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Company registration number: SC064920







ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED
31 DECEMBER 2024


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED






































                        

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
 


 
COMPANY INFORMATION


Directors
A J Bretherton 
K Campbell 
M J Gunby 
D Manton 
C M Pullen 
R M Galley 




Registered number
SC064920



Registered office
Muthill Road
Crieff

Perthshire

PH7 4HQ




Independent auditors
Moore Kingston Smith
Chartered Accountants & Statutory Auditor

The Old Vinyl Factory

The Shipping

Blyth Road

Hayes

UB3 1HA





 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
 



CONTENTS



Page
Strategic report
1 - 2
Directors' report
3 - 4
Independent auditors' report
5 - 8
Statement of comprehensive income
9
Statement of financial position
10
Statement of changes in equity
11
Statement of cash flows
12
Analysis of net debt
13
Notes to the financial statements
14 - 28


 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
 


 
STRATEGIC REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

The directors present the strategic report for the year ended 31 December 2024.

Principal activity
 
The principal activity of the company continued to be that of fencing manufacturer supplying the agricultural, equestrian, forestry and infrastructure sectors.

Business review
 
The directors consider the results for the year and the financial position at the end of the year to be represent a strong performance, particularly in view of the economic climate. Sales were in line with expectations with positive growth of 5%. Raw material costs continued to ease driving improved gross profit (+£2.2m) and operating profit (+£1.9m).

Principal risks and uncertainties
 
The continued level of global instability and weak economic growth in core markets remain the principle risks facing the company.
The company remains focussed and committed to managing risk. During the year, the company continued to develop and strengthen its raw material supply chain, invest in its people delivering new training and strengthening key positions and continued to invest in its IT infrastructure to further improve efficiency and resilience.

Development and performance

The company continued to operate its existing operations during the year ended 31 December 2024.
The company made pre-tax profits of £4,170,106 for the year and at 31 December 2024 had net assets of £22,067,631.

Financial key performance indicators
 
The key performance indicators below show an improvement in profitability and return on assets employed:
ole06d2.png        
The directors also monitor non financial KPI's covering commercial, operational, health & safety and employee performance with are managed closely and reviewed at Board meetings.

Page 1

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
 



STRATEGIC REPORT (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

Promoting the success of the company
 
The Directors consider that in conducting the business of the company over the course of the year they have complied with section 172(1) (a) to (f) of the Companies Act 2006 (“S172(A)”) by fulfilling their duty to promote the success of the company, When making decisions, each director ensures that they act in the way that would most likely promote the company’s success for the benefit of its members as a whole, and in doing so have regard (amongst other matters) to the following matters:
(a) The likely consequences of any decision in the long term
The company is part of the Storskogen group that acquire businesses for long-term growth. Therefore the long term consequences are firmly within the sights of the Board when all material decisions are made.
(b) The interest of the company’s employees
People are a key factor to the success of the company. The directors seek to retain people for the long term and our recruitment strategy is based on offering our employees both fulfilling careers and balanced lives. We look to our employees to contribute ideas for our future growth, and share the rewards of the business.
(c) The need to foster the company’s business relationships with suppliers, customers and others
The directors seek to promote strong, long term, mutually beneficial relationships with suppliers and its subsidiary undertakings. Such general principles are critical in the delivery of the company’s strategy.
(d) The impact of the company’s operations on the community and the environment
The directors take overall responsibility for the company’s impact on the local communities in which the company operates and the environment.  In 2024, our gas and electricity agreements were moved to green tariffs and key investments were made in electric vehicles and forklift trucks.
(e) The desirability of the company maintaining a reputation for high standards of business conduct
The directors recognise the importance of acting in ways which promote high standards of business conduct. The board periodically reviews and approves clear operating frameworks, to ensure that its high standards are maintained both within the businesses and the business relationships the company has with stakeholders.
(f) The need to act fairly as between members of the company
The company is a wholly owned subsidiary of Storskogen Group.


This report was approved by the board and signed on its behalf.



R M Galley
Director

Date: 23 July 2025

Page 2

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
 


 
DIRECTORS' REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

The directors present their report and the financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2024.

Directors' responsibilities statement

The directors are responsible for preparing the Strategic report, the Directors' report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.
 
Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the directors have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice), including Financial Reporting Standard 102 ‘The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland'. Under company law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Company and of the profit or loss of the Company for that period.

 In preparing these financial statements, the directors are required to:


select suitable accounting policies for the Company's financial statements and then apply them consistently;

make judgments and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent;

state whether applicable UK Accounting Standards have been followed, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements;

prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the Company will continue in business.

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the Company's transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Company and to enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

Principal activity

The principal activity of the company continued to be that of fencing manufacturer supplying the agricultural, equestrian, forestry and infrastructure sectors.

Results and dividends

The profit for the year, after taxation, amounted to £3,111,827 (2023 - £1,678,447).

No ordinary dividends were paid. The directors do not recommend payment of a final dividend.

Directors

The directors who held office during the year and up to the date of signature of the financial statements were
as follows:

A J Bretherton 
K Campbell 
M J Gunby 
P J M Lofgren (resigned 26 May 2025)
D Manton 
C M Pullen 
P J Hogg (resigned 13 September 2024)
R M Galley (appointed 14 September 2024)

Page 3

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
 


 
DIRECTORS' REPORT (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

Going concern

The company made profits of £3,111,827 (2023: £1,678,447) during the period and at the balance sheet date had net current assets of £15,382,480 (2023: £11,880,182), net assets of £22,067,631 (2023: £18,955,804) and a cash balance of £49,677 (2023: £140).

Based on the on-going projected trading performance, covering  a period of at least 12 months from the date of approval of these financial statements, and the balances available for immediate drawdown under the Storskogen Group Treasury arrangements as detailed in the cash at bank policy (Note 2.13), the directors consider the company has adequate resources to continue its operations for foreseeable future. Thus, the directors continue to adopt the concern basis of accounting in preparing these financial statements.

Auditors

In accordance with the company's articles, a resolution proposing that Moore Kingston Smith LLP be reappointed as auditor of the Company will be put at a General Meeting.

Disclosure of information to auditors

Each of the persons who are directors at the time when this Directors' report is approved has confirmed that:
 
so far as the director is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the Company's auditors are unaware, and

the director has taken all the steps that ought to have been taken as a director in order to be aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the Company's auditors are aware of that information.

This report was approved by the board and signed on its behalf.
 





R M Galley
Director

Date: 23 July 2025

Muthill Road
Crieff
Perthshire
PH7 4HQ

Page 4

 



TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
 


 
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF TORNADO WIRE LIMITED

Opinion


We have audited the financial statements of Tornado Wire Limited (the 'Company') for the year ended 31 December 2024, which comprise the Statement of comprehensive income, the Statement of financial position, the Statement of cash flows, the Statement of changes in equity and the related notes, including a summary of significant accounting policiesThe financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including Financial Reporting Standard 102 ‘The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland' (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).


In our opinion the financial statements:


give a true and fair view of the state of the Company's affairs as at 31 December 2024 and of its profit for the year then ended;
have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and
have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.


Basis for opinion


We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditors' responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the Company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the United Kingdom, including the Financial Reporting Council's Ethical Standard and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.


Conclusions relating to going concern


In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate.


Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the Company's ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue.


Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report.


Other information


The other information comprises the information included in the Annual Report other than the financial statements and our Auditors' report thereon. The directors are responsible for the other information contained within the Annual ReportOur opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.

Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact.

We have nothing to report in this regard.


Page 5

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED



 
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF TORNADO WIRE LIMITED (CONTINUED)

Opinion on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006
 

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit:


the information given in the Strategic report and the Directors' report for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and
the Strategic report and the Directors' report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.


Matters on which we are required to report by exception
 

In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the Company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the Strategic report or the Directors' report.


We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:


adequate accounting records have not been kept, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or
the financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or
certain disclosures of directors' remuneration specified by law are not made; or
we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.


Responsibilities of directors
 

As explained more fully in the Directors' responsibilities statement set out on page 3, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.


In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the Company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the Company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.


Page 6

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED



 
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF TORNADO WIRE LIMITED (CONTINUED)

Auditors' responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements
 

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor's report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.

As part of an audit in accordance with ISAs (UK) we exercise professional judgement and maintain professional scepticism throughout the audit. We also:
 
Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.
Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purposes of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the company’s internal control. 
Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by the directors. 
Conclude on the appropriateness of the directors’ use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the company’s ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor’s report to the related disclosures in the financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor’s report. However, future events or conditions may cause the company to cease to continue as a going concern.
Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the financial statements, including the disclosures, and whether the financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation. 

We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit.


Explanation as to what extent the audit was considered capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud

Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud. The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below.

The objectives of our audit in respect of fraud, are; to identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements due to fraud; to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the assessed risks of material misstatement due to fraud, through designing and implementing appropriate responses to those assessed risks; and to respond appropriately to instances of fraud or suspected fraud identified during the audit. However, the primary responsibility for the prevention and detection of fraud rests with both management and those charged with governance of the company.
Page 7

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED



 
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF TORNADO WIRE LIMITED (CONTINUED)

Our approach was as follows:

We obtained an understanding of the legal and regulatory requirements applicable to the company and considered that the most significant are the Companies Act 2006, UK financial reporting standards as issued by the Financial Reporting Council, and UK taxation legislation.
We obtained an understanding of how the company complies with these requirements by discussions with management and those charged with governance.
We assessed the risk of material misstatement of the financial statements, including the risk of material misstatement due to fraud and how it might occur, by holding discussions with management and those charged with governance.
We inquired of management and those charged with governance as to any known instances of non-compliance or suspected non-compliance with laws and regulations.
Based on this understanding, we designed specific appropriate audit procedures to identify instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. This included making enquiries of management and those charged with governance and obtaining additional corroborative evidence as required.

There are inherent limitations in the audit procedures described above. We are less likely to become aware of instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations that are not closely related to events and transactions reflected in the financial statements. Also, the risk of not detecting a material misstatement due to fraud is higher than the risk of not detecting one resulting from error, as fraud may involve deliberate concealment by, for example, forgery or intentional misrepresentations, or through collusion.


Use of our report
 

This report is made solely to the Company's members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the Company's members those matters we are required to state to them in an Auditors' report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the Company and the Company's members, as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.





Amar Shah (Senior statutory auditor)
for and on behalf of
Moore Kingston Smith
Chartered Accountants
Statutory Auditor
The Old Vinyl Factory
The Shipping
Blyth Road
Hayes
UB3 1HA

5 August 2025
Page 8

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
 


 
STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

2024
2023
Note
£
£

  

Turnover
 4 
30,335,495
28,901,022

Cost of sales
  
(22,186,218)
(22,921,950)

Gross profit
  
8,149,277
5,979,072

Administrative expenses
  
(4,327,905)
(4,033,702)

Other operating income
 5 
900
900

Operating profit
 6 
3,822,272
1,946,270

Interest receivable and similar income
 10 
347,912
154,787

Interest payable and similar expenses
 11 
(78)
(3,465)

Profit before tax
  
4,170,106
2,097,592

Tax on profit
 12 
(1,058,279)
(419,145)

Profit for the financial year
  
3,111,827
1,678,447

There was no other comprehensive income for 2024 (2023: £NIL).

The notes on pages 14 to 28 form part of these financial statements.

Page 9

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
REGISTERED NUMBER:SC064920



STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION
AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2024

2024
2023
Note
£
£

Fixed assets
  

Tangible assets
 13 
7,696,651
8,130,742

  
7,696,651
8,130,742

Current assets
  

Stocks
 14 
5,720,805
6,584,192

Debtors: amounts falling due within one year
 15 
13,076,240
6,872,974

Cash at bank and in hand
  
49,677
140

  
18,846,722
13,457,306

Creditors: amounts falling due within one year
 16 
(3,464,242)
(1,577,124)

Net current assets
  
 
 
15,382,480
 
 
11,880,182

Total assets less current liabilities
  
23,079,131
20,010,924

Provisions for liabilities
  

Deferred tax
 17 
(1,011,500)
(1,055,120)

  
 
 
(1,011,500)
 
 
(1,055,120)

Net assets
  
22,067,631
18,955,804


Capital and reserves
  

Called up share capital 
 18 
105,300
105,300

Share premium account
 19 
72,900
72,900

Profit and loss account
 19 
21,889,431
18,777,604

  
22,067,631
18,955,804


The financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the board and were signed on its behalf by: 




R M Galley
Director

Date: 23 July 2025

The notes on pages 14 to 28 form part of these financial statements.

Page 10

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
 



STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024


Called up share capital
Share premium account
Profit and loss account
Total equity

£
£
£
£


At 1 January 2023
105,300
72,900
17,099,157
17,277,357


Comprehensive income for the year

Profit for the year
-
-
1,678,447
1,678,447



At 1 January 2024
105,300
72,900
18,777,604
18,955,804


Comprehensive income for the year

Profit for the year
-
-
3,111,827
3,111,827


At 31 December 2024
105,300
72,900
21,889,431
22,067,631


The notes on pages 14 to 28 form part of these financial statements.

Page 11

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
 



STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

2024
2023
£
£

Cash flows from operating activities

Profit for the financial year
3,111,827
1,678,447

Adjustments for:

Depreciation of tangible assets
600,184
584,712

Profit on disposal of tangible assets
(51,694)
(16,487)

Interest paid
78
3,465

Interest received
(347,912)
(154,787)

Taxation charge
1,058,279
419,145

Decrease in stocks
863,387
998,788

(Increase)/decrease in debtors
(7,101,262)
802,011

Increase/(decrease) in creditors
928,441
(1,661,914)

Corporation tax received/(paid)
754,773
(965,757)

Interest paid
(78)
(3,465)

Net cash generated from operating activities

(183,977)
1,684,158


Cash flows from investing activities

Purchase of tangible fixed assets
(166,093)
(1,343,192)

Sale of tangible fixed assets
51,695
19,112

Interest received
347,912
154,787

Net cash from investing activities

233,514
(1,169,293)

Cash flows from financing activities

Repayment of loans
-
(394,372)

Repayment of/new finance leases
-
(142,849)

Net cash used in financing activities
-
(537,221)

Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
49,537
(22,356)

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
140
22,496

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of year
49,677
140


Cash and cash equivalents at the end of year comprise:

Cash at bank and in hand
49,677
140

49,677
140


The notes on pages 14 to 28 form part of these financial statements.

Page 12

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
 



ANALYSIS OF NET DEBT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024




At 1 January 2024
Cash flows
At 31 December 2024
£

£

£

Cash at bank and in hand

140

49,537

49,677

Debt due within 1 year

-

(11,353)

(11,353)


140
38,184
38,324

The notes on pages 14 to 28 form part of these financial statements.

Page 13

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
 


 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

1.


General information

Tornado Wire Limited is a private company limited by shares incorporated in Scotland. The registered office is Muthill Road, Crieff, Perthshire, PH7 4HQ.

2.Accounting policies

 
2.1

Basis of preparation of financial statements

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention unless otherwise specified within these accounting policies and in accordance with Financial Reporting Standard 102, the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and the Republic of Ireland and the Companies Act 2006.

The preparation of financial statements in compliance with FRS 102 requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires management to exercise judgment in applying the Company's accounting policies (see note 3).

The following principal accounting policies have been applied:

 
2.2

Going concern

The company made profits of £3,111,827 (2023: £1,678,447) during the period and at the balance sheet date had net current assets of £15,382,480 (2023: £11,880,182), net assets of £22,067,631 (2023: £18,955,804) and a cash balance of £49,677 (2023: £140).

Based on the on-going projected trading performance, covering  a period of at least 12 months from the date of approval of these financial statements, and the balances available for immediate drawdown under the Storskogen Group Treasury arrangements as detailed in the cash at bank policy (Note 2.13), the directors consider the company has adequate resources to continue its operations for foreseeable future. Thus, the directors continue to adopt the concern basis of accounting in preparing these financial statements.

 
2.3

Foreign currency translation

Functional and presentation currency

The Company's functional and presentational currency is GBP and the accounts are rounded to the nearest £.

Transactions and balances

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the spot exchange rates at the dates of the transactions.

At each period end foreign currency monetary items are translated using the closing rate. Non-monetary items measured at historical cost are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction and non-monetary items measured at fair value are measured using the exchange rate when fair value was determined.

 
2.4

Revenue

Turnover is recognised at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable for goods and services provided in the normal course of business, and is shown net of VAT and other sales related taxes. The fair value of consideration takes into account trade discounts, settlement discounts and volume rebates.
Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have passed to the buyer (usually on dispatch of the goods), the amount of revenue can be measured reliably, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the entity and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably.

Page 14

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
 


 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

2.Accounting policies (continued)

 
2.5

Operating leases: the Company as lessee

Rentals paid under operating leases are charged to profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Benefits received and receivable as an incentive to sign an operating lease are recognised on a straight-line basis over the lease term, unless another systematic basis is representative of the time pattern of the lessee's benefit from the use of the leased asset.

 
2.6

Leased assets: the Company as lessee

Assets obtained under hire purchase contracts and finance leases are capitalised as tangible fixed assets. Assets acquired by finance lease are depreciated over the shorter of the lease term and their useful lives. Assets acquired by hire purchase are depreciated over their useful lives. Finance leases are those where substantially all of the benefits and risks of ownership are assumed by the company. Obligations under such agreements are included in creditors net of the finance charge allocated to future periods. The finance element of the rental payment is charged to profit or loss so as to produce a constant periodic rate of charge on the net obligation outstanding in each period.

 
2.7

Interest income

Interest income is recognised in profit or loss using the effective interest method.

 
2.8

Finance costs

Finance costs are charged to profit or loss over the term of the debt using the effective interest method so that the amount charged is at a constant rate on the carrying amount. Issue costs are initially recognised as a reduction in the proceeds of the associated capital instrument.

 
2.9

Pensions

Defined contribution pension plan

The Company operates a defined contribution plan for its employees. A defined contribution plan is a pension plan under which the Company pays fixed contributions into a separate entity. Once the contributions have been paid the Company has no further payment obligations.

The contributions are recognised as an expense in profit or loss when they fall due. Amounts not paid are shown in accruals as a liability in the Statement of financial position. The assets of the plan are held separately from the Company in independently administered funds.

Page 15

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
 


 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

2.Accounting policies (continued)

 
2.10

Current and deferred taxation

The tax expense for the year comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in profit or loss except that a charge attributable to an item of income and expense recognised as other comprehensive income or to an item recognised directly in equity is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively.

The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date in the countries where the Company operates and generates income.

Deferred tax balances are recognised in respect of all timing differences that have originated but not reversed by the reporting date, except that:
The recognition of deferred tax assets is limited to the extent that it is probable that they will be recovered against the reversal of deferred tax liabilities or other future taxable profits; and
Any deferred tax balances are reversed if and when all conditions for retaining associated tax allowances have been met.

Deferred tax balances are not recognised in respect of permanent differences except in respect of business combinations, when deferred tax is recognised on the differences between the fair values of assets acquired and the future tax deductions available for them and the differences between the fair values of liabilities acquired and the amount that will be assessed for tax. Deferred tax is determined using tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.

 
2.11

Tangible fixed assets

Tangible fixed assets under the cost model are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses. Historical cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management.

Depreciation is charged so as to allocate the cost of assets less their residual value over their estimated useful lives, on the following bases.

Depreciation is provided on the following basis:

Freehold land and buildings
-
2-20% on cost
Leasehold land and buildings
-
2-20% on cost
Plant and machinery
-
5-20% on cost
Motor vehicles
-
25% on cost
Fixtures and fittings
-
33% on cost

The assets' residual values, useful lives and depreciation methods are reviewed, and adjusted prospectively if appropriate, or if there is an indication of a significant change since the last reporting date.

Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing the proceeds with the carrying amount and are recognised in profit or loss.
Land and buildings freehold included £225,500 (2023: £225,500) relating to land which is not depreciated.

Page 16

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
 


 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

2.Accounting policies (continued)

 
2.12

Stocks

Stocks are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value, being the estimated selling price less costs to complete and sell. Cost is based on the cost of purchase on a first in, first out basis. Work in progress and finished goods include labour and attributable overheads.

At each reporting date, stocks are assessed for impairment. If stock is impaired, the carrying amount is reduced to its selling price less costs to complete and sell. The impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss.

 
2.13

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents are basic financial assets and include cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks, other short-term liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less, and bank overdrafts. Bank overdrafts are shown within borrowings in current liabilities.

As part of the Storskogen Group's Treasury operations, all subsidiary companies participate in an interest bearing bank account sweeping arrangement whereby cash balances and overdrafts are physically swept to the header accounts on a daily basis. The net amount (as disclosed under 'amounts owed by group undertakings') as at the statement of financial position date is repayable on demand with the Company retaining ability to access the cash at any time, subject to Group Treasury arrangements. As at the year end, interest is charged at rates of between 6.80% and 7.05% on overdraft positions and between 1.95% and 3.85% on credit positions, depending on the currency in which the cash is held.

 
2.14

Provisions for liabilities

Provisions are recognised when an event has taken place that gives rise to a legal or constructive obligation, a transfer of economic benefits is probable and a reliable estimate can be made.
Provisions are measured as the best estimate of the amount required to settle the obligation, taking into account the related risks and uncertainties.
 
Increases in provisions are generally charged as an expense to profit or loss.

 
2.15

Financial instruments

The Company has elected to apply the provisions of Section 11 “Basic Financial Instruments” of FRS 102 to all of its financial instruments.

The Company has elected to apply the recognition and measurement provisions of IFRS 9 Financial Instruments (as adopted by the UK Endorsement Board) with the disclosure requirements of Sections 11 and 12 and the other presentation requirements of FRS 102.

Financial instruments are recognised in the Company's Statement of financial position when the Company becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

Financial assets and liabilities are offset, with the net amounts presented in the financial statements, when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
 
Page 17

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
 


 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

2.Accounting policies (continued)


2.15
Financial instruments (continued)


Basic financial assets

Basic financial assets, which include trade and other receivables, cash and bank balances, are initially measured at their transaction price including transaction costs and are subsequently carried at their amortised cost using the effective interest method, less any provision for impairment, unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the transaction is measured at the present value of the future receipts discounted at a market rate of interest.

Discounting is omitted where the effect of discounting is immaterial. The Company's cash and cash equivalents, trade and most other receivables due with the operating cycle fall into this category of financial instruments.

Other financial assets

Other financial assets, which includes investments in equity instruments which are not classified as subsidiaries, associates or joint ventures, are initially measured at fair value, which is normally the recognised transaction price. Such assets are subsequently measured at fair value with the changes in fair value being recognised in the profit or loss. Where other financial assets are not publicly traded, hence their fair value cannot be measured reliably, they are measured at cost less impairment.
Cashpooling 
This interest-bearing bank account sweeping arrangement means that cash balances and overdrafts are physically transferred to Storskogen Group AB header account on a daily basis. The net amount of £8,030,086  as at 31 December 2024 is included in 'Amounts owed by group undertakings' (2023: £2,270,706). This amount is repayable on demand with the Company retaining ability to access the cash at any time.

Impairment of financial assets

Financial assets are assessed for indicators of impairment at each reporting date. 

Financial assets are impaired when events, subsequent to their initial recognition, indicate the estimated future cash flows derived from the financial asset(s) have been adversely impacted. The impairment loss will be the difference between the current carrying amount and the present value of the future cash flows at the asset(s) original effective interest rate.

If there is a favourable change in relation to the events surrounding the impairment loss then the impairment can be reviewed for possible reversal. The reversal will not cause the current carrying amount to exceed the original carrying amount had the impairment not been recognised. The impairment reversal is recognised in the profit or loss.

Financial liabilities

Financial liabilities and equity instruments are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into. An equity instruments any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the Company after the deduction of all its liabilities.

Basic financial liabilities, which include trade and other payables, bank loans and other loans are initially measured at their transaction price after transaction costs. When this constitutes a financing transaction, whereby the debt instrument is measured at the present value of the future receipts discounted at a market rate of interest. Discounting is omitted where the effect of discounting is immaterial.
 

Page 18

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
 


 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

2.Accounting policies (continued)


2.15
Financial instruments (continued)

Debt instruments are subsequently carried at their amortised cost using the effective interest rate method.

Trade payables are obligations to pay for goods and services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business from suppliers. Trade payables are classified as current liabilities if the payment is due within one year. If not, they represent non-current liabilities. Trade payables are initially recognised at their transaction price and subsequently are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Discounting is omitted where the effect of discounting is immaterial.

Other financial instruments

Derivatives, including forward exchange contracts, futures contracts and interest rate swaps, are not classified as basic financial instruments. These are initially recognised at fair value on the date the derivative contract is entered into, with costs being charged to the profit or loss. They are subsequently measured at fair value with changes in the profit or loss.

Debt instruments that do not meet the conditions as set out in FRS 102 paragraph 11.9 are subsequently measured at fair value through the profit or loss. This recognition and measurement would also apply to financial instruments where the performance is evaluated on a fair value basis as with a documented risk management or investment strategy.
Classification of financial liabilities 
Financial liabilities and equity instruments are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into. An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the company after deducting all of its liabilities.

Derecognition of financial assets

Financial assets are derecognised when their contractual right to future cash flow expire, or are settled, or when the Company transfers the asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to another party. If significant risks and rewards of ownership are retained after the transfer to another party, then the Company will continue to recognise the value of the portion of the risks and rewards retained.

Derecognition of financial liabilities

Financial liabilities are derecognised when the Company's contractual obligations expire or are discharged or cancelled.

Page 19

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
 


 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

3.


Judgments in applying accounting policies and key sources of estimation uncertainty

In the application of the company’s accounting policies, the directors are required to make judgements, estimates and assumptions about the carrying amount of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised where the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods where the revision affects both current and future periods.
Key sources of estimation uncertainty
The estimates and assumptions which have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets and liabilities are as follows.
Useful lives of depreciable assets
The annual depreciation charge depends primarily on the estimated useful life of the asset and circumstances. The directors annually review the asset life and adjust as necessary to reflect current thinking on the remaining life in light of technological change, prospective economic utilisation and physical condition of the asset concerned.  Changes in asset lives can have a significant impact on depreciation charges for the period. It is not practical to quantify the impact of changes to asset lives on an overall basis, as asset lives are individually determined.
Allowance for impairment of trade receivables
The management estimates the allowance for doubtful trade debtors based on assessment of specific accounts where the company has objective evidence comprising default in payment terms or significant financial difficulty that certain customers are unable to meet their financial obligations. In these cases, judgement used was based on the best available facts and circumstances including but not limited to, the length of the relationship.
Allowance for slow-moving and obsolete inventory
Management estimates the net realisable value of inventories, taking into account the most reliable evidence at each reporting date. The future realisation of these inventories may be affected by future technology and other market-driven changes that may reduce future selling price. 
 


4.


Turnover

An analysis of turnover by class of business is as follows:


2024
2023
£
£

Sale of goods
30,335,495
28,901,022

30,335,495
28,901,022


Analysis of turnover by country of destination:

2024
2023
£
£

United Kingdom
24,299,655
22,098,415

Rest of Europe
5,646,573
5,965,436

Rest of the world
389,267
837,171

30,335,495
28,901,022


Page 20

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
 


 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

5.


Other operating income

2024
2023
£
£

Net rents receivable
900
900

900
900



6.


Operating profit

The operating profit is stated after charging:

2024
2023
£
£

Exchange differences
65,490
56,823

Other operating lease rentals
30,000
30,000

Depreciation of owned tangible fixed assets
600,184
536,586

Depreciation of tangible fixed assets held under finance leases
-
48,126

Profit on disposal of tangible fixed assets
(51,695)
(16,487)


7.


Auditors' remuneration

During the year, the Company obtained the following services from the Company's auditors:


2024
2023
£
£

Fees payable to the Company's auditors for the audit of the Company's financial statements
33,378
32,176
Page 21

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
 


 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

8.


Employees

Staff costs, including directors' remuneration, were as follows:


2024
2023
£
£

Wages and salaries
3,543,422
3,379,217

Social security costs
357,050
344,146

Cost of defined contribution scheme
208,102
171,434

4,108,574
3,894,797


The average monthly number of employees, including the directors, during the year was as follows:


        2024
        2023
            No.
            No.







Directors
2
2



Production
58
58



Distribution
8
9



Sales
10
10



Office
6
7

84
86


9.


Directors' remuneration

2024
2023
£
£

Directors' emoluments
416,962
452,376

Company contributions to defined contribution pension schemes
114,590
32,014

531,552
484,390


During the year retirement benefits were accruing to 2 directors (2023 - 2) in respect of defined contribution pension schemes.

The highest paid director received remuneration of £168,224 (2023 - £275,528).

The value of the Company's contributions paid to a defined contribution pension scheme in respect of the highest paid director amounted to £88,742 (2023 - £19,440).

Page 22

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
 


 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

10.


Interest receivable

2024
2023
£
£


Other interest receivable
347,912
154,787

347,912
154,787


11.


Interest payable and similar expenses

2024
2023
£
£


Bank interest payable
78
11

Finance leases and hire purchase contracts
-
3,454

78
3,465


12.


Taxation


2024
2023
£
£

Corporation tax


Current tax on profits for the year
1,101,899
215,260


1,101,899
215,260


Total current tax
1,101,899
215,260

Deferred tax


Origination and reversal of timing differences
(43,620)
203,885

Total deferred tax
(43,620)
203,885


Tax on profit
1,058,279
419,145
Page 23

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
 


 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
 
12.Taxation (continued)


Factors affecting tax charge for the year

The tax assessed for the year is higher than (2023 - lower than) the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK of 25% (2023 - 23.5%). The differences are explained below:

2024
2023
£
£


Profit on ordinary activities before tax
4,170,106
2,097,592


Profit on ordinary activities multiplied by standard rate of corporation tax in the UK of 25% (2023 - 23.5%)
1,042,527
492,934

Effects of:


Tax effect of expenses that are not deductible in determining taxable profit
7,117
7,199

Adjustments to tax charge in respect of prior periods
62,921
65,157

Permanent capital allowances in excess of depreciation
-
(217,300)

Deferred tax adjustment
(43,620)
203,885

Profit on disposal of fixed assets
-
(3,874)

Other movement
(10,666)
-

Group relief
-
(128,856)

Total tax charge for the year
1,058,279
419,145


Factors that may affect future tax charges

Tornado Wire Limited is within the scope of the OECD Pillar Two model rules. Pillar Two legislation has been enacted in the UK and is effective in 2024. 
Under the legislation, the Company is liable to pay a top-up tax in the UK for the difference between the GloBE effective tax rate for each jurisdiction and the 15% minimum rate. In addition, top-up taxes are payable locally where qualifying domestic minimum top-up taxes have been legislated and are in effect. 
Transitional relief has been introduced based on the group’s country-by-country reporting obligations. If the criteria are met, no top-up tax will be charged for the tax jurisdiction in question, and there is no need to prepare the full computation of top-up-tax. Based on the preliminary country-by-country reporting for 2024, it has been determined that the UK is within the scope of the transitional relief rule. 
The Company applies the exception to recognising and disclosing information about deferred tax assets and liabilities related to Pillar Two income taxes, as provided in the amendments to FRS 102 section 29 issued in July 2023. 

Page 24

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
 


 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

13.


Tangible fixed assets





Land and buildings
Leasehold land and buildings
Plant and machinery
Motor vehicles
Fixtures and fittings
Total

£
£
£
£
£
£



Cost or valuation


At 1 January 2024
3,833,651
87,590
10,325,219
308,573
360,589
14,915,622


Additions
35,944
-
86,798
43,351
-
166,093


Disposals
-
-
-
(135,892)
-
(135,892)



At 31 December 2024

3,869,595
87,590
10,412,017
216,032
360,589
14,945,823



Depreciation


At 1 January 2024
969,201
87,590
5,130,597
269,265
328,227
6,784,880


Charge for the year
88,936
-
473,267
23,990
13,991
600,184


Disposals
-
-
-
(135,892)
-
(135,892)



At 31 December 2024

1,058,137
87,590
5,603,864
157,363
342,218
7,249,172



Net book value



At 31 December 2024
2,811,458
-
4,808,153
58,669
18,371
7,696,651



At 31 December 2023
2,864,450
-
5,194,622
39,308
32,362
8,130,742


14.


Stocks

2024
2023
£
£

Raw materials and consumables
2,084,382
2,747,507

Finished goods and goods for resale
3,636,423
3,836,685

5,720,805
6,584,192


Page 25

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
 


 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

15.


Debtors

2024
2023
£
£


Trade debtors
2,880,603
2,459,226

Amounts owed by group undertakings
9,186,672
3,379,752

Other debtors
898,003
935,180

Prepayments and accrued income
110,962
98,816

13,076,240
6,872,974



16.


Creditors: Amounts falling due within one year

2024
2023
£
£

Trade creditors
1,434,267
674,846

Amounts owed to group undertakings
67,392
-

Corporation tax
958,677
-

Other taxation and social security
648,642
539,861

Other creditors
34,697
22,719

Accruals and deferred income
320,567
339,698

3,464,242
1,577,124



17.


Deferred taxation




2024


£






At beginning of year
(1,055,120)


Charged to profit or loss
43,620



At end of year
(1,011,500)

The provision for deferred taxation is made up as follows:

2024
2023
£
£


Accelerated capital allowances
(1,014,721)
(1,058,323)

Short term timing differences
3,221
3,203

(1,011,500)
(1,055,120)

Page 26

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
 


 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
 
17.Deferred taxation (continued)


The timing of the outflows related to deferred tax is uncertain and depends on future events.


18.


Share capital

2024
2023
£
£
Allotted, called up and fully paid



105,300 (2023 - 105,300) Ordinary shares of £1.00 each
105,300
105,300

The Ordinary shares have attached to them full voting, dividend and capital distribution rights; they do not confer any rights of redemption.



19.


Reserves

Share premium account

This reserve records the amount above the nominal value received for shares issued, less transaction costs.

Profit and loss account

This reserve records retained earnings and accumulated losses.


20.


Capital commitments


At 31 December 2024 the Company had capital commitments as follows:

2024
2023
£
£


Contracted for but not provided in these financial statements
67,573
-

67,573
-


21.


Pension commitments

The Company operates a defined contributions pension scheme. The assets of the scheme are held separately from those of the Company in an independently administered fund. The pension cost charge represents contributions payable by the Company to the fund and amounted to £208,102 (2023 - £171,434). Contributions totalling £23,344 (2023 - £22,719) were payable to the fund at the reporting date and are included in creditors.

Page 27

 


TORNADO WIRE LIMITED
 


 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

22.


Commitments under operating leases

At 31 December 2024 the Company had future minimum lease payments due under non-cancellable operating leases for each of the following periods:

2024
2023
£
£


Not later than 1 year
31,011
-

Later than 1 year and not later than 5 years
45,521
-

76,532
-


23.


Transactions with directors

Included in other creditors are the following transactions with the directors.

2024
2023
£
£
Balance outstanding at start of year

-

-
 
Amounts advanced

137,373

-
 
Amounts repaid

(126,020)

-
 
Balance oustanding at end of year
11,353

-
 

Interest is not being charged on this loan. The loan is repayable on demand. 


24.


Related party transactions

Included in legal and professional fees is £120,000 which relates to the £10,000 per month management charge from Storskogen UK Limited, a parent company of Tornado Wire Limited.


25.


Controlling party

The parent company of Tornado Wire Limited is Tornado Group Limited, a company incorporated in England Wales. The Company is a wholly owned subsidiary.
Storskogen Group AB (publ), the company's ultimate controlling party, is the parent of the largest and the smallest group of undertakings for which consolidated financial statements are drawn up and of which the company is a member. Storskogen Group AB (publ) is incorporated in Sweden, and its consolidated financial statements are available from its registered office, Hovslagargaton 3, 111 48 Stockholm, Sweden, and the company's website.

 
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