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Registration number: NI020664

Cunningham Covers Limited
Annual Report and Consolidated Financial Statements
for the Year Ended 31 August 2024

Cunningham Covers Limited

Contents

Company Information | 1
Strategic Report | 2
Directors' Report | 3 to 5
Statement of Directors' Responsibilities | 4
Independent Auditor's Report | 6 to 9
Consolidated Profit and Loss Account | 10
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income | 11
Consolidated Balance Sheet | 12
Balance Sheet | 13
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity | 14
Statement of Changes in Equity | 15
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows | 16
Notes to the Financial Statements | 17 to 29

Cunningham Covers Limited

Company Information

Directors | Mrs Glenda Cunningham Mr Ivor Sampson Mr Albert Gordon Cunningham Mr Martin McBride Mr Trevor Hamilton Mr David Cunningham

Company secretary | Mrs Glenda Cunningham

Registered office | Glenshane Industrial Park Maghera Co Londonderry BT46 5DR

Auditors | MBS Chartered Accountants & Registered Auditors 3 High Street Larne BT40 1JN

Cunningham Covers Limited

Strategic Report for the Year Ended 31 August 2024

The directors present their strategic report for the year ended 31 August 2024.

Principal activity

The principal activity of the group is manufacture of bespoke clever protective covers

Fair review of the business

The directors consider the performance in the year and the year end financial position to be satisfactory despite prevailing global economic and market conditions.
The company continues to invest heavily in research and development.
The company has continued to grow its workforce and has secured a number of significant contracts in both domestic and export markets.

Principal risks and uncertainties

Economic risk
The risk of increased interest rates and/or inflation and fluctuations in exchange rates may have an adverse impact on served markets. The company mitigates this risk through the use of foreign currency accounts and monitors fluctuations on a regular basis.
Competition and market risk
The directors consider competition risk through close attention to quality and customer service levels. The company monitors local and global market information and sales prospects on a regular basis to anticipate demand and meet customer needs with ongoing internal dialogue to ensure that technical development, manufacturing capacity, supply chain capability and customer demands are all aligned.
Personnel risk
The success of the company is achieved by the contribution of all team members. While loss of skill and expertise is identified as a principal risk in the business, the low level of staff turnover reflects the commitment of the company in providing good terms and conditions of employment, creating a positive working environment with internal opportunities for training and development, while dealing with staff and other stakeholders in the business in a fair and consistent manner.
Brexit/Northern Ireland Protocol/Windsor Framework
Any ongoing uncertainty over Brexit has been mitigated by detailed planning. The company is maintaining close relationships with freight forwarders to work with the ongoing difficulties caused by the Protocol/Windsor Framework.
Future Developments
The strategic focus of the company is to develop expertise and create more opportunities in high-growth sectors across multiple geographic locations. Recruitment and the continued development of staff are fundamental to achieving this objective.

Approved and authorised by the Board on 22 May 2025 and signed on its behalf by:

......................................... Mr Albert Gordon Cunningham Director

Cunningham Covers Limited

Directors' Report for the Year Ended 31 August 2024

The directors present their report and the financial statements of the group for the year ended 31 August 2024.

Directors of the group

The directors who held office during the year were as follows:

Mrs Glenda Cunningham - Company secretary and director

Mr Ivor Sampson

Mr Albert Gordon Cunningham

Mr Martin McBride

Mr Trevor Hamilton

Mr David Cunningham

Cunningham Covers Limited

Directors' Report for the Year Ended 31 August 2024

Statement of Directors' Responsibilities

The directors acknowledge their responsibilities for preparing the Annual Report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.

Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the directors have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (United Kingdom Accounting Standards and applicable law). Under company law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the group and the company and of the profit or loss of the group for that period. In preparing these financial statements, the directors are required to:

• | select suitable accounting policies and apply them consistently;

• | make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent;

• | state whether applicable UK Accounting Standards have been followed, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements; and

• | prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the company will continue in business.

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the group's and the company's transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the group and the company and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the group and the company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

Cunningham Covers Limited

Directors' Report for the Year Ended 31 August 2024

Disclosure of information to the auditor

Each director has taken steps that they ought to have taken as a director in order to make themselves aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the company's auditor is aware of that information. The directors confirm that there is no relevant information that they know of and of which they know the auditor is unaware.

Approved and authorised by the Board on 22 May 2025 and signed on its behalf by:

......................................... Mr Albert Gordon Cunningham Director

Cunningham Covers Limited

Independent Auditor's Report to the Members of Cunningham Covers Limited

Opinion

We have audited the financial statements of Cunningham Covers Limited (the 'parent company') and its subsidiaries (the 'group') for the year ended 31 August 2024, which comprise the Consolidated Profit and Loss Account, Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income, Consolidated Balance Sheet, Balance Sheet, Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity, Statement of Changes in Equity, Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows, and Notes to the Financial Statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including Financial Reporting Standard 102 'The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland' (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).

In our opinion the financial statements:

• | give a true and fair view of the state of the group's and the parent company's affairs as at 31 August 2024 and of the group's profit for the year then ended;
• | have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and
• | have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.

Basis for opinion

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the auditor responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the group in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

Conclusions relating to going concern

In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the director's use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate.

Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the group's ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the original financial statements were authorised for issue.

Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report.

Other information

The directors are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information included in the annual report, other than the financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.

In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether there is a material misstatement in the financial statements or a material misstatement of the other information. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact.

We have nothing to report in this regard.

Cunningham Covers Limited

Independent Auditor's Report to the Members of Cunningham Covers Limited

Opinion on other matter prescribed by the Companies Act 2006

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit:

• | the information given in the Strategic Report and Directors' Report for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and

• | the Strategic Report and Directors' Report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.

Matters on which we are required to report by exception

In the light of our knowledge and understanding of the company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the Strategic Report and the Directors' Report.

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters where the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:

• | adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or
• | the parent company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or
• | certain disclosures of directors' remuneration specified by law are not made; or
• | we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.

Responsibilities of directors

As explained more fully in the Statement of Directors' Responsibilities [set out on page 4], the directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.

Auditor Responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.

The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below:

Cunningham Covers Limited

Independent Auditor's Report to the Members of Cunningham Covers Limited

We considered the opportunities and incentives that may exist within the company for fraud and identified the
greatest potential for fraud in relation to revenue recognition and payment of amounts from the company. In
common with all audits under ISAs (UK), we are also required to perform specific procedures to respond to the
risk of management override.
We also obtained an understanding of the legal and regulatory frameworks that the company operates in,
focusing on provisions of those laws and regulations that had a direct effect on the determination of material
amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. The key laws and regulations in Companies Act 2006 were
considered in this context.
In addition, we considered provisions of relevant laws and regulations that do not have a direct effect on the
financial statements but compliance with which may be fundamental to the company’s ability to operate or to
avoid a material penalty.
Our procedures to respond to risks identified included the following:
• reviewing the financial statement disclosures and testing to supporting documentation to assess compliance
with provisions of relevant laws and regulations described as having a direct effect on the financial statements;
• enquiring of management regarding actual and potential litigation and claims;
• performing analytical procedures to identify any unusual or unexpected relationships that may indicate risks of
material misstatement due to fraud;
• reading minutes of meetings of those charged with governance and reviewing regulatory correspondence with
Companies House;
• in addressing the risk of fraud through management override of controls we, tested the appropriateness of
journal entries and other adjustments; assessed whether the judgements made in making accounting estimates
are indicative of a potential bias; evaluated the business rationale of any significant transactions; and where
possible obtained direct confirmation of balances independently from the relevant party.
We also communicated relevant identified laws and regulations and potential fraud risks to all engagement team
members, and remained alert to any indications of fraud or non-compliance with laws and regulations
throughout the audit.
Because of the inherent limitations of an audit, there is a risk that we will not detect all irregularities, including
those leading to a material misstatement in the financial statements or non-compliance with regulation. This risk
increases the more that compliance with a law or regulation is removed from the events and transactions
reflected in the financial statements, as we will be less likely to become aware of instances of non-compliance.
The risk is also greater regarding irregularities occurring due to fraud rather than error, as fraud involves
intentional concealment, forgery, collusion, omission or misrepresentation.

A further description of our responsibilities is available on the Financial Reporting Council’s website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our auditor’s report.

Use of our report

This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company’s members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.

Cunningham Covers Limited

Independent Auditor's Report to the Members of Cunningham Covers Limited

......................................
Simon Hopper FCA (Senior Statutory Auditor)
For and on behalf of MBS Chartered Accountants & Registered Auditors, Statutory Auditor
3 High Street
Larne
BT40 1JN

22 May 2025

Cunningham Covers Limited

Consolidated Profit and Loss Account for the Year Ended 31 August 2024

| Note | 2024 £ | 2023 £
Turnover | 3 | 9,591,617 | 8,510,742
Cost of sales |  | (6,354,517) | (5,828,549)
Gross profit |  | 3,237,100 | 2,682,193
Administrative expenses |  | (2,443,819) | (2,000,837)
Operating profit | 4 | 793,281 | 681,356
Income from other fixed assets investments |  | (17,710) | 508
Other interest receivable and similar income | 5 | 24,700 | 4,376
Other operating losses / (gains) | 6 | 5,104 | 18,238
|  | 12,094 | 23,122
Profit before tax |  | 805,375 | 704,478
Tax on profit | 10 | (8,217) | 151,372
Profit for the financial year |  | 797,158 | 855,850
Profit/(loss) attributable to: |  |  |
Owners of the company |  | 797,158 | 855,850

The group has no recognised gains or losses for the year other than the results above.

Cunningham Covers Limited

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income for the Year Ended 31 August 2024

| 2024 £ | 2023 £
Profit for the year | 797,158 | 855,850
Total comprehensive income for the year | 797,158 | 855,850
Total comprehensive income attributable to: |  |
Owners of the company | 797,158 | 855,850

Cunningham Covers Limited

(Registration number: NI020664)
Consolidated Balance Sheet as at 31 August 2024

| Note | 2024 £ | 2023 £
Fixed assets |  |  |
Tangible assets | 12 | 2,186,386 | 1,339,613
Current assets |  |  |
Stocks | 14 | 2,237,797 | 2,110,301
Debtors | 15 | 1,545,119 | 1,654,018
Investments | 16 | 4,837 | 23,043
Cash at bank and in hand |  | 1,948,509 | 1,423,630
|  | 5,736,262 | 5,210,992
Creditors: Amounts falling due within one year | 18 | (1,231,520) | (663,306)
Net current assets |  | 4,504,742 | 4,547,686
Total assets less current liabilities |  | 6,691,128 | 5,887,299
Provisions for liabilities | 19 | (44,614) | (37,943)
Net assets |  | 6,646,514 | 5,849,356
Capital and reserves |  |  |
Called up share capital | 21 | 1,750 | 1,750
Capital redemption reserve |  | 90,250 | 90,250
Retained earnings |  | 6,554,514 | 5,757,356
Equity attributable to owners of the company |  | 6,646,514 | 5,849,356
Shareholders' funds |  | 6,646,514 | 5,849,356

Approved and authorised by the Board on 22 May 2025 and signed on its behalf by:

......................................... Mr Albert Gordon Cunningham Director

Cunningham Covers Limited

(Registration number: NI020664)
Balance Sheet as at 31 August 2024

| Note | 2024 £ | 2023 £
Fixed assets |  |  |
Tangible assets | 12 | 2,186,386 | 1,339,613
Investments | 13 | 85 | 85
|  | 2,186,471 | 1,339,698
Current assets |  |  |
Stocks | 14 | 2,223,868 | 2,100,675
Debtors | 15 | 1,475,933 | 1,644,347
Investments |  | 4,837 | 23,043
Cash at bank and in hand |  | 1,907,773 | 1,350,956
|  | 5,612,411 | 5,119,021
Creditors: Amounts falling due within one year | 18 | (1,165,533) | (613,373)
Net current assets |  | 4,446,878 | 4,505,648
Total assets less current liabilities |  | 6,633,349 | 5,845,346
Provisions for liabilities | 19 | (44,614) | (37,943)
Net assets |  | 6,588,735 | 5,807,403
Capital and reserves |  |  |
Called up share capital | 21 | 1,750 | 1,750
Capital redemption reserve |  | 90,250 | 90,250
Retained earnings |  | 6,496,735 | 5,715,403
Shareholders' funds |  | 6,588,735 | 5,807,403

The company made a profit after tax for the financial year of £781,332 (2023 - profit of £826,457).

Approved and authorised by the Board on 22 May 2025 and signed on its behalf by:

......................................... Mr Albert Gordon Cunningham Director

Cunningham Covers Limited

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity for the Year Ended 31 August 2024
Equity attributable to the parent company

| Share capital £ | Capital redemption reserve £ | Retained earnings £ | Total £
At 1 September 2023 | 1,750 | 90,250 | 5,757,356 | 5,849,356
Profit for the year | - | - | 797,158 | 797,158
At 31 August 2024 | 1,750 | 90,250 | 6,554,514 | 6,646,514

| Share capital £ | Capital redemption reserve £ | Retained earnings £ | Total £
At 1 September 2022 | 1,750 | 90,250 | 5,311,506 | 5,403,506
Profit for the year | - | - | 855,850 | 855,850
Dividends | - | - | (410,000) | (410,000)
At 31 August 2023 | 1,750 | 90,250 | 5,757,356 | 5,849,356

Cunningham Covers Limited

Statement of Changes in Equity for the Year Ended 31 August 2024

| Share capital £ | Capital redemption reserve £ | Retained earnings £ | Total £
At 1 September 2023 | 1,750 | 90,250 | 5,715,403 | 5,807,403
Profit for the year | - | - | 781,332 | 781,332
At 31 August 2024 | 1,750 | 90,250 | 6,496,735 | 6,588,735

| Share capital £ | Capital redemption reserve £ | Retained earnings £ | Total £
At 1 September 2022 | 1,750 | 90,250 | 5,298,946 | 5,390,946
Profit for the year | - | - | 826,457 | 826,457
Dividends | - | - | (410,000) | (410,000)
At 31 August 2023 | 1,750 | 90,250 | 5,715,403 | 5,807,403

Cunningham Covers Limited

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the Year Ended 31 August 2024

| Note | 2024 £ | 2023 £
Cash flows from operating activities
Profit for the year |  | 797,158 | 855,850
Adjustments to cash flows from non-cash items |  |  |
Depreciation and amortisation | 4 | 201,089 | 151,398
Financial instrument net gains (losses) through profit and loss |  | 18,207 | -
Profit on disposal of tangible assets |  | - | (1,963)
Finance income | 5 | (6,990) | (4,884)
Income tax expense | 10 | 8,217 | (151,372)
|  | 1,017,681 | 849,029
Working capital adjustments |  |  |
Increase in stocks | 14 | (127,496) | (478,373)
Decrease/(increase) in trade debtors | 15 | 108,899 | (410,915)
Increase/(decrease) in trade creditors | 18 | 537,985 | (38,660)
Cash generated from operations |  | 1,537,069 | (78,919)
Income taxes received/(paid) | 10 | 28,682 | (1,767)
Net cash flow from operating activities |  | 1,565,751 | (80,686)
Cash flows from investing activities |  |  |
Interest received |  | 6,990 | 4,884
Acquisitions of tangible assets |  | (1,047,862) | (244,081)
Proceeds from sale of tangible assets |  | - | 4,295
Net cash flows from investing activities |  | (1,040,872) | (234,902)
Cash flows from financing activities |  |  |
Dividends paid |  | - | (410,000)
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |  | 524,879 | (725,588)
Cash and cash equivalents at 1 September |  | 1,423,630 | 2,149,218
Cash and cash equivalents at 31 August |  | 1,948,509 | 1,423,630

Cunningham Covers Limited

Notes to the Financial Statements for the Year Ended 31 August 2024

1 | General information

The company is a private company limited by share capital, incorporated in Northern Ireland.

The address of its registered office is:
Glenshane Industrial Park
Maghera
Co Londonderry
BT46 5DR

These financial statements were authorised for issue by the Board on 22 May 2025.

2 | Accounting policies

Summary of significant accounting policies and key accounting estimates

The principal accounting policies applied in the preparation of these financial statements are set out below. These policies have been consistently applied to all the years presented, unless otherwise stated.

Statement of compliance

These financial statements were prepared in accordance with Financial Reporting Standard 102 'The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland and the Companies Act 2006'.

Basis of preparation

These financial statements have been prepared using the historical cost convention except that as disclosed in the accounting policies certain items are shown at fair value.

Summary of disclosure exemptions

The parent company satisfies the criteria of being a qualifying entity as defined in FRS102. As such, advantage has been taken of the following reduced disclosures available under FRS102:
(a) Disclosures in respect of each class of share capital have not been presented
(b) No cash flow statement has been presented for the company
(c) Disclosures in respect of financial instruments have not been presented
(d) No disclosure has been given for the aggregate remuneration of key management personnel..

Basis of consolidation

The consolidated financial statements consolidate the financial statements of the company and its subsidiary undertakings drawn up to 31 August 2024.

Cunningham Covers Limited

Notes to the Financial Statements for the Year Ended 31 August 2024

A subsidiary is an entity controlled by the company. Control is achieved where the company has the power to govern the financial and operating policies of an entity so as to obtain benefits from its activities.
The results of subsidiaries acquired or disposed of during the year are included in the Profit and Loss Account from the effective date of acquisition or up to the effective date of disposal, as appropriate. Where necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements of subsidiaries to bring their accounting policies into line with those used by the group.
The purchase method of accounting is used to account for business combinations that result in the acquisition of subsidiaries by the group. The cost of a business combination is measured as the fair value of the assets given, equity instruments issued and liabilities incurred or assumed at the date of exchange, plus costs directly attributable to the business combination. Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured initially at their fair values at the acquisition date. Any excess of the cost of the business combination over the acquirer’s interest in the net fair value of the identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities recognised is recorded as goodwill.
Inter-company transactions, balances and unrealised gains on transactions between the company and its subsidiaries, which are related parties, are eliminated in full.
Intra-group losses are also eliminated but may indicate an impairment that requires recognition in the consolidated financial statements.
Accounting policies of subsidiaries have been changed where necessary to ensure consistency with the policies adopted by the group. Non-controlling interests in the net assets of consolidated subsidiaries are identified separately from the group’s equity therein. Non-controlling interests consist of the amount of those interests at the date of the original business combination and the non-controlling shareholder’s share of changes in equity since the date of the combination.

Revenue recognition

Turnover comprises the fair value of the consideration received or receivable for the sale of goods and provision of services in the ordinary course of the group’s activities. Turnover is shown net of sales/value added tax, returns, rebates and discounts and after eliminating sales within the group.
The group recognises revenue when:
The amount of revenue can be reliably measured;
it is probable that future economic benefits will flow to the entity;
and specific criteria have been met for each of the group's activities.

Foreign currency transactions and balances

Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded at the functional currency rate prevailing at the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated into the respective functional currency of the entity at the rates prevailing on the reporting period date. Non-monetary items carried at fair value that are denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rate on the date when the fair value is re-measured.
Non-monetary items measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are not retranslated.

Tax

The tax expense for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in profit or loss, except that a change attributable to an item of income or expense recognised as other comprehensive income is also recognised directly in other comprehensive income.

Cunningham Covers Limited

Notes to the Financial Statements for the Year Ended 31 August 2024

The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date in the countries where the group operates and generates taxable income.

Deferred tax is recognised in respect of all timing differences between taxable profits and profits reported in the consolidated financial statements.
Unrelieved tax losses and other deferred tax assets are recognised when it is probable that they will be recovered against the reversal of deferred tax liabilities or other future taxable profits.
Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date and that are expected to apply to the reversal of the timing difference.

Tangible assets

Tangible assets are stated in the balance sheet at cost, less any subsequent accumulated depreciation and subsequent accumulated impairment losses.
The cost of tangible assets includes directly attributable incremental costs incurred in their acquisition and installation.

Depreciation

Depreciation is charged so as to write off the cost of assets, other than land and properties under construction over their estimated useful lives, as follows:

Asset class | Depreciation method and rate
Freehold Property | 5% Straight line
Plant & Machinery | 10% Reducing balance
Motor Vehicles | 20% Reducing balance
Equipment | 10% Reducing balance

Business combinations

Business combinations are accounted for using the purchase method. The consideration for each acquisition is measured at the aggregate of the fair values at acquisition date of assets given, liabilities incurred or assumed, and equity instruments issued by the group in exchange for control of the acquired, plus any costs directly attributable to the business combination. When a business combination agreement provides for an adjustment to the cost of the combination contingent on future events, the group includes the estimated amount of that adjustment in the cost of the combination at the acquisition date if the adjustment is probable and can be measured reliably.

Amortisation

Amortisation is provided on intangible assets so as to write off the cost, less any estimated residual value, over their useful life as follows:

Asset class | Amortisation method and rate
Development Costs | 20% Straight line

Investments

Investments in equity shares which are publicly traded or where the fair value can be measured reliably are initially measured at fair value, with changes in fair value recognised in profit or loss. Investments in equity shares which are not publicly traded and where fair value cannot be measured reliably are measured at cost less impairment.
Interest income on debt securities, where applicable, is recognised in income using the effective interest method. Dividends on equity securities are recognised in income when receivable.

Cunningham Covers Limited

Notes to the Financial Statements for the Year Ended 31 August 2024

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash on hand and call deposits, and other short-term highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to a known amount of cash and are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value.

Trade debtors

Trade debtors are amounts due from customers for merchandise sold or services performed in the ordinary course of business.
Trade debtors are recognised initially at the transaction price. They are subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less provision for impairment. A provision for the impairment of trade debtors is established when there is objective evidence that the group will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the original terms of the receivables.

Stocks

Stocks are stated at the lower of cost and estimated selling price less costs to complete and sell. Cost is determined using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method.
The cost of finished goods and work in progress comprises direct materials and, where applicable, direct labour costs and those overheads that have been incurred in bringing the inventories to their present location and condition. At each reporting date, stocks are assessed for impairment. If stocks are impaired, the carrying amount is reduced to its selling price less costs to complete and sell; the impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss.

Trade creditors

Trade creditors are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business from suppliers. Accounts payable are classified as current liabilities if the group does not have an unconditional right, at the end of the reporting period, to defer settlement of the creditor for at least twelve months after the reporting date. If there is an unconditional right to defer settlement for at least twelve months after the reporting date, they are presented as non-current liabilities.
Trade creditors are recognised initially at the transaction price and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

Share capital

Ordinary shares are classified as equity. Equity instruments are measured at the fair value of the cash or other resources received or receivable, net of the direct costs of issuing the equity instruments. If payment is deferred and the time value of money is material, the initial measurement is on a present value basis.

Dividends

Dividend distribution to the group’s shareholders is recognised as a liability in the financial statements in the reporting period in which the dividends are declared.

Defined contribution pension obligation

A defined contribution plan is a pension plan under which fixed contributions are paid into a pension fund and the group has no legal or constructive obligation to pay further contributions even if the fund does not hold sufficient assets to pay all employees the benefits relating to employee service in the current and prior periods.
Contributions to defined contribution plans are recognised as employee benefit expense when they are due. If contribution payments exceed the contribution due for service, the excess is recognised as a prepayment.

Cunningham Covers Limited

Notes to the Financial Statements for the Year Ended 31 August 2024

3 | Turnover

The analysis of the group's turnover for the year from continuing operations is as follows:

| 2024 £ | 2023 £
Sale of goods | 9,584,359 | 8,467,576
Grants received | 7,258 | 43,166
| 9,591,617 | 8,510,742

The analysis of the group's turnover for the year by market is as follows:

| 2024 £ | 2023 £
UK | 5,701,714 | 5,187,377
Rest of world | 3,889,903 | 3,323,365
| 9,591,617 | 8,510,742

4 | Operating profit

Arrived at after charging/(crediting)

| 2024 £ | 2023 £
Depreciation expense | 201,089 | 151,398
Foreign exchange losses/(gains) | 8,553 | (2,582)
Profit on disposal of property, plant and equipment | - | (1,963)

5 | Other Interest receivable and similar income

| 2024 £ | 2023 £
Interest income on bank deposits | 23,573 | 4,376
Other finance income | 1,127 | -
| 24,700 | 4,376

6 | Other operating losses (gains)

| 2024 £ | 2023 £
Foreign exchange losses (gains) | (5,104) | (18,238)

Cunningham Covers Limited

Notes to the Financial Statements for the Year Ended 31 August 2024

7 | Staff costs

The aggregate payroll costs (including directors' remuneration) were as follows:

| 2024 £ | 2023 £
Wages and salaries | 2,721,663 | 2,440,247
Social security costs | 244,434 | 216,665
Pension costs, defined contribution scheme | 158,635 | 73,684
| 3,124,732 | 2,730,596

The average number of persons employed by the group (including directors) during the year, analysed by category was as follows:

| 2024 No. | 2023 No.
Production | 72 | 65
Administration and support | 10 | 9
Distribution | 12 | 14
| 94 | 88

8 | Directors' remuneration

The directors' remuneration for the year was as follows:

| 2024 £ | 2023 £
Remuneration | 300,231 | 259,140
Contributions paid to money purchase schemes | 112,601 | 58,774
| 412,832 | 317,914

In respect of the highest paid director:

| 2024 £ | 2023 £
Remuneration | 87,100 | 92,100

9 | Auditors' remuneration

| 2024 £ | 2023 £
Audit of these financial statements | 8,000 | 8,500

Cunningham Covers Limited

Notes to the Financial Statements for the Year Ended 31 August 2024

10 | Taxation

Tax charged/(credited) in the consolidated profit and loss account

| 2024 £ | 2023 £
Foreign tax | 1,546 | 1,593
Deferred taxation |  |
Arising from origination and reversal of timing differences | 19,775 | -
Arising from changes in tax rates and laws | (13,104) | (152,965)
Total deferred taxation | 6,671 | (152,965)
Tax expense/(receipt) in the income statement | 8,217 | (151,372)

The tax assessed on the profit on ordinary activities for the year is lower than the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK (2023 - lower than the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK) of 25% (2023 - 22.71%).
The differences are reconciled below:

| 2024 £ | 2023 £
Profit before tax | 805,375 | 704,478
Corporation tax at standard rate | 201,343 | 160,032
Tax decrease from effect of capital allowances and depreciation | (56,396) | (90,312)
Tax decrease from other short-term timing differences | (7,568) | (62,653)
Effect of tax losses | (129,162) | (158,439)
Total tax charge/(credit) | 8,217 | (151,372)

Deferred tax

Group and Company

Deferred tax assets and liabilities

2023 | Asset £ | Liability £
Deferred Tax | - | 37,943
| - | 37,943

Cunningham Covers Limited

Notes to the Financial Statements for the Year Ended 31 August 2024

11 | Intangible assets

Group and Company

| Development costs £ | Total £
Cost or valuation
At 1 September 2023 | 34,891 | 34,891
At 31 August 2024 | 34,891 | 34,891
Amortisation
At 1 September 2023 | 34,891 | 34,891
At 31 August 2024 | 34,891 | 34,891
Carrying amount
At 31 August 2024 | - | -

Cunningham Covers Limited

Notes to the Financial Statements for the Year Ended 31 August 2024

12 | Tangible assets

Group and Company

| Land and buildings £ | Plant Machinery & Equipment £ | Motor vehicles £ | Total £
Cost or valuation
At 1 September 2023 | 800,870 | 2,564,706 | 287,749 | 3,653,325
Additions | 756,559 | 291,303 | - | 1,047,862
At 31 August 2024 | 1,557,429 | 2,856,009 | 287,749 | 4,701,187
Depreciation
At 1 September 2023 | 589,604 | 1,543,685 | 180,423 | 2,313,712
Charge for the year | 48,391 | 131,233 | 21,465 | 201,089
At 31 August 2024 | 637,995 | 1,674,918 | 201,888 | 2,514,801
Carrying amount
At 31 August 2024 | 919,434 | 1,181,091 | 85,861 | 2,186,386
At 31 August 2023 | 211,266 | 1,021,021 | 107,326 | 1,339,613

Included within the net book value of land and buildings above is £919,434 (2023 - £211,266) in respect of freehold land and buildings.

13 | Investments

Company

| 2024 £ | 2023 £
Investments in subsidiaries | 85 | 85

Subsidiaries | £
Cost or valuation
At 1 September 2023 | 85
Provision
Carrying amount
At 31 August 2024 | 85
At 31 August 2023 | 85

Details of undertakings

Details of the investments (including principal place of business of unincorporated entities) in which the company holds 20% or more of the nominal value of any class of share capital are as follows:

Cunningham Covers Limited

Notes to the Financial Statements for the Year Ended 31 August 2024

Undertaking | Registered office | Holding | Proportion of voting rights and shares held
|  |  | 2024 | 2023
Subsidiary undertakings
Cunningham Covers Limited | Maudlins Industrial Estate, Monread Rd, Maudlings, Naas, Co. Kildare Republic of Ireland | Ordinary | 100% | 100%

14 | Stocks

| Group | Company
| 2024 £ | 2023 £ | 2024 £ | 2023 £
Raw materials and consumables | 2,049,940 | 1,908,826 | 2,036,011 | 1,899,200
Work in progress | 187,857 | 201,475 | 187,857 | 201,475
| 2,237,797 | 2,110,301 | 2,223,868 | 2,100,675

15 | Debtors

|  | Group | Company
Current | Note | 2024 £ | 2023 £ | 2024 £ | 2023 £
Trade debtors |  | 1,284,771 | 1,567,127 | 1,216,725 | 1,523,336
Amounts owed by related parties | 23 | 94,725 | - | 94,725 | 35,483
Other debtors |  | 32,244 | 293 | 32,160 | 206
Prepayments |  | 133,379 | 86,598 | 132,323 | 85,322
|  | 1,545,119 | 1,654,018 | 1,475,933 | 1,644,347

16 | Current asset investments

| Group | Company
| 2024 £ | 2023 £ | 2024 £ | 2023 £
Other investments | 4,837 | 23,043 | 4,837 | 23,043

17 | Cash and cash equivalents

| Group | Company
| 2024 £ | 2023 £ | 2024 £ | 2023 £
Cash on hand | 23,392 | 18,610 | 16,551 | 10,680
Cash at bank | 1,925,117 | 1,405,020 | 1,891,222 | 1,340,276
| 1,948,509 | 1,423,630 | 1,907,773 | 1,350,956

Cunningham Covers Limited

Notes to the Financial Statements for the Year Ended 31 August 2024

18 | Creditors

|  | Group | Company
| Note | 2024 £ | 2023 £ | 2024 £ | 2023 £
Due within one year |  |  |  |  |
Trade creditors |  | 976,712 | 336,207 | 974,671 | 337,266
Amounts due to related parties | 23 | - | 2,506 | - | 2,506
Social security and other taxes |  | 135,742 | 251,763 | 74,151 | 204,098
Other payables |  | 10,957 | 4,844 | 10,957 | 4,844
Accruals |  | 76,292 | 66,397 | 73,930 | 64,659
Corporation tax liability | 10 | 31,817 | 1,589 | 31,824 | -
|  | 1,231,520 | 663,306 | 1,165,533 | 613,373

19 | Provisions for liabilities

Group and Company

| Deferred tax £ | Total £
At 1 September 2023 | 37,943 | 37,943
Additional provisions | 6,671 | 6,671
At 31 August 2024 | 44,614 | 44,614

Cunningham Covers Limited

Notes to the Financial Statements for the Year Ended 31 August 2024

20 | Pension and other schemes

Defined contribution pension scheme

The group operates a defined contribution pension scheme. The pension cost charge for the year represents contributions payable by the group to the scheme and amounted to £158,635 (2023 - £73,684).

21 | Share capital

Allotted, called up and fully paid shares

| 2024 | 2023
| No. | £ | No. | £
Ordinary Shares of £1 each | 1,750 | 1,750 | 1,750 | 1,750

22 | Dividends

|  | 2024 |  | 2023
|  | £ |  | £
Final dividend of £Nil (2023 - £234) per ordinary share |  | - |  | 410,000

23 | Related party transactions

Company

Cunningham Covers Limited

Notes to the Financial Statements for the Year Ended 31 August 2024

Transactions with directors

2024 | At 1 September 2023 £ | Advances to director £ | At 31 August 2024 £
Mr Albert Gordon Cunningham
Directors Loan Account | (2,936) | 97,231 | 94,295