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Company registration number: SC064920
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ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
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FOR THE YEAR ENDED
31 DECEMBER 2024
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COMPANY INFORMATION
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Chartered Accountants & Statutory Auditor
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CONTENTS
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Independent auditors' report
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Statement of comprehensive income
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Statement of financial position
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Statement of changes in equity
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Notes to the financial statements
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STRATEGIC REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
The directors present the strategic report for the year ended 31 December 2024.
The principal activity of the company continued to be that of fencing manufacturer supplying the agricultural, equestrian, forestry and infrastructure sectors.
The directors consider the results for the year and the financial position at the end of the year to be represent a strong performance, particularly in view of the economic climate. Sales were in line with expectations with positive growth of 5%. Raw material costs continued to ease driving improved gross profit (+£2.2m) and operating profit (+£1.9m).
Principal risks and uncertainties
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The continued level of global instability and weak economic growth in core markets remain the principle risks facing the company.
The company remains focussed and committed to managing risk. During the year, the company continued to develop and strengthen its raw material supply chain, invest in its people delivering new training and strengthening key positions and continued to invest in its IT infrastructure to further improve efficiency and resilience.
Development and performance
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The company continued to operate its existing operations during the year ended 31 December 2024.
The company made pre-tax profits of £4,170,106 for the year and at 31 December 2024 had net assets of £22,067,631.
Financial key performance indicators
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The key performance indicators below show an improvement in profitability and return on assets employed:
The directors also monitor non financial KPI's covering commercial, operational, health & safety and employee performance with are managed closely and reviewed at Board meetings.
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STRATEGIC REPORT (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
Promoting the success of the company
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The Directors consider that in conducting the business of the company over the course of the year they have complied with section 172(1) (a) to (f) of the Companies Act 2006 (“S172(A)”) by fulfilling their duty to promote the success of the company, When making decisions, each director ensures that they act in the way that would most likely promote the company’s success for the benefit of its members as a whole, and in doing so have regard (amongst other matters) to the following matters:
(a) The likely consequences of any decision in the long term
The company is part of the Storskogen group that acquire businesses for long-term growth. Therefore the long term consequences are firmly within the sights of the Board when all material decisions are made.
(b) The interest of the company’s employees
People are a key factor to the success of the company. The directors seek to retain people for the long term and our recruitment strategy is based on offering our employees both fulfilling careers and balanced lives. We look to our employees to contribute ideas for our future growth, and share the rewards of the business.
(c) The need to foster the company’s business relationships with suppliers, customers and others
The directors seek to promote strong, long term, mutually beneficial relationships with suppliers and its subsidiary undertakings. Such general principles are critical in the delivery of the company’s strategy.
(d) The impact of the company’s operations on the community and the environment
The directors take overall responsibility for the company’s impact on the local communities in which the company operates and the environment. In 2024, our gas and electricity agreements were moved to green tariffs and key investments were made in electric vehicles and forklift trucks.
(e) The desirability of the company maintaining a reputation for high standards of business conduct
The directors recognise the importance of acting in ways which promote high standards of business conduct. The board periodically reviews and approves clear operating frameworks, to ensure that its high standards are maintained both within the businesses and the business relationships the company has with stakeholders.
(f) The need to act fairly as between members of the company
The company is a wholly owned subsidiary of Storskogen Group.
This report was approved by the board and signed on its behalf.
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DIRECTORS' REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
The directors present their report and the financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2024.
Directors' responsibilities statement
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The directors are responsible for preparing the Strategic report, the Directors' report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.
Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the directors have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice), including Financial Reporting Standard 102 ‘The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland'. Under company law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Company and of the profit or loss of the Company for that period.
In preparing these financial statements, the directors are required to:
∙select suitable accounting policies for the Company's financial statements and then apply them consistently;
∙make judgments and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent;
∙state whether applicable UK Accounting Standards have been followed, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements;
∙prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the Company will continue in business.
The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the Company's transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Company and to enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.
The principal activity of the company continued to be that of fencing manufacturer supplying the agricultural, equestrian, forestry and infrastructure sectors.
The profit for the year, after taxation, amounted to £3,111,827 (2023 - £1,678,447).
No ordinary dividends were paid. The directors do not recommend payment of a final dividend.
The directors who held office during the year and up to the date of signature of the financial statements were
as follows:
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P J M Lofgren (resigned 26 May 2025)
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P J Hogg (resigned 13 September 2024)
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R M Galley (appointed 14 September 2024)
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DIRECTORS' REPORT (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
The company made profits of £3,111,827 (2023: £1,678,447) during the period and at the balance sheet date had net current assets of £15,382,480 (2023: £11,880,182), net assets of £22,067,631 (2023: £18,955,804) and a cash balance of £49,677 (2023: £140).
Based on the on-going projected trading performance, covering a period of at least 12 months from the date of approval of these financial statements, and the balances available for immediate drawdown under the Storskogen Group Treasury arrangements as detailed in the cash at bank policy (Note 2.13), the directors consider the company has adequate resources to continue its operations for foreseeable future. Thus, the directors continue to adopt the concern basis of accounting in preparing these financial statements.
In accordance with the company's articles, a resolution proposing that Moore Kingston Smith LLP be reappointed as auditor of the Company will be put at a General Meeting.
Disclosure of information to auditors
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Each of the persons who are directors at the time when this Directors' report is approved has confirmed that:
∙so far as the director is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the Company's auditors are unaware, and
∙the director has taken all the steps that ought to have been taken as a director in order to be aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the Company's auditors are aware of that information.
This report was approved by the board and signed on its behalf.
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INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
We have audited the financial statements of Tornado Wire Limited (the 'Company') for the year ended 31 December 2024, which comprise the Statement of comprehensive income, the Statement of financial position, the Statement of cash flows, the Statement of changes in equity and the related notes, including a summary of significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including Financial Reporting Standard 102 ‘The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland' (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).
In our opinion the financial statements:
∙give a true and fair view of the state of the Company's affairs as at 31 December 2024 and of its profit for the year then ended;
∙have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and
∙have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditors' responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the Company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the United Kingdom, including the Financial Reporting Council's Ethical Standard and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.
Conclusions relating to going concern
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In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate.
Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the Company's ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue.
Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report.
The other information comprises the information included in the Annual Report other than the financial statements and our Auditors' report thereon. The directors are responsible for the other information contained within the Annual Report. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.
Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact.
We have nothing to report in this regard.
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INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF TORNADO WIRE LIMITED (CONTINUED)
Opinion on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006
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In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit:
∙the information given in the Strategic report and the Directors' report for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and
∙the Strategic report and the Directors' report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.
Matters on which we are required to report by exception
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In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the Company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the Strategic report or the Directors' report.
We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:
∙adequate accounting records have not been kept, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or
∙the financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or
∙certain disclosures of directors' remuneration specified by law are not made; or
∙we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.
Responsibilities of directors
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As explained more fully in the Directors' responsibilities statement set out on page 3, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the Company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the Company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.
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INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF TORNADO WIRE LIMITED (CONTINUED)
Auditors' responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements
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Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor's report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.
As part of an audit in accordance with ISAs (UK) we exercise professional judgement and maintain professional scepticism throughout the audit. We also:
∙Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.
∙Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purposes of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the company’s internal control.
∙Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by the directors.
∙Conclude on the appropriateness of the directors’ use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the company’s ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor’s report to the related disclosures in the financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor’s report. However, future events or conditions may cause the company to cease to continue as a going concern.
∙Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the financial statements, including the disclosures, and whether the financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation.
We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit.
Explanation as to what extent the audit was considered capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud
Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud. The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below.
The objectives of our audit in respect of fraud, are; to identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements due to fraud; to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the assessed risks of material misstatement due to fraud, through designing and implementing appropriate responses to those assessed risks; and to respond appropriately to instances of fraud or suspected fraud identified during the audit. However, the primary responsibility for the prevention and detection of fraud rests with both management and those charged with governance of the company.
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INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF TORNADO WIRE LIMITED (CONTINUED)
Our approach was as follows:
∙We obtained an understanding of the legal and regulatory requirements applicable to the company and considered that the most significant are the Companies Act 2006, UK financial reporting standards as issued by the Financial Reporting Council, and UK taxation legislation.
∙We obtained an understanding of how the company complies with these requirements by discussions with management and those charged with governance.
∙We assessed the risk of material misstatement of the financial statements, including the risk of material misstatement due to fraud and how it might occur, by holding discussions with management and those charged with governance.
∙We inquired of management and those charged with governance as to any known instances of non-compliance or suspected non-compliance with laws and regulations.
∙Based on this understanding, we designed specific appropriate audit procedures to identify instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. This included making enquiries of management and those charged with governance and obtaining additional corroborative evidence as required.
There are inherent limitations in the audit procedures described above. We are less likely to become aware of instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations that are not closely related to events and transactions reflected in the financial statements. Also, the risk of not detecting a material misstatement due to fraud is higher than the risk of not detecting one resulting from error, as fraud may involve deliberate concealment by, for example, forgery or intentional misrepresentations, or through collusion.
This report is made solely to the Company's members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the Company's members those matters we are required to state to them in an Auditors' report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the Company and the Company's members, as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.
Amar Shah (Senior statutory auditor)
for and on behalf of
Moore Kingston Smith
Chartered Accountants
Statutory Auditor
The Old Vinyl Factory
The Shipping
Blyth Road
Hayes
UB3 1HA
5 August 2025
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STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
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Interest receivable and similar income
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Interest payable and similar expenses
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Profit for the financial year
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There was no other comprehensive income for 2024 (2023: £NIL).
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The notes on pages 14 to 28 form part of these financial statements.
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TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
REGISTERED NUMBER:SC064920
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STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION
AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2024
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Debtors: amounts falling due within one year
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Creditors: amounts falling due within one year
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Total assets less current liabilities
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Provisions for liabilities
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The financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the board and were signed on its behalf by:
The notes on pages 14 to 28 form part of these financial statements.
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STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
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Comprehensive income for the year
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Comprehensive income for the year
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The notes on pages 14 to 28 form part of these financial statements.
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STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
Cash flows from operating activities
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Profit for the financial year
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Depreciation of tangible assets
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Profit on disposal of tangible assets
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(Increase)/decrease in debtors
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Increase/(decrease) in creditors
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Corporation tax received/(paid)
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Net cash generated from operating activities
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Cash flows from investing activities
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Purchase of tangible fixed assets
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Sale of tangible fixed assets
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Net cash from investing activities
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Cash flows from financing activities
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Repayment of/new finance leases
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Net cash used in financing activities
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Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
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Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
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Cash and cash equivalents at the end of year
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Cash and cash equivalents at the end of year comprise:
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The notes on pages 14 to 28 form part of these financial statements.
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ANALYSIS OF NET DEBT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
The notes on pages 14 to 28 form part of these financial statements.
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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
Tornado Wire Limited is a private company limited by shares incorporated in Scotland. The registered office is Muthill Road, Crieff, Perthshire, PH7 4HQ.
2.Accounting policies
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Basis of preparation of financial statements
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The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention unless otherwise specified within these accounting policies and in accordance with Financial Reporting Standard 102, the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and the Republic of Ireland and the Companies Act 2006.
The preparation of financial statements in compliance with FRS 102 requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires management to exercise judgment in applying the Company's accounting policies (see note 3).
The following principal accounting policies have been applied:
The company made profits of £3,111,827 (2023: £1,678,447) during the period and at the balance sheet date had net current assets of £15,382,480 (2023: £11,880,182), net assets of £22,067,631 (2023: £18,955,804) and a cash balance of £49,677 (2023: £140).
Based on the on-going projected trading performance, covering a period of at least 12 months from the date of approval of these financial statements, and the balances available for immediate drawdown under the Storskogen Group Treasury arrangements as detailed in the cash at bank policy (Note 2.13), the directors consider the company has adequate resources to continue its operations for foreseeable future. Thus, the directors continue to adopt the concern basis of accounting in preparing these financial statements.
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Foreign currency translation
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Functional and presentation currency
The Company's functional and presentational currency is GBP and the accounts are rounded to the nearest £.
Transactions and balances
Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the spot exchange rates at the dates of the transactions.
At each period end foreign currency monetary items are translated using the closing rate. Non-monetary items measured at historical cost are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction and non-monetary items measured at fair value are measured using the exchange rate when fair value was determined.
Turnover is recognised at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable for goods and services provided in the normal course of business, and is shown net of VAT and other sales related taxes. The fair value of consideration takes into account trade discounts, settlement discounts and volume rebates.
Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have passed to the buyer (usually on dispatch of the goods), the amount of revenue can be measured reliably, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the entity and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably.
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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
2.Accounting policies (continued)
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Operating leases: the Company as lessee
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Rentals paid under operating leases are charged to profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Benefits received and receivable as an incentive to sign an operating lease are recognised on a straight-line basis over the lease term, unless another systematic basis is representative of the time pattern of the lessee's benefit from the use of the leased asset.
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Leased assets: the Company as lessee
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Assets obtained under hire purchase contracts and finance leases are capitalised as tangible fixed assets. Assets acquired by finance lease are depreciated over the shorter of the lease term and their useful lives. Assets acquired by hire purchase are depreciated over their useful lives. Finance leases are those where substantially all of the benefits and risks of ownership are assumed by the company. Obligations under such agreements are included in creditors net of the finance charge allocated to future periods. The finance element of the rental payment is charged to profit or loss so as to produce a constant periodic rate of charge on the net obligation outstanding in each period.
Interest income is recognised in profit or loss using the effective interest method.
Finance costs are charged to profit or loss over the term of the debt using the effective interest method so that the amount charged is at a constant rate on the carrying amount. Issue costs are initially recognised as a reduction in the proceeds of the associated capital instrument.
Defined contribution pension plan
The Company operates a defined contribution plan for its employees. A defined contribution plan is a pension plan under which the Company pays fixed contributions into a separate entity. Once the contributions have been paid the Company has no further payment obligations.
The contributions are recognised as an expense in profit or loss when they fall due. Amounts not paid are shown in accruals as a liability in the Statement of financial position. The assets of the plan are held separately from the Company in independently administered funds.
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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
2.Accounting policies (continued)
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Current and deferred taxation
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The tax expense for the year comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in profit or loss except that a charge attributable to an item of income and expense recognised as other comprehensive income or to an item recognised directly in equity is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively.
The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date in the countries where the Company operates and generates income.
Deferred tax balances are recognised in respect of all timing differences that have originated but not reversed by the reporting date, except that:
∙The recognition of deferred tax assets is limited to the extent that it is probable that they will be recovered against the reversal of deferred tax liabilities or other future taxable profits; and
∙Any deferred tax balances are reversed if and when all conditions for retaining associated tax allowances have been met.
Deferred tax balances are not recognised in respect of permanent differences except in respect of business combinations, when deferred tax is recognised on the differences between the fair values of assets acquired and the future tax deductions available for them and the differences between the fair values of liabilities acquired and the amount that will be assessed for tax. Deferred tax is determined using tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.
Tangible fixed assets under the cost model are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses. Historical cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management.
Depreciation is charged so as to allocate the cost of assets less their residual value over their estimated useful lives, on the following bases.
Depreciation is provided on the following basis:
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Freehold land and buildings
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Leasehold land and buildings
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The assets' residual values, useful lives and depreciation methods are reviewed, and adjusted prospectively if appropriate, or if there is an indication of a significant change since the last reporting date.
Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing the proceeds with the carrying amount and are recognised in profit or loss.
Land and buildings freehold included £225,500 (2023: £225,500) relating to land which is not depreciated.
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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
2.Accounting policies (continued)
Stocks are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value, being the estimated selling price less costs to complete and sell. Cost is based on the cost of purchase on a first in, first out basis. Work in progress and finished goods include labour and attributable overheads.
At each reporting date, stocks are assessed for impairment. If stock is impaired, the carrying amount is reduced to its selling price less costs to complete and sell. The impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss.
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Cash and cash equivalents
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Cash and cash equivalents are basic financial assets and include cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks, other short-term liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less, and bank overdrafts. Bank overdrafts are shown within borrowings in current liabilities.
As part of the Storskogen Group's Treasury operations, all subsidiary companies participate in an interest bearing bank account sweeping arrangement whereby cash balances and overdrafts are physically swept to the header accounts on a daily basis. The net amount (as disclosed under 'amounts owed by group undertakings') as at the statement of financial position date is repayable on demand with the Company retaining ability to access the cash at any time, subject to Group Treasury arrangements. As at the year end, interest is charged at rates of between 6.80% and 7.05% on overdraft positions and between 1.95% and 3.85% on credit positions, depending on the currency in which the cash is held.
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Provisions for liabilities
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Provisions are recognised when an event has taken place that gives rise to a legal or constructive obligation, a transfer of economic benefits is probable and a reliable estimate can be made.
Provisions are measured as the best estimate of the amount required to settle the obligation, taking into account the related risks and uncertainties.
Increases in provisions are generally charged as an expense to profit or loss.
The Company has elected to apply the provisions of Section 11 “Basic Financial Instruments” of FRS 102 to all of its financial instruments.
The Company has elected to apply the recognition and measurement provisions of IFRS 9 Financial Instruments (as adopted by the UK Endorsement Board) with the disclosure requirements of Sections 11 and 12 and the other presentation requirements of FRS 102.
Financial instruments are recognised in the Company's Statement of financial position when the Company becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.
Financial assets and liabilities are offset, with the net amounts presented in the financial statements, when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
2.Accounting policies (continued)
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Financial instruments (continued)
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Basic financial assets
Basic financial assets, which include trade and other receivables, cash and bank balances, are initially measured at their transaction price including transaction costs and are subsequently carried at their amortised cost using the effective interest method, less any provision for impairment, unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the transaction is measured at the present value of the future receipts discounted at a market rate of interest.
Discounting is omitted where the effect of discounting is immaterial. The Company's cash and cash equivalents, trade and most other receivables due with the operating cycle fall into this category of financial instruments.
Other financial assets
Other financial assets, which includes investments in equity instruments which are not classified as subsidiaries, associates or joint ventures, are initially measured at fair value, which is normally the recognised transaction price. Such assets are subsequently measured at fair value with the changes in fair value being recognised in the profit or loss. Where other financial assets are not publicly traded, hence their fair value cannot be measured reliably, they are measured at cost less impairment.
Cashpooling
This interest-bearing bank account sweeping arrangement means that cash balances and overdrafts are physically transferred to Storskogen Group AB header account on a daily basis. The net amount of £8,030,086 as at 31 December 2024 is included in 'Amounts owed by group undertakings' (2023: £2,270,706). This amount is repayable on demand with the Company retaining ability to access the cash at any time.
Impairment of financial assets
Financial assets are assessed for indicators of impairment at each reporting date.
Financial assets are impaired when events, subsequent to their initial recognition, indicate the estimated future cash flows derived from the financial asset(s) have been adversely impacted. The impairment loss will be the difference between the current carrying amount and the present value of the future cash flows at the asset(s) original effective interest rate.
If there is a favourable change in relation to the events surrounding the impairment loss then the impairment can be reviewed for possible reversal. The reversal will not cause the current carrying amount to exceed the original carrying amount had the impairment not been recognised. The impairment reversal is recognised in the profit or loss.
Financial liabilities
Financial liabilities and equity instruments are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into. An equity instruments any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the Company after the deduction of all its liabilities.
Basic financial liabilities, which include trade and other payables, bank loans and other loans are initially measured at their transaction price after transaction costs. When this constitutes a financing transaction, whereby the debt instrument is measured at the present value of the future receipts discounted at a market rate of interest. Discounting is omitted where the effect of discounting is immaterial.
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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
2.Accounting policies (continued)
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Financial instruments (continued)
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Debt instruments are subsequently carried at their amortised cost using the effective interest rate method.
Trade payables are obligations to pay for goods and services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business from suppliers. Trade payables are classified as current liabilities if the payment is due within one year. If not, they represent non-current liabilities. Trade payables are initially recognised at their transaction price and subsequently are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Discounting is omitted where the effect of discounting is immaterial.
Other financial instruments
Derivatives, including forward exchange contracts, futures contracts and interest rate swaps, are not classified as basic financial instruments. These are initially recognised at fair value on the date the derivative contract is entered into, with costs being charged to the profit or loss. They are subsequently measured at fair value with changes in the profit or loss.
Debt instruments that do not meet the conditions as set out in FRS 102 paragraph 11.9 are subsequently measured at fair value through the profit or loss. This recognition and measurement would also apply to financial instruments where the performance is evaluated on a fair value basis as with a documented risk management or investment strategy.
Classification of financial liabilities
Financial liabilities and equity instruments are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into. An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the company after deducting all of its liabilities.
Derecognition of financial assets
Financial assets are derecognised when their contractual right to future cash flow expire, or are settled, or when the Company transfers the asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to another party. If significant risks and rewards of ownership are retained after the transfer to another party, then the Company will continue to recognise the value of the portion of the risks and rewards retained.
Derecognition of financial liabilities
Financial liabilities are derecognised when the Company's contractual obligations expire or are discharged or cancelled.
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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
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Judgments in applying accounting policies and key sources of estimation uncertainty
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In the application of the company’s accounting policies, the directors are required to make judgements, estimates and assumptions about the carrying amount of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised where the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods where the revision affects both current and future periods.
Key sources of estimation uncertainty
The estimates and assumptions which have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets and liabilities are as follows.
Useful lives of depreciable assets
The annual depreciation charge depends primarily on the estimated useful life of the asset and circumstances. The directors annually review the asset life and adjust as necessary to reflect current thinking on the remaining life in light of technological change, prospective economic utilisation and physical condition of the asset concerned. Changes in asset lives can have a significant impact on depreciation charges for the period. It is not practical to quantify the impact of changes to asset lives on an overall basis, as asset lives are individually determined.
Allowance for impairment of trade receivables
The management estimates the allowance for doubtful trade debtors based on assessment of specific accounts where the company has objective evidence comprising default in payment terms or significant financial difficulty that certain customers are unable to meet their financial obligations. In these cases, judgement used was based on the best available facts and circumstances including but not limited to, the length of the relationship.
Allowance for slow-moving and obsolete inventory
Management estimates the net realisable value of inventories, taking into account the most reliable evidence at each reporting date. The future realisation of these inventories may be affected by future technology and other market-driven changes that may reduce future selling price.
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An analysis of turnover by class of business is as follows:
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Analysis of turnover by country of destination:
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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
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The operating profit is stated after charging:
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Other operating lease rentals
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Depreciation of owned tangible fixed assets
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Depreciation of tangible fixed assets held under finance leases
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Profit on disposal of tangible fixed assets
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During the year, the Company obtained the following services from the Company's auditors:
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Fees payable to the Company's auditors for the audit of the Company's financial statements
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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
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Staff costs, including directors' remuneration, were as follows:
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Cost of defined contribution scheme
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The average monthly number of employees, including the directors, during the year was as follows:
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Company contributions to defined contribution pension schemes
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During the year retirement benefits were accruing to 2 directors (2023 - 2) in respect of defined contribution pension schemes.
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The highest paid director received remuneration of £168,224 (2023 - £275,528).
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The value of the Company's contributions paid to a defined contribution pension scheme in respect of the highest paid director amounted to £88,742 (2023 - £19,440).
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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
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Other interest receivable
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Interest payable and similar expenses
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Finance leases and hire purchase contracts
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Current tax on profits for the year
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Origination and reversal of timing differences
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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
12.Taxation (continued)
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Factors affecting tax charge for the year
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The tax assessed for the year is higher than (2023 - lower than) the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK of 25% (2023 - 23.5%). The differences are explained below:
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Profit on ordinary activities before tax
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Profit on ordinary activities multiplied by standard rate of corporation tax in the UK of 25% (2023 - 23.5%)
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Tax effect of expenses that are not deductible in determining taxable profit
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Adjustments to tax charge in respect of prior periods
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Permanent capital allowances in excess of depreciation
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Profit on disposal of fixed assets
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Total tax charge for the year
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Factors that may affect future tax charges
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Tornado Wire Limited is within the scope of the OECD Pillar Two model rules. Pillar Two legislation has been enacted in the UK and is effective in 2024.
Under the legislation, the Company is liable to pay a top-up tax in the UK for the difference between the GloBE effective tax rate for each jurisdiction and the 15% minimum rate. In addition, top-up taxes are payable locally where qualifying domestic minimum top-up taxes have been legislated and are in effect.
Transitional relief has been introduced based on the group’s country-by-country reporting obligations. If the criteria are met, no top-up tax will be charged for the tax jurisdiction in question, and there is no need to prepare the full computation of top-up-tax. Based on the preliminary country-by-country reporting for 2024, it has been determined that the UK is within the scope of the transitional relief rule.
The Company applies the exception to recognising and disclosing information about deferred tax assets and liabilities related to Pillar Two income taxes, as provided in the amendments to FRS 102 section 29 issued in July 2023.
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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
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Leasehold land and buildings
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Raw materials and consumables
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Finished goods and goods for resale
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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
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Amounts owed by group undertakings
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Prepayments and accrued income
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Creditors: Amounts falling due within one year
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Amounts owed to group undertakings
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Other taxation and social security
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Accruals and deferred income
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Charged to profit or loss
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The provision for deferred taxation is made up as follows:
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Accelerated capital allowances
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Short term timing differences
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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
17.Deferred taxation (continued)
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The timing of the outflows related to deferred tax is uncertain and depends on future events.
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Allotted, called up and fully paid
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105,300 (2023 - 105,300) Ordinary shares of £1.00 each
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The Ordinary shares have attached to them full voting, dividend and capital distribution rights; they do not confer any rights of redemption.
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Share premium account
This reserve records the amount above the nominal value received for shares issued, less transaction costs.
Profit and loss account
This reserve records retained earnings and accumulated losses.
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At 31 December 2024 the Company had capital commitments as follows:
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Contracted for but not provided in these financial statements
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The Company operates a defined contributions pension scheme. The assets of the scheme are held separately from those of the Company in an independently administered fund. The pension cost charge represents contributions payable by the Company to the fund and amounted to £208,102 (2023 - £171,434). Contributions totalling £23,344 (2023 - £22,719) were payable to the fund at the reporting date and are included in creditors.
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NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
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Commitments under operating leases
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At 31 December 2024 the Company had future minimum lease payments due under non-cancellable operating leases for each of the following periods:
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Later than 1 year and not later than 5 years
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Transactions with directors
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Included in other creditors are the following transactions with the directors.
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Balance outstanding at start of year
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Balance oustanding at end of year
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Interest is not being charged on this loan. The loan is repayable on demand.
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Related party transactions
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Included in legal and professional fees is £120,000 which relates to the £10,000 per month management charge from Storskogen UK Limited, a parent company of Tornado Wire Limited.
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The parent company of Tornado Wire Limited is Tornado Group Limited, a company incorporated in England Wales. The Company is a wholly owned subsidiary.
Storskogen Group AB (publ), the company's ultimate controlling party, is the parent of the largest and the smallest group of undertakings for which consolidated financial statements are drawn up and of which the company is a member. Storskogen Group AB (publ) is incorporated in Sweden, and its consolidated financial statements are available from its registered office, Hovslagargaton 3, 111 48 Stockholm, Sweden, and the company's website.
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