falling due after more than one year

2024
2023
£
£

Net obligations under finance leases and hire purchase contracts
6,426
9,085



16.


Hire purchase and finance leases


Minimum lease payments under hire purchase fall due as follows:

2024
2023
£
£


Within one year
2,659
2,659

Between 1-5 years
6,426
9,085

9,085
11,744


17.


Financial instruments

2024
2023
£
£

Financial assets


Financial assets measured at amortised cost
4,324,444
3,359,112


Financial liabilities


Financial liabilities measured at amortised cost
4,152,879
3,152,268


Financial assets measured at amortised cost comprise trade debtors. prepayments and other debtors.


Finacial liabilities measured at amortised cost comprise trade creditors, other taxation and social security, obligations under finance leases and hire purchase, proceeds of factored debts, other creditors, accruals and deferred income. 

Page 27

 
CLEANTEC SERVICES LIMITED
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MAY 2024

18.


Deferred taxation




2024


£






At beginning of year
(14,672)


Charged to profit or loss
(8,680)



At end of year
(23,352)

The provision for deferred taxation is made up as follows:

2024
2023
£
£


Accelerated capital allowances
(23,352)
(14,672)

(23,352)
(14,672)


19.


Share capital

2024
2023
£
£
Allotted, called up and fully paid



2,000 (2023 - 2,000) Ordinary A shares of £0.10 each
200
200



20.


Reserves

Profit and loss account

The profit and loss reserve includes all current and pror period retained profits and losses. 

Page 28

 
CLEANTEC SERVICES LIMITED
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MAY 2024

21.


Share-based payments

The Company operates an equity settled CSOP share option scheme for the benefit of its employees. The options are exercisable no later than 10 years after the grant date.
The employee shall, at the Directors' discretion, be permitted to exercise all outstanding options immediately if any of the following events occur:
•The Company becomes a 100% subsidiary of another company, or comes under the control of another     company;
•The Company ceases to conduct a 'qualifying' trade;
•The employee ceases to be an eligible employee.

Weighted average exercise price (pence)
2024
Number
2024
Weighted average exercise price
(pence)
2023
Number
2023

Outstanding at the beginning of the year

657.94

60

657.94
 
60
 
Granted during the year


-

 
-
 
Exercised during the year

657.94

(10)

 
-
 
Outstanding at the end of the year
657.94

50

657.94
 
60
 




22.


Pension commitments

The Company operates a defined contributions pension scheme. The assets of the scheme are held
separately from those of the Company in an independently administered fund. 
The pension cost charge represents contributions payable by the Company to the fund and amounted to £1,042,956 
(2023: £779,592)
Contributions totalling £496,328 
(2023: £170,510) were payable to the fund at the balance sheet date and are included in creditors.

Page 29

 
CLEANTEC SERVICES LIMITED
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MAY 2024

23.


Commitments under operating leases

At 31 May 2024 the Company had future minimum lease payments due under non-cancellable operating leases for each of the following periods:

2024
2023
£
£


Not later than 1 year
233,255
211,214

Later than 1 year and not later than 5 years
411,589
399,210

644,844
610,424


24.


Related party transactions

In other creditors there are two directors' loans of £149 (2023: £149) provided to the company. Interest of 0% is paid on this loan and it is repayable on demand.
Office rent of £82,833 
(2023: £78,000) is paid to the directors and their families.
Dividends of £nil 
(2023: £nil) were paid to the directors and their families. 


25.


Controlling party

There is no ultimate controlling party.
 
Page 30