|
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 JULY 2024
2.Accounting policies (continued)
|
|
|
Foreign currency translation
|
Functional and presentation currency
The Company's functional and presentational currency is £ sterling.
Transactions and balances
Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the spot exchange rates at the dates of the transactions.
At each period end foreign currency monetary items are translated using the closing rate. Non-monetary items measured at historical cost are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction and non-monetary items measured at fair value are measured using the exchange rate when fair value was determined.
Foreign exchange gains and losses that relate to borrowings and cash and cash equivalents are presented in the Statement of Comprehensive Income within 'finance income or costs'. All other foreign exchange gains and losses are presented in profit or loss within 'other operating income'.
Interest income is recognised in profit or loss using the effective interest method.
Tax is recognised in profit or loss except that a charge attributable to an item of income and expense recognised as other comprehensive income or to an item recognised directly in equity is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively.
The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date in the countries where the Company operates and generates income.
|
|
|
Basic financial instruments
|
The Company only enters into transactions that result in basic financial instruments such as trade and other debtors, trade and other creditors, cash at bank and in hand, loans to related parties.
Trade debtors, other debtors and loans to related parties are recognised initially at the transaction price less attributable transaction costs. Trade creditors, other creditors and loans from related parties are recognised initially at transaction price plus attributable transaction costs. Subsequently they are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment losses in the case of trade and other debtors, and loans to related parties.
Interest bearing borrowings, such bank loans, classified as basic financial instruments are recognised initially at the present value of future payments discounted at a market rate of interest. Thereafter they are stated at amortised cost using the effective interest method.
Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash balances and call deposits.
|