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Registered number: 03991840 mkodo Limited Annual Report and Financial Statements For the Year Ended 31 December 2024
mkodo Limited Company Information
Directors | D E Pollard
| S B Godfree
| U Ganbold
Registered number | 03991840
Registered office | Third Floor
| 2 Throgmorton Avenue
| London
| EC2N 2DG
Independent auditors | Hurst Accountants Limited
| Chartered Accountants & Statutory Auditors
| 3 Stockport Exchange
| Stockport
| Cheshire
| SK1 3GG
mkodo Limited Contents
| Page
Strategic Report | 1 - 2
Directors' Report | 3 - 4
Independent Auditors' Report | 5 - 8
Statement of Income and Retained Earnings | 9
Statement of Financial Position | 10
Notes to the Financial Statements | 11 - 25
mkodo Limited Strategic Report For the Year Ended 31 December 2024
Introduction
This strategic report provides a concise overview of the financial performance and position of mkodo Limited for the fiscal year ended 31st December 2024.
Business review
mkodo continues its commitment to clients by reliably delivering projects, investing in security, infrastructure, innovative new products and our team. The annual accounts reflect our commitment to financial transparency, sustainable growth, and long-term value creation. The Executive team has focused on strategic investments and operational efficiencies to achieve our objectives of delivering value to our clients and innovating and scaling GeoLocs solutions. The past year has been marked by milestones, including strengthened recurring revenue streams through customer retention, new market penetration, and product innovation. We are proud, as a company, to be investing in our people who drive our business and positively contribute to the UK economy. Key Highlights mkodo Limited continued to focus on innovation and product development to enhance its competitiveness in the market. Our flagship product, GeoLocs, saw significant growth in 2024, both in terms of the Markets it launched in as well as the Revenue growth. The year 2024 marked a significant year for mkodo and our partners, when we launched several significant Apps into the market, with the high levels of quality and useability that is expected of a mkodo delivered product. This further strengthened our relationships with key clients, and as a business, we remain committed to delivering value in partnership to support their digital roadmap in the years ahead. With a clear strategic vision, mkodo is well-equipped for continued growth and long-term profitability. Financial Performance We continued our growth into FY 2024 with total revenues reaching £14m resulting in a 7% increase from the previous year. Gross profit margin remained healthy at 37% due to effective cost management strategies and optimized operational efficiencies. We are further pursuing our growth plan by increasing our Marketing spend as well as investing into appropriate software tooling across the business as we scale. These resulted in operating expenses increasing by 6.5% from the previous year with a net profit of £2.1m for the fiscal year. mkodo Limited maintains a strong financial position under the stewardship of the executive team, with total assets valued at £9,669,920 and total liabilities of £2,551,495. The company's solid liquidity position ensures its ability to meet short-term obligations and invest in the future growth. Page 1
mkodo Limited Strategic Report (continued) For the Year Ended 31 December 2024
Principal risks and uncertainties
The technology market is fast-paced and dynamic, with constant changes ranging from AI advancements to App Store updates. We continuously monitor and review developments, as well as our clients' needs, against emerging market trends. By staying agile with our service offerings and evolving our business plans throughout the fiscal year, we can accommodate changes in the market climate. Key commercial risks include the ever-evolving Betting and Gaming industry and the political landscape. Our Compliance Manager oversees our corporate risk, ensuring that we stay current with changes that may impact our industry. Liquidity risk - The company effectively manages its cash on hand to ensure that all liabilities can be paid when due, while, where possible, contributing to the group's overall cash flow position. Compliance risk - mkodo successfully achieved ISO27001 accreditation in February 2024. The company has established solid processes, policies, and training programs for compliance and security within the business. Currency risk - the company works closely with its financial services provider and parent company to mitigate currency risk.
Financial key performance indicators
| 2024 | 2023
Turnover | £14,039,869 | £13,160,862
Profit before tax | £2,640,846 | £2,496,320
Other key performance indicators
| 2024 | 2023
Employee numbers | 109 | 106
This report was approved by the board and signed on its behalf.
S B Godfree Director
Date: 12 June 2025
Page 2
mkodo Limited Directors' Report For the Year Ended 31 December 2024 The directors present their report and the financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2024.
Principal activity
The principal activity of the company is the supply and maintenance of customised user experiences, best-in-class apps and websites and Geo-Compliance solutions exclusively for the regulated Betting, Gaming and Lottery (BGL) industry globally.
Directors
The directors who served during the year were:
D E Pollard
S B Godfree
U Ganbold
Results and dividends
The profit for the year, after taxation, amounted to £2,130,039 (2023 -£2,074,197). The directors do not recommend payment of a final dividend.
Directors' Responsibilities Statement
The directors are responsible for preparing the Strategic Report, the Directors' Report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations. Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the directors have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice), including Financial Reporting Standard 102 ‘The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland'. Under company law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Company and of the profit or loss of the Company for that period. In preparing these financial statements, the directors are required to: ∙select suitable accounting policies for the Company's financial statements and then apply them consistently; ∙make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent; ∙prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the Company will continue in business. The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the Company's transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Company and to enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.
Future developments
Key objectives for the upcoming year include entering new markets with our best-in-market product offerings, working in partnership with our clients to achieve the highest levels of client satisfaction and continually innovating our product offerings and business processes. Page 3
mkodo Limited Directors' Report (continued) For the Year Ended 31 December 2024
Matters covered in the Strategic Report
The directors have chosen to set out the disclosures relating to financial risk objectives & policies and information on exposure to price risk, credit risk, liquidity risk, and cash flow risk in the strategic report.
Disclosure of information to auditors
Each of the persons who are directors at the time when this Directors' Report is approved has confirmed that: ∙so far as the director is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the Company's auditors are unaware, and ∙the director has taken all the steps that ought to have been taken as a director in order to be aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the Company's auditors are aware of that information.
Post balance sheet events
There have been no significant events affecting the Company since the year end.
Auditors
The auditors, Hurst Accountants Limited, will be proposed for reappointment in accordance with section 485 of the Companies Act 2006. This report was approved by the board and signed on its behalf.
S B Godfree Director
Date: 12 June 2025
Page 4
mkodo Limited Independent Auditors' Report to the Members of mkodo Limited
Opinion
We have audited the financial statements of mkodo Limited (the 'Company') for the year ended 31 December 2024, which comprise the Statement of Income and Retained Earnings, the Statement of Financial Position and the related notes, including a summary of significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including Financial Reporting Standard 102 ‘The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland' (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice). In our opinion the financial statements: ∙give a true and fair view of the state of the Company's affairs as at 31 December 2024 and of its profit for the year then ended; ∙have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and ∙have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.
Basis for opinion
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditors' responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the Company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the United Kingdom, including the Financial Reporting Council's Ethical Standard and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.
Conclusions relating to going concern
In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate. Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the Company's ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue. Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report.
Other information
The other information comprises the information included in the Annual Report other than the financial statements and our Auditors' Report thereon. The directors are responsible for the other information contained within the Annual Report. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard. Page 5
mkodo Limited Independent Auditors' Report to the Members of mkodo Limited (continued)
Opinion on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006
In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit: ∙the information given in the Strategic Report and the Directors' Report for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and ∙the Strategic Report and the Directors' Report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.
Matters on which we are required to report by exception
In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the Company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the Strategic Report or the Directors' Report. We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion: ∙adequate accounting records have not been kept, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or ∙the financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or ∙certain disclosures of directors' remuneration specified by law are not made; or ∙we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.
Responsibilities of directors
As explained more fully in the Directors' Responsibilities Statement set out on page 3, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the Company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the Company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.
Auditors' responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an Auditors' Report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements. Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud. The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below: Page 6
mkodo Limited Independent Auditors' Report to the Members of mkodo Limited (continued) Identifying and assessing potential risks related to irregularities In identifying and assessing the risks of material misstatement in respect of irregularities, including fraud and non-compliance with laws and regulations, we considered the following: ∙The nature of the industry and sector in which the company operates; the control environment and business performance including key drivers for directors' remuneration, bonus levels and performance targets. ∙The outcome of enquiries of local management and parent company management, including whether management was aware of any instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations, and whether management had knowledge of any actual, suspected, or alleged fraud. ∙Supporting documentation relating to the Company's policies and procedures for: °Identifying, evaluating, and complying with laws and regulations. °Detecting and responding to the risks of fraud. ∙The internal controls established to mitigate risks related to fraud or non-compliance with laws and regulations. ∙The outcome of discussions amongst the engagement team regarding how and where fraud might occur in the financial statements and any potential indicators of fraud. ∙The legal and regulatory framework in which the Company operates, particularly those laws and regulations which have a direct effect on the financial statements, such as the Companies Act 2006, pensions and tax legislation, or which had a fundamental effect on the operations of the Company, including General Data Protection requirements, and Anti-bribery and Corruption. Audit response to risks identified Our procedures to respond to the risk identified included the following: ∙Reviewing the financial statements disclosures and testing to supporting documentation to assess compliance with the provisions of those relevant laws and regulations which have a direct effect on the financial statements. ∙Discussions with management, including consideration of known or suspected instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations and fraud. ∙Evaluation of the operating effectiveness of management’s controls designed to prevent and detect irregularities. ∙Enquiring of management about any actual and potential litigation and claims. ∙Performing analytical procedures to identify any unusual or unexpected relationships which may indicate risks of material misstatement due to fraud. We have also considered the risk of fraud through management override of controls by: ∙Testing the appropriateness of journal entries and other adjustments. We have used data analytics software to identify accounting transactions which may pose a heightened risk of material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. ∙Challenging assumptions made by management in their significant accounting estimates, and assessing whether the judgements made in making accounting estimates are indicative of a potential bias; and ∙Evaluating the business rationale of any significant transactions that are unusual or outside the normal course of business. We also communicated relevant identified laws and regulations and potential fraud risks to all engagement team members and remained alert to any indications of fraud or non-compliance with laws and regulations throughout the audit. Page 7
mkodo Limited Independent Auditors' Report to the Members of mkodo Limited (continued) Because of the inherent limitations of an audit, there is a risk that we will not detect all irregularities, including those leading to a material misstatement in the financial statements or non-compliance with regulation. This risk increases the more that compliance with a law or regulation is removed from the events and transactions reflected in the financial statements, as we will be less likely to become aware of instances of non-compliance. The risk is also greater regarding irregularities occurring due to fraud rather than error, as fraud involves intentional concealment, forgery, collusion, omission or misrepresentation. A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial Reporting Council's website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our Auditors' Report.
Use of our report
This report is made solely to the Company's members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the Company's members those matters we are required to state to them in an Auditors' Report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the Company and the Company's members, as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed. Chris Stewardson (Senior Statutory Auditor) for and on behalf of Hurst Accountants Limited Chartered Accountants Statutory Auditors 3 Stockport Exchange Stockport Cheshire SK1 3GG 16 June 2025 Page 8
mkodo Limited Statement of Income and Retained Earnings For the Year Ended 31 December 2024
| 2024 | 2023
Note | £ | £
Turnover | 4 | 14,039,869 | 13,160,862
Cost of sales |  | (8,862,893) | (8,144,844)
Gross profit |  | 5,176,976 | 5,016,018
Administrative expenses |  | (3,175,105) | (2,980,766)
Other operating income | 5 | 638,975 | 461,068
Operating profit | 6 | 2,640,846 | 2,496,320
Tax on profit | 10 | (510,807) | (422,123)
Profit after tax |  | 2,130,039 | 2,074,197
Retained earnings at the beginning of the year |  | 4,771,257 | 2,697,060
Profit for the year |  | 2,130,039 | 2,074,197
Retained earnings at the end of the year |  | 6,901,296 | 4,771,257
The notes on pages 11 to 25 form part of these financial statements.
Page 9
mkodo Limited Registered number: 03991840 Statement of Financial Position As at 31 December 2024
|  | 2024 |  | 2023
Note |  | £ |  | £
Fixed assets |  |  |  |  |
Intangible assets | 11 |  | 1,624,735 |  | 902,501
Tangible assets | 12 |  | 129,296 |  | 124,609
|  |  | 1,754,031 |  | 1,027,110
Current assets |  |  |  |  |
Debtors: amounts falling due within one year | 13 | 7,826,955 |  | 6,157,094 |
Cash at bank and in hand | 14 | 88,934 |  | 71,444 |
|  | 7,915,889 |  | 6,228,538 |
Creditors: amounts falling due within one year | 15 | (2,127,598) |  | (2,026,591) |
Net current assets |  |  | 5,788,291 |  | 4,201,947
Total assets less current liabilities |  |  | 7,542,322 |  | 5,229,057
Provisions for liabilities |  |  |  |  |
Deferred tax | 16 |  | (423,897) |  | (240,671)
Net assets |  |  | 7,118,425 |  | 4,988,386
Capital and reserves |  |  |  |  |
Called up share capital | 17 |  | 10,820 |  | 10,820
Share premium account | 18 |  | 206,094 |  | 206,094
Capital redemption reserve | 18 |  | 215 |  | 215
Profit and loss account | 18 |  | 6,901,296 |  | 4,771,257
|  |  | 7,118,425 |  | 4,988,386
The financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the board and were signed on its behalf by:
S B Godfree
Director
Date: 12 June 2025
The notes on pages 11 to 25 form part of these financial statements. Page 10
mkodo Limited Notes to the Financial Statements For the Year Ended 31 December 2024
1. | General information
mkodo Limited is a private company limited by members capital incorporated in England and Wales. The registered office and principal place of business is Third Floor, 2 Throgmorton Avenue, London, EC2N 2DG. The nature of the company's operation and its principal activity is the creation of customised user experiences and best-in-class apps and websites exclusively for sportsbook, casino and lottery operators. 2.Accounting policies
| 2.1 | Basis of preparation of financial statements
The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention unless otherwise specified within these accounting policies and in accordance with Financial Reporting Standard 102, the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and the Republic of Ireland and the Companies Act 2006. The preparation of financial statements in compliance with FRS 102 requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires management to exercise judgement in applying the Company's accounting policies (see note 3). The following principal accounting policies have been applied:
| 2.2 | Financial reporting standard 102 - reduced disclosure exemptions
The company has taken advantage of the following disclosure exemptions in preparing these financial statements, as permitted by FRS 102 "The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland": - the requirement of Section 7 Statement of Cash Flows - the requirement of Section 3 Financial Statement Presentation paragraph 3.17 (d) - the requirement of Section 11 Basic Financial Instruments and Section 12 Other Financial Instruments - the requirement of Section 33 Related Party Disclosures paragraph 33.7 This information is included in the consolidated financial statements of Pollard Banknote Limited as at 31 December 2024 and these financial statements may be obtained from its website, www.pollardbanknote.com.
| 2.3 | Going concern
These financial statements are prepared on the going concern basis. The directors have a reasonable expectation that the company will continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. The company generated a profit after tax of £2,130,039 (2023: £2,074,197) for the year ended 31 December 2024. At the balance sheet date the company had net assets of £7,118,425 (2023: £4,988,386) including cash at bank of £88,934 (2023: £71,444). At the time of approving the financial statements, the directors have a reasonable expectation that the company has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. Thus the directors continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting in preparing the financial statements. Page 11
mkodo Limited Notes to the Financial Statements For the Year Ended 31 December 2024 2.Accounting policies (continued)
| 2.4 | Foreign currency translation
Functional and presentation currency The Company's functional and presentational currency is GBP. Transactions and balances Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the spot exchange rates at the dates of the transactions. At each period end foreign currency monetary items are translated using the closing rate. Non-monetary items measured at historical cost are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction and non-monetary items measured at fair value are measured using the exchange rate when fair value was determined. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of transactions and from the translation at period-end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in profit or loss except when deferred in other comprehensive income as qualifying cash flow hedges.
| 2.5 | Revenue
Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured. Revenue is measured as the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, excluding discounts, rebates, value added tax and other sales taxes. The following criteria must also be met before revenue is recognised: Rendering of services Revenue from a contract to provide services is recognised in the period in which the services are provided in accordance with the stage of completion of the contract when all of the following conditions are satisfied: ∙the amount of revenue can be measured reliably; ∙it is probable that the Company will receive the consideration due under the contract; ∙the stage of completion of the contract at the end of the reporting period can be measured reliably; and ∙the costs incurred and the costs to complete the contract can be measured reliably. Revenue represents net invoiced sales of services, excluding value added tax, together with any amounts recoverable on contracts. Long term contract income is recognised in line with progress on the project or where relating to a quantifiable service a proportion of the income is recognised based on the amount of that service provided during the period. The amount by which turnover exceeds payments on account is classified as accrued income and included in debtors; to the extent that payments on account exceed relevant turnover and work in progress balances, the excess is included as deferred income. Where a long term contract is anticipated to make a foreseeable loss the loss is recognised in full during the period and is included as a provision. Page 12
mkodo Limited Notes to the Financial Statements For the Year Ended 31 December 2024 2.Accounting policies (continued)
| 2.6 | Operating leases: the Company as lessee
Rentals paid under operating leases are charged to profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Benefits received and receivable as an incentive to sign an operating lease are recognised on a straight-line basis over the lease term, unless another systematic basis is representative of the time pattern of the lessee's benefit from the use of the leased asset.
| 2.7 | Pensions
Defined contribution pension plan The Company operates a defined contribution plan for its employees. A defined contribution plan is a pension plan under which the Company pays fixed contributions into a separate entity. Once the contributions have been paid the Company has no further payment obligations. The contributions are recognised as an expense in profit or loss when they fall due. Amounts not paid are shown in accruals as a liability in the Statement of Financial Position. The assets of the plan are held separately from the Company in independently administered funds.
| 2.8 | Current and deferred taxation
The tax expense for the year comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in profit or loss except that a charge attributable to an item of income and expense recognised as other comprehensive income or to an item recognised directly in equity is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively. The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date in the countries where the Company operates and generates income. Deferred tax balances are recognised in respect of all timing differences that have originated but not reversed by the reporting date, except that: ∙The recognition of deferred tax assets is limited to the extent that it is probable that they will be recovered against the reversal of deferred tax liabilities or other future taxable profits; and ∙Any deferred tax balances are reversed if and when all conditions for retaining associated tax allowances have been met. Deferred tax balances are not recognised in respect of permanent differences except in respect of business combinations, when deferred tax is recognised on the differences between the fair values of assets acquired and the future tax deductions available for them and the differences between the fair values of liabilities acquired and the amount that will be assessed for tax. Deferred tax is determined using tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date. Page 13
mkodo Limited Notes to the Financial Statements For the Year Ended 31 December 2024 2.Accounting policies (continued)
| 2.9 | Intangible assets
Intangible assets are initially recognised at cost. After recognition, under the cost model, intangible assets are measured at cost less any accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses. All intangible assets are considered to have a finite useful life. If a reliable estimate of the useful life cannot be made, the useful life shall not exceed ten years. Amortisation is provided on the following bases:
|  |  |  | Software development | - | 33% | straight line
| 2.10 | Tangible fixed assets
Tangible fixed assets under the cost model are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses. Historical cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management. Depreciation is charged so as to allocate the cost of assets less their residual value over their estimated useful lives, using the straight-line method. Depreciation is provided on the following basis:
|  |  |  | Furniture, fixtures, fittings & equipment | - | 20-33% straight line
The assets' residual values, useful lives and depreciation methods are reviewed, and adjusted prospectively if appropriate, or if there is an indication of a significant change since the last reporting date. Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing the proceeds with the carrying amount and are recognised in profit or loss.
| 2.11 | Impairment of fixed assets and goodwill
Assets that are subject to depreciation or amortisation are assessed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication that the assets are impaired. Where there is any indication that an asset may be impaired, the carrying value of the asset (or cash-generating unit to which the asset has been allocated) is tested for impairment. An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the asset’s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s (or CGU’s) fair value less costs to sell and value in use. For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows (CGUs). Non-financial assets that have been previously impaired are reviewed at each reporting date to assess whether there is any indication that the impairment losses recognised in prior periods may no longer exist or may have decreased.
| 2.12 | Debtors
Short-term debtors are measured at transaction price, less any impairment. Loans receivable are measured initially at fair value, net of transaction costs, and are measured subsequently at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment. Page 14
mkodo Limited Notes to the Financial Statements For the Year Ended 31 December 2024 2.Accounting policies (continued)
| 2.13 | Cash
Cash is represented by cash in hand and deposits with financial institutions repayable without penalty on notice of not more than 24 hours.
| 2.14 | Creditors
Short-term creditors are measured at the transaction price. Other financial liabilities, including bank loans, are measured initially at fair value, net of transaction costs, and are measured subsequently at amortised cost using the effective interest method.
| 2.15 | Provisions for liabilities
Provisions are recognised when an event has taken place that gives rise to a legal or constructive obligation, a transfer of economic benefits is probable and a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are measured as the best estimate of the amount required to settle the obligation, taking into account the related risks and uncertainties. Increases in provisions are generally charged as an expense to profit or loss.
3. | Judgements in applying accounting policies and key sources of estimation uncertainty
Preparation of the financial statements requires management to make significant judgements and estimates. The items in the financial statements where these judgements and estimates have been made include: Accrued income Revenue from the design and development contracts is assessed on an individual basis with revenue earned being ascertained based on time spent to date. The revenue earned in excess of the revenue billed is recognised as accrued income. The time costs incurred on a particular contract are assessed regularly and subject to management review, who make an estimate of the recoverable value of the contract. Loss making contracts The performance on the design and development contracts is assessed regularly by the management, who assess the overall future expected income and costs. Where a contract is expected to be loss making the management will provide for the future expected loss in full at the reporting date. Amortisation of intangible fixed assets Amortisation is calculated to write off the cost in equal annual instalments over their estimated useful lives once the asset comes in to economic use, as ascertained by management. Page 15
mkodo Limited Notes to the Financial Statements For the Year Ended 31 December 2024
4. | Turnover
| An analysis of turnover by class of business is as follows:
|  |  |  |  | 2024 | 2023
|  |  |  |  | £ | £
| Provision of services | 14,039,869 | 13,160,862
Analysis of turnover by country of destination:
|  |  |  |  | 2024 | 2023
|  |  |  |  | £ | £
| United Kingdom | 979,957 | 1,225,521
| Europe | 1,966,048 | 3,263,532
| Rest of the world | 11,093,864 | 8,671,809
|  | 14,039,869 | 13,160,862
5. | Other operating income
|  |  |  |  | 2024 | 2023
|  |  |  |  | £ | £
| RDEC receivable | 638,174 | 453,233
| Insurance claims receivable | 801 | 7,835
|  | 638,975 | 461,068
6. | Operating profit
| The operating profit is stated after charging:
|  |  |  |  | 2024 | 2023
|  |  |  |  | £ | £
| Exchange differences | 42,095 | 73,116
| Other operating lease rentals | 209,567 | 198,524
Page 16
mkodo Limited Notes to the Financial Statements For the Year Ended 31 December 2024
7. | Auditors' remuneration
| During the year, the Company obtained the following services from the Company's auditors:
|  |  |  |  | 2024 | 2023
|  |  |  |  | £ | £
| Fees payable for the audit of the Company's financial statements | 14,135 | 13,470
| Fees payable for preparation of statutory accounts | 4,675 | 4,455
| Fees payable for taxation compliance services | 4,465 | 4,250
|  | 23,275 | 22,175
8. | Employees
| Staff costs, including directors' remuneration, were as follows:
|  |  |  |  | 2024 | 2023
|  |  |  |  | £ | £
| Wages and salaries | 5,845,838 | 5,609,056
| Social security costs | 792,027 | 716,032
| Cost of defined contribution scheme | 239,598 | 191,292
|  | 6,877,463 | 6,516,380
| The average monthly number of employees, including the directors, during the year was as follows:
|  |  | 2024 | 2023
|  |  | No. | No.
|  | Admin / Finance / IT | 8 | 11
|  | Sales and Marketing | 7 | 6
|  | Operations | 94 | 89
|  |  | 109 | 106
Page 17
mkodo Limited Notes to the Financial Statements For the Year Ended 31 December 2024
9. | Directors' remuneration
|  |  |  |  | 2024 | 2023
|  |  |  |  | £ | £
| Directors' emoluments | 313,516 | 281,353
| Company contributions to defined contribution pension schemes | 14,873 | 13,343
|  | 328,389 | 294,696
| During the year retirement benefits were accruing to 2 directors (2023 -2) in respect of defined contribution pension schemes.
| The highest paid director received remuneration of £211,343 (2023 -£194,174).
| The value of the Company's contributions paid to a defined contribution pension scheme in respect of the highest paid director amounted to £9,630 (2023 -£8,848).
10. | Taxation
|  |  |  |  | 2024 | 2023
|  |  |  |  | £ | £
| Corporation tax |  |
| Current tax on profits for the year | 279,878 | 288,016
| Adjustments in respect of previous periods | (136,186) | (172,863)
| Group taxation relief | 183,889 | -
|  | 327,581 | 115,153
| Total current tax | 327,581 | 115,153
| Deferred tax |  |
| Origination and reversal of timing differences | 183,226 | 306,970
| Taxation on profit on ordinary activities | 510,807 | 422,123
Page 18
mkodo Limited Notes to the Financial Statements For the Year Ended 31 December 2024 10.Taxation (continued)
| Factors affecting tax charge for the year
| The tax assessed for the year is lower than (2023 -lower than) the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK of 25% (2023 -23.52%). The differences are explained below:
|  |  |  |  | 2024 | 2023
|  |  |  |  | £ | £
| Profit on ordinary activities before tax | 2,640,846 | 2,496,320
| Profit on ordinary activities multiplied by standard rate of corporation tax in the UK of 25% (2023 -23.52%) | 660,212 | 587,134
| Effects of: |  |
| Expenses not deductible for tax purposes, other than goodwill amortisation and impairment | 4,079 | 4,562
| Capital allowances for year in excess of depreciation | - | (326)
| Adjustments to corporation tax charge in respect of prior periods | (136,186) | (172,863)
| Adjustments to deferred tax charge in respect of prior periods | 4,353 | -
| Other timing differences leading to an increase in taxation | - | 29,697
| Adjustment in research and development tax credit leading to an increase (decrease) in the tax charge | (21,651) | 1,598
| Group relief | - | (27,679)
| Total tax charge for the year | 510,807 | 422,123
| Factors that may affect future tax charges
There were no factors that may affect future tax charges. Page 19
mkodo Limited Notes to the Financial Statements For the Year Ended 31 December 2024
11. | Intangible assets
|  | Software development
|  | £
| Cost |
| At 1 January 2024 | 1,380,993
| Additions - internal | 1,146,029
| Disposals | (244,022)
| At 31 December 2024 | 2,283,000
| Amortisation |
| At 1 January 2024 | 478,492
| Charge for the year | 423,795
| On disposals | (244,022)
| At 31 December 2024 | 658,265
| Net book value |
| At 31 December 2024 | 1,624,735
| At 31 December 2023 | 902,501
Page 20
mkodo Limited Notes to the Financial Statements For the Year Ended 31 December 2024
12. | Tangible fixed assets
|  | Furniture, fixtures, fittings & equipment
|  | £
| Cost or valuation |
| At 1 January 2024 | 568,452
| Additions | 68,145
| Disposals | (22,378)
| At 31 December 2024 | 614,219
| Depreciation |
| At 1 January 2024 | 443,843
| Charge for the year | 63,458
| Disposals | (22,378)
| At 31 December 2024 | 484,923
| Net book value |
| At 31 December 2024 | 129,296
| At 31 December 2023 | 124,609
Page 21
mkodo Limited Notes to the Financial Statements For the Year Ended 31 December 2024
13. | Debtors
|  |  |  |  | 2024 | 2023
|  |  |  |  | £ | £
| Trade debtors | 1,295,988 | 1,305,267
| Amounts owed by group undertakings | 4,281,357 | 3,252,277
| Amounts owed by related parties | 87,048 | -
| Other debtors | 809,582 | 714,179
| Prepayments and accrued income | 227,441 | 110,707
| Amounts recoverable on long-term contracts | 1,125,539 | 774,664
|  | 7,826,955 | 6,157,094
14. | Cash
|  |  |  |  | 2024 | 2023
|  |  |  |  | £ | £
| Cash at bank and in hand | 88,934 | 71,444
15. | Creditors: Amounts falling due within one year
|  |  |  |  | 2024 | 2023
|  |  |  |  | £ | £
| Trade creditors | 470,490 | 511,120
| Amounts owed to group undertakings | 184,619 | 27,679
| Corporation tax | 279,878 | 281,064
| Other taxation and social security | 202,572 | 187,124
| Other creditors | 70,002 | 59,485
| Accruals and deferred income | 920,037 | 960,119
|  | 2,127,598 | 2,026,591
| Amounts owed to group undertakings are unsecured, interest-free, and repayable on demand.
Page 22
mkodo Limited Notes to the Financial Statements For the Year Ended 31 December 2024
16. | Deferred taxation
|  | 2024
|  | £
| At beginning of year | (240,671)
| Charged to profit or loss | (183,226)
| At end of year | (423,897)
| The provision for deferred taxation is made up as follows:
|  |  |  |  | 2024 | 2023
|  |  |  |  | £ | £
| Accelerated capital allowances | (438,508) | (256,778)
| Tax losses carried forward | 14,611 | 16,107
|  | (423,897) | (240,671)
17. | Share capital
|  |  |  |  | 2024 | 2023
|  |  |  |  | £ | £
|  | Allotted, called up and fully paid |  |
|  | 988,500 (2023 -988,500) Ordinary shares of £0.01 each | 9,885 | 9,885
|  | 93,500 (2023 -93,500) A Ordinary shares of £0.01 each | 935 | 935
|  |  | 10,820 | 10,820
| The Ordinary shares of £0.01 each and the A Ordinary shares of £0.01 each rank pari passu in all respects, except for the A Ordinary shares of £0.01 each do not have any voting rights or rights to dividends.
Page 23
mkodo Limited Notes to the Financial Statements For the Year Ended 31 December 2024
18. | Reserves
Share premium account The share premium account is an equity account that represents the additional amount shareholders paid for the issued shares that were in excess of the par value. Capital redemption reserve The capital redemption reserve represents the nominal value of shares that have been purchased by the company and cancelled. The reserve is non-distributable and can only be used for limited purposes as set out in the Companies Act 2006. Profit and loss account The profit and loss account reserve is the accumulation of profits and losses made by the company since incorporation, net of dividends paid.
19. | Pension commitments
The Company operates a defined contributions pension scheme. The assets of the scheme are held separately from those of the Company in an independently administered fund. The pension cost charge represents contributions payable by the Company to the fund and amounted to £239,598 (2023: £191,292). Contributions totalling £55,875 (2023: £44,984) were payable to the fund at the reporting date and are included in creditors.
20. | Commitments under operating leases
| At 31 December 2024 the Company had future minimum lease payments due under non-cancellable operating leases for each of the following periods:
|  |  |  |  | 2024 | 2023
|  |  |  |  | £ | £
| Not later than 1 year | 162,304 | 172,623
| Later than 1 year and not later than 5 years | 424,004 | 677,285
| Later than 5 years | - | 12,425
|  | 586,308 | 862,333
Page 24
mkodo Limited Notes to the Financial Statements For the Year Ended 31 December 2024
21. | Related party transactions
| The company has taken the exemption, in accordance with FRS 102 - Section 33 "Related Party Disclosures", from disclosing related party transactions entered into between members of a group, provided that any subsidiary which is party to the transaction is wholly owned by such a member. Included within turnover during the year are sales receivable from a related company, with a balance included within trade debtors.
|  | 2024 | 2023
|  | £ | £
| Turnover from a related company | 1,272,440 | 887,582
| Trade debtors due from a related company | 87,048 | 54,057
22. | Controlling party
The Company is a subsidiary undertaking of Pollard Banknote Limited which is also the ultimate controlling party. The group in which they are consolidated is that headed by Pollard Banknote Limited whose registered office address is 140 Otter Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3T 0M8.
Page 25