Interests in subsidiaries, associates and jointly controlled entities are initially measured at cost and
subsequently measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. The investments are assessed for
impairment at each reporting date and any impairment losses or reversals of impairment losses are
recognised immediately in profit or loss.
A subsidiary is an entity controlled by the company. Control is the power to govern the financial and operating
policies of the entity so as to obtain benefits from its activities.
An associate is an entity, being neither a subsidiary nor a joint venture, in which the company holds a longterm
interest and where the company has significant influence. The company considers that it has significant
influence where it has the power to participate in the financial and operating decisions of the associate.
Entities in which the company has a long term interest and shares control under a contractual arrangement
are classified as jointly controlled entities.