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Registered number: 04344380










A2O LIMITED










ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

 
A2O LIMITED
 
 
COMPANY INFORMATION


Directors
Mr T Gray 
Mr D Yardy 




Company secretary
Ms V Yardy



Registered number
04344380



Registered office
The Old Barn Pump House Farm
Ongar Road

Kelvedon Hatch

Brentwood

Essex

CM15 0LA




Independent auditor
MHA

Building 4

Roxborough Way, Foundation Park

Maidenhead , United Kingdom

SL6 3UD





 
A2O LIMITED
 

CONTENTS



Page
Strategic Report
1 - 2
Directors' Report
3 - 4
Independent Auditor's Report
5 - 8
Statement of Comprehensive Income
9
Balance Sheet
10 - 11
Statement of Changes in Equity
12
Statement of Cash Flows
13
Analysis of Net Debt
14
Notes to the Financial Statements
15 - 27


 
A2O LIMITED
 
 
STRATEGIC REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

Introduction
 
The purpose of the business is to provide a service of design, supply and installation of façade systems throughout the UK.  We generally work directly for Main Contractors but also up to 15% of our work each year is also carried out directly for the client (owner of the building).
We use a combination of our own in-house design team and third party consultants for the design services, we use material suppliers for the systems and third party labour only subcontractors for the installation.
We employ directly a management team to manage all three operations.  

Business review
 
The Company has performed above the levels of 2023 at operating profit level, despite a lower revenue. The Balance Sheet position has been further strengthened, prior to the payment of a dividend of £391,520.
The results of the Company at the end of the reporting period were turnover at £21.6 (2023 - £32.4m) with a Gross Margin of 23.7% (2023 – 17.3%). The profit margin for the year was 3.2% (2023 - 1.6%).
The Directors consider that the Company is well placed to deal with the ongoing challenges in the UK construction industry. The continued demand for replacement cladding to buildings due to fire safety concerns looks to continue for at least another 5 years and the business is well placed to deliver on this workload.

Principal risks and uncertainties
 
The Directors have reviewed the key risks to which the Company is exposed together with the operating and financial controls which are in place to mitigate those risks. The main risks are as follows:-
Competition
The Directors consider that the Company can compete effectively in the current environment in its target market.
The Company's ability to stabilise costs in a competitive environment will protect it against aggressive price reductions by competitors to gain market share. The Company will continue to compete on the basis of quality and service rather than price.
Bad debts
In the uncertain economic climate, there will always be a bad debt risk. The Directors seek to mitigate this by adherence to the Company's robust credit control procedures and maintaining our credit insurance policy.
IT Security
The Directors attach high priority to managing the risks posed by IT security breaches. This is managed on a continuous basis by our external IT consultant.

Financial key performance indicators
 
The business maintains a strong management information function which focuses on regular and accurate reporting. The key performance indicators (KPIs) monitored and reported monthly include:
• Turnover:      2024 - £21.6 (2023 - £32.4m)
• Gross Margin:     2024 -   23.7% (2023 - 17.3%)
• Profit Margin:    2024 -  3.2% (2023 – 1.6%)

Page 1

 
A2O LIMITED
 

STRATEGIC REPORT (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

Other key performance indicators
 
The Directors also use non-financial performance indicators to monitor the performance of the business. The Company continues to monitor customer satisfaction, staff commitment and key supplier relationships throughout the year.


This report was approved by the board and signed on its behalf.



Mr D Yardy
Director

Date: 18 August 2025

Page 2

 
A2O LIMITED
 
 
 
DIRECTORS' REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

The Directors present their report and the financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2024.

Directors

The Directors who served during the year were:

Mr T Gray 
Mr D Yardy 

Results and dividends

The profit for the year, after taxation, amounted to £524,174 (2023 - £390,244).

Dividends paid in the year amounted to £391,520 (2023: £100,000)

Directors' responsibilities statement

The Directors are responsible for preparing the Strategic Report, the Directors' Report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.
 
Company law requires the Directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the Directors have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice), including Financial Reporting Standard 102 ‘The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland'. Under company law the Directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Company and of the profit or loss of the Company for that period.

 In preparing these financial statements, the Directors are required to:


select suitable accounting policies for the Company's financial statements and then apply them consistently;

make judgments and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent;

prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the Company will continue in business.

The Directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the Company's transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Company and to enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

Future developments

The Company continues to seek to consolidate on its turnover for the next few years and improve its margins and profitability.

Page 3

 
A2O LIMITED
 
 
 
DIRECTORS' REPORT (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

Matters covered in the Strategic Report

In accordance with section 414C of the Companies Act 2006 the Directors have chosen to include the following
items in the Strategic Report:
• Strategy of the Company
• Risk and performance
 

Disclosure of information to auditor

Each of the persons who are Directors at the time when this Directors' Report is approved has confirmed that:
 
so far as the Director is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the Company's auditor is unaware, and

the Director has taken all the steps that ought to have been taken as a Director in order to be aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the Company's auditor is aware of that information.

Post balance sheet events

There have been no significant events affecting the Company since the year end.

This report was approved by the board and signed on its behalf.
 





Mr D Yardy
Director

Date: 18 August 2025

Page 4

 
A2O LIMITED
 
 
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF A2O LIMITED
 

Opinion


We have audited the financial statements of A2O Limited (the 'Company') for the year ended 31 December 2024, which comprise the Statement of Comprehensive Income, the Balance Sheet, the Statement of Cash Flows, the Statement of Changes in Equity and the related notes, including a summary of significant accounting policiesThe financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including Financial Reporting Standard 102 ‘The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland' (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).


In our opinion the financial statements:


give a true and fair view of the state of the Company's affairs as at 31 December 2024 and of its profit for the year then ended;
have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and
have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.


Basis for opinion


We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the Company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the United Kingdom, including the Financial Reporting Council's Ethical Standard and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.


Conclusions relating to going concern


In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the Directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate.


Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the Company's ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue.


Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the Directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report.


Page 5

 
A2O LIMITED
 
 
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF A2O LIMITED (CONTINUED)


Other information


The other information comprises the information included in the Annual Report other than the financial statements and our Auditor's Report thereon. The Directors are responsible for the other information contained within the Annual ReportOur opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact.


We have nothing to report in this regard.


Opinion on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006
 

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit:


the information given in the Strategic Report and the Directors' Report for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and
the Strategic Report and the Directors' Report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.


Matters on which we are required to report by exception
 

In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the Company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the Strategic Report or the Directors' Report.


We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:


adequate accounting records have not been kept, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or
the financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or
certain disclosures of Directors' remuneration specified by law are not made; or
we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.


Responsibilities of directors
 

As explained more fully in the Directors' Responsibilities Statement set out on page 3, the Directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the Directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.


In preparing the financial statements, the Directors are responsible for assessing the Company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the Directors either intend to liquidate the Company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.


Page 6

 
A2O LIMITED
 
 
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF A2O LIMITED (CONTINUED)


Auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements
 

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an Auditor's Report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.


Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud. The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below:

Enquiry of management around actual and potential litigation and claims;
Performing audit work over the risk of management override of controls, including testing of journal entries and other adjustments for appropriateness, evaluation of the business rationale of significant transactions outside the normal course of business and reviewing accounting estimates for bias;
Reviewing minutes of meetings of those charged with governance
Reviewing financial statements disclosures and testing to supporting documentations to assess compliance with applicable laws and regulations.


Because of the inherent limitations of an audit, there is a risk that we will not detect all irregularities, including those leading to a material misstatement in the financial statements or non-compliance with regulation. This risk increases the more that compliance with a law or regulation is removed from the events and transactions reflected in the financial statements, as we will be less likely to become aware of instances of non-compliance. The risk is also greater regarding irregularities occurring due to fraud rather than error, as fraud involves intentional concealment, forgery, collusion, omission or misrepresentation.


A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial Reporting Council's website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our Auditor's Report.


Page 7

 
A2O LIMITED
 
 
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF A2O LIMITED (CONTINUED)


Use of our report
 

This report is made solely to the Company's members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the Company's members those matters we are required to state to them in an Auditor's Report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the Company and the Company's members, as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.





Justin Moss MA FCA (Senior Statutory Auditor)
  
for and on behalf of
MHA
 
Statutory Auditor
  
Maidenhead , United Kingdom

20 September 2025
MHA is the trading name of MHA Audit Services LLP, a limited liability partnership in England and Wales (registered number OC455542).
Page 8

 
A2O LIMITED
 
 
STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

2024
2023
Note
£
£

  

Turnover
 4 
21,591,303
32,378,305

Cost of sales
  
(16,469,557)
(26,768,005)

Gross profit
  
5,121,746
5,610,300

Administrative expenses
  
(4,452,649)
(5,108,979)

Other operating income
 5 
-
10,585

Operating profit
 6 
669,097
511,906

Interest receivable and similar income
 10 
39,006
7,866

Interest payable and similar expenses
 11 
(6,498)
(8,860)

Profit before tax
  
701,605
510,912

Tax on profit
 12 
(177,431)
(120,668)

Profit for the financial year
  
524,174
390,244

There was no other comprehensive income for 2024 (2023:£NIL).

The notes on pages 15 to 27 form part of these financial statements.

Page 9

 
A2O LIMITED
REGISTERED NUMBER: 04344380

BALANCE SHEET
AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2024

2024
2023
Note
£
£

Fixed assets
  

Tangible assets
 14 
133,105
94,802

  
133,105
94,802

Current assets
  

Stocks
 15 
83,690
-

Debtors: amounts falling due within one year
 16 
4,549,429
6,737,163

Cash at bank and in hand
 17 
2,605,672
2,161,839

  
7,238,791
8,899,002

Creditors: amounts falling due within one year
 18 
(3,918,536)
(5,629,212)

Net current assets
  
 
 
3,320,255
 
 
3,269,790

Total assets less current liabilities
  
3,453,360
3,364,592

Creditors: amounts falling due after more than one year
 19 
(57,010)
(106,896)

Provisions for liabilities
  

Deferred tax
 21 
(28,000)
(22,000)

  
 
 
(28,000)
 
 
(22,000)

Net assets
  
3,368,350
3,235,696


Capital and reserves
  

Called up share capital 
  
1,500
1,500

Profit and loss account
  
3,366,850
3,234,196

  
3,368,350
3,235,696


Page 10

 
A2O LIMITED
REGISTERED NUMBER: 04344380
    
BALANCE SHEET (CONTINUED)
AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2024

The financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the board and were signed on its behalf by: 




Mr D Yardy
Director

Date: 18 August 2025

The notes on pages 15 to 27 form part of these financial statements.

Page 11

 
A2O LIMITED
 

STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024


Called up share capital
Profit and loss account
Total equity

£
£
£


At 1 January 2023
1,500
2,943,952
2,945,452


Comprehensive income for the year

Profit for the year
-
390,244
390,244

Dividends: Equity capital
-
(100,000)
(100,000)



At 1 January 2024
1,500
3,234,196
3,235,696



Profit for the year
-
524,174
524,174

Dividends: Equity capital
-
(391,520)
(391,520)


At 31 December 2024
1,500
3,366,850
3,368,350


The notes on pages 15 to 27 form part of these financial statements.

Page 12

 
A2O LIMITED
 

STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

2024
2023
£
£

Cash flows from operating activities

Profit for the financial year
524,174
390,244

Adjustments for:

Depreciation of tangible assets
39,875
21,424

Interest paid
6,498
8,860

Interest received
(39,006)
(7,866)

Taxation charge
177,431
120,668

(Increase)/decrease in stocks
(83,690)
40,000

Decrease/(increase) in debtors
1,836,269
(281,968)

(Decrease)/increase in creditors
(1,696,452)
588,847

Corporation tax received/(paid)
165,810
(227,368)

Net cash generated from operating activities

930,909
652,841


Cash flows from investing activities

Purchase of tangible fixed assets
(78,178)
(57,749)

Interest received
39,006
7,866

Net cash from investing activities

(39,172)
(49,883)

Cash flows from financing activities

Repayment of loans
(49,886)
(44,211)

Dividends paid
(391,520)
(100,000)

Interest paid
(6,498)
(8,860)

Net cash used in financing activities
(447,904)
(153,071)

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
443,833
449,887

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
2,161,839
1,711,952

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of year
2,605,672
2,161,839


Cash and cash equivalents at the end of year comprise:

Cash at bank and in hand
2,605,672
2,161,839

2,605,672
2,161,839


The notes on pages 15 to 27 form part of these financial statements.

Page 13

 
A2O LIMITED
 

ANALYSIS OF NET DEBT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024




At 1 January 2024
Cash flows
At 31 December 2024
£

£

£

Cash at bank and in hand

2,161,839

443,833

2,605,672

Debt due after 1 year

(106,896)

49,886

(57,010)

Debt due within 1 year

(50,000)

-

(50,000)


2,004,943
493,719
2,498,662

The notes on pages 15 to 27 form part of these financial statements.

Page 14

 
A2O LIMITED
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

1.


General information

A2O Limited is a limited liability company incorporated in England and Wales, company number 04344380.  The registered office is The Old Barn Pump House Farm, Ongar Road, Kelvedon Hatch, Brentwood, Essex, CM15 0LA.    
The financial statements are presented in pound sterling, which is the functional and presentational currency of the Company and has been rounded to the nearest pound.
The significant accounting policies applied in the preparation of the financial statements are set out below. These policies have been consistently applied to all years presented unless stated otherwise.

2.Accounting policies

 
2.1

Basis of preparation of financial statements

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention unless otherwise specified within these accounting policies and in accordance with FRS 102 'The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and the Republic of Ireland' and the requirements of the Companies Act 2006. The disclosure requirements of Section 1A of FRS 102 have been applied other than where additional disclosure is required to show a true and fair view.

The following principal accounting policies have been applied:

 
2.2

Revenue

Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Company and the revenue can be reliably measured. Revenue is measured as the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, excluding discounts, rebates, value added tax and other sales taxes. The following criteria must also be met before revenue is recognised:

Rendering of services

Revenue from a contract to provide services is recognised in the period in which the services are provided in accordance with the stage of completion of the contract when all of the following conditions are satisfied:
the amount of revenue can be measured reliably;
it is probable that the Company will receive the consideration due under the contract;
the stage of completion of the contract at the end of the reporting period can be measured reliably; and
the costs incurred and the costs to complete the contract can be measured reliably.

The Company determines the stage of completion by means of surveyors valuation certificates which are amended for matters specific to individual projects by the Company as and when considered necessary. The revenue attributable to each project is compared to the amount invoiced by the year end and any difference treated as deferred income or accrued income as appropriate.

Page 15

 
A2O LIMITED
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

2.Accounting policies (continued)

 
2.3

Operating leases: the Company as lessee

Rentals paid under operating leases are charged to profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Benefits received and receivable as an incentive to sign an operating lease are recognised on a straight-line basis over the lease term, unless another systematic basis is representative of the time pattern of the lessee's benefit from the use of the leased asset.

 
2.4

Government grants

Grants are accounted under the accruals model as permitted by FRS 102. Grants relating to expenditure on tangible fixed assets are credited to profit or loss at the same rate as the depreciation on the assets to which the grant relates. The deferred element of grants is included in creditors as deferred income.
Grants of a revenue nature are recognised in the Statement of Comprehensive Income in the same period as the related expenditure.

 
2.5

Interest income

Interest income is recognised in profit or loss using the effective interest method.

 
2.6

Finance costs

Finance costs are charged to profit or loss over the term of the debt using the effective interest method so that the amount charged is at a constant rate on the carrying amount. Issue costs are initially recognised as a reduction in the proceeds of the associated capital instrument.

 
2.7

Borrowing costs

All borrowing costs are recognised in profit or loss in the year in which they are incurred.

 
2.8

Pensions

Defined contribution pension plan

The Company operates a defined contribution plan for its employees. A defined contribution plan is a pension plan under which the Company pays fixed contributions into a separate entity. Once the contributions have been paid the Company has no further payment obligations.

The contributions are recognised as an expense in profit or loss when they fall due. Amounts not paid are shown in accruals as a liability in the Balance Sheet. The assets of the plan are held separately from the Company in independently administered funds.

Page 16

 
A2O LIMITED
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

2.Accounting policies (continued)

 
2.9

Current and deferred taxation

The tax expense for the year comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in profit or loss except that a charge attributable to an item of income and expense recognised as other comprehensive income or to an item recognised directly in equity is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively.

The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date in the countries where the Company operates and generates income.

Deferred tax balances are recognised in respect of all timing differences that have originated but not reversed by the balance sheet date, except that:
The recognition of deferred tax assets is limited to the extent that it is probable that they will be recovered against the reversal of deferred tax liabilities or other future taxable profits; and
Any deferred tax balances are reversed if and when all conditions for retaining associated tax allowances have been met.

Deferred tax balances are not recognised in respect of permanent differences except in respect of business combinations, when deferred tax is recognised on the differences between the fair values of assets acquired and the future tax deductions available for them and the differences between the fair values of liabilities acquired and the amount that will be assessed for tax. Deferred tax is determined using tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date.


 
2.10

Tangible fixed assets

Tangible fixed assets under the cost model are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses. Historical cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management.

Depreciation is charged so as to allocate the cost of assets less their residual value over their estimated useful lives, using the straight-line method.

Depreciation is provided on the following basis:

Property improvements
-
10%
Plant and machinery
-
25%
Motor vehicles
-
25%
Fixtures and fittings
-
15%
Office equipment
-
25%

The assets' residual values, useful lives and depreciation methods are reviewed, and adjusted prospectively if appropriate, or if there is an indication of a significant change since the last reporting date.

Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing the proceeds with the carrying amount and are recognised in profit or loss.

Page 17

 
A2O LIMITED
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

2.Accounting policies (continued)

 
2.11

Stocks

Stocks are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value, being the estimated selling price less costs to complete and sell. Cost is based on the cost of purchase on a first in, first out basis. Work in progress and finished goods include labour and attributable overheads.

At each balance sheet date, stocks are assessed for impairment. If stock is impaired, the carrying amount is reduced to its selling price less costs to complete and sell. The impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss.

 
2.12

Debtors

Short-term debtors are measured at transaction price, less any impairment. Loans receivable are measured initially at fair value, net of transaction costs, and are measured subsequently at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment.

 
2.13

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash is represented by cash in hand and deposits with financial institutions repayable without penalty on notice of not more than 24 hours. Cash equivalents are highly liquid investments that mature in no more than three months from the date of acquisition and that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash with insignificant risk of change in value.

In the Statement of Cash Flows, cash and cash equivalents are shown net of bank overdrafts that are repayable on demand and form an integral part of the Company's cash management.

 
2.14

Creditors

Short-term creditors are measured at the transaction price. Other financial liabilities, including bank loans, are measured initially at fair value, net of transaction costs, and are measured subsequently at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

 
2.15

Provisions for liabilities

Provisions are recognised when an event has taken place that gives rise to a legal or constructive obligation, a transfer of economic benefits is probable and a reliable estimate can be made.
Provisions are measured as the best estimate of the amount required to settle the obligation, taking into account the related risks and uncertainties.
 
Increases in provisions are generally charged as an expense to profit or loss.

 
2.16

Financial instruments

The Company has elected to apply the provisions of Section 11 “Basic Financial Instruments” of FRS 102 to all of its financial instruments.

Financial instruments are recognised in the Company's Balance Sheet when the Company becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

Financial assets and liabilities are offset, with the net amounts presented in the financial statements, when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.
Page 18

 
A2O LIMITED
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

2.Accounting policies (continued)


2.16
Financial instruments (continued)


Basic financial assets

Basic financial assets, which include trade and other debtors, cash and bank balances, are initially measured at their transaction price (adjusted for transaction costs except in the initial measurement of financial assets that are subsequently measured at fair value through profit and loss) and are subsequently carried at their amortised cost using the effective interest method, less any provision for impairment, unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the transaction is measured at the present value of the future receipts discounted at a market rate of interest.

Discounting is omitted where the effect of discounting is immaterial. The Company's cash and cash equivalents, trade and most other debtors due with the operating cycle fall into this category of financial instruments.

Other financial assets

Other financial assets, which includes investments in equity instruments which are not classified as subsidiaries, associates or joint ventures, are initially measured at fair value, which is normally the recognised transaction price. Such assets are subsequently measured at fair value with the changes in fair value being recognised in the profit or loss. Where other financial assets are not publicly traded, hence their fair value cannot be measured reliably, they are measured at cost less impairment.

Impairment of financial assets

Financial assets are assessed for indicators of impairment at each reporting date.

Financial assets are impaired when events, subsequent to their initial recognition, indicate the estimated future cash flows derived from the financial asset(s) have been adversely impacted. The impairment loss will be the difference between the current carrying amount and the present value of the future cash flows at the asset(s) original effective interest rate.

If there is a favourable change in relation to the events surrounding the impairment loss then the impairment can be reviewed for possible reversal. The reversal will not cause the current carrying amount to exceed the original carrying amount had the impairment not been recognised. The impairment reversal is recognised in the profit or loss.

Basic financial liabilities

Financial liabilities and equity instruments are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into. An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the Company after the deduction of all its liabilities.

Basic financial liabilities, which include trade and other creditors, bank loans and other loans are initially measured at their transaction price (adjusting for transaction costs except in the initial measurement of financial liabilities that are subsequently measured at fair value through profit and loss). When this constitutes a financing transaction, whereby the debt instrument is measured at the present value of the future payments discounted at a market rate of interest, discounting is omitted where the effect of discounting is immaterial.

Debt instruments are subsequently carried at their amortised cost using the effective interest rate
Page 19

 
A2O LIMITED
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

2.Accounting policies (continued)


2.16
Financial instruments (continued)

method.

Trade creditors are obligations to pay for goods and services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business from suppliers. Trade creditors are classified as current liabilities if the payment is due within one year. If not, they represent non-current liabilities. Trade creditors are initially recognised at their transaction price and subsequently are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Discounting is omitted where the effect of discounting is immaterial.

 
2.17

Dividends

Equity dividends are recognised when they become legally payable. Interim equity dividends are recognised when paid. Final equity dividends are recognised when approved by the shareholders at an annual general meeting.


3.


Judgments in applying accounting policies and key sources of estimation uncertainty

The key judgment in applying accounting policies relates to revenue recognition. This is described in detail in point 2.2 above.


4.


Turnover

An analysis of turnover by class of business is as follows:


2024
2023
£
£

External cladding and roofing and site set up services relating to construction projects.
21,591,303
32,378,305

21,591,303
32,378,305


Analysis of turnover by country of destination:

2024
2023
£
£

United Kingdom
21,591,303
32,378,305

21,591,303
32,378,305


Page 20

 
A2O LIMITED
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

5.


Other operating income

2024
2023
£
£

Government grants receivable
-
10,585

-
10,585



6.


Operating profit

The operating profit is stated after charging:

2024
2023
£
£

Depreciation
39,875
21,424

Other operating lease rentals
31,608
39,852


7.


Auditor's remuneration

During the year, the Company obtained the following services from the Company's auditor:


2024
2023
£
£

Fees payable to the Company's auditor for the audit of the Company's financial statements
23,000
22,000


8.


Employees

Staff costs, including Directors' remuneration, were as follows:


2024
2023
£
£

Wages and salaries
2,065,083
2,482,722

Social security costs
238,134
298,851

Cost of defined contribution scheme
99,592
67,126

2,402,809
2,848,699


The average monthly number of employees, including directors, during the year was 35 (2023 - 35).

Page 21

 
A2O LIMITED
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

9.


Directors' remuneration

2024
2023
£
£

Directors' emoluments
210,708
558,100

210,708
558,100


The highest paid Director received remuneration of £177,985 (2023 - £519,742).

The value of the Company's contributions paid to a defined contribution pension scheme in respect of the highest paid Director amounted to £NIL (2023 - £NIL).

Details of remuneration paid to Directors by third parties are given in note 24.


10.


Interest receivable

2024
2023
£
£


Bank interest receivable
39,006
7,866

39,006
7,866


11.


Interest payable and similar expenses

2024
2023
£
£


Bank interest payable
6,498
8,860

6,498
8,860

Page 22

 
A2O LIMITED
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

12.


Taxation


2024
2023
£
£

Corporation tax


Current tax on profits for the year
171,431
120,000

Adjustments in respect of previous periods
-
(12,632)


171,431
107,368


Total current tax
171,431
107,368

Deferred tax


Origination and reversal of timing differences
6,000
13,300

Total deferred tax
6,000
13,300


177,431
120,668

Factors affecting tax charge for the year

The tax assessed for the year is the same as (2023 - lower than) the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK of 25% (2023 - 23.5%). The differences are explained below:

2024
2023
£
£


Profit on ordinary activities before tax
701,605
510,912


Profit on ordinary activities multiplied by standard rate of corporation tax in the UK of 25% (2023 - 23.5%)
175,401
120,064

Effects of:


Expenses not deductible for tax purposes, other than goodwill amortisation and impairment
2,030
604

Total tax charge for the year
177,431
120,668


Factors that may affect future tax charges

There were no factors that may affect future tax charges.



Page 23

 
A2O LIMITED
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

13.


Dividends

2024
2023
£
£


Dividends paid
391,520
100,000

391,520
100,000


14.


Tangible fixed assets





Long-term leasehold property
Plant and machinery
Motor vehicles
Fixtures and fittings
Office equipment
Total

£
£
£
£
£
£



Cost or valuation


At 1 January 2024
46,933
20,375
27,085
23,162
130,623
248,178


Additions
-
-
65,657
-
12,521
78,178



At 31 December 2024

46,933
20,375
92,742
23,162
143,144
326,356



Depreciation


At 1 January 2024
6,401
19,586
27,085
13,900
86,404
153,376


Charge for the year on owned assets
4,693
625
15,046
1,791
17,720
39,875



At 31 December 2024

11,094
20,211
42,131
15,691
104,124
193,251



Net book value



At 31 December 2024
35,839
164
50,611
7,471
39,020
133,105



At 31 December 2023
40,532
789
-
9,262
44,219
94,802


15.


Stocks

2024
2023
£
£

Finished goods and goods for resale
83,690
-

83,690
-


Page 24

 
A2O LIMITED
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

16.


Debtors

2024
2023
£
£


Trade debtors
207,140
161,390

Other debtors
1,757,588
2,109,053

Prepayments and accrued income
2,584,701
4,466,720

4,549,429
6,737,163



17.


Cash and cash equivalents

2024
2023
£
£

Cash at bank and in hand
2,605,672
2,161,839

2,605,672
2,161,839



18.


Creditors: Amounts falling due within one year

2024
2023
£
£

Bank loan
50,000
50,000

Trade creditors
1,328,636
2,689,603

Corporation tax
105,776
120,000

Other taxation and social security
94,440
308,093

Other creditors
562,856
7,526

Accruals and deferred income
1,776,828
2,453,990

3,918,536
5,629,212


The bank loan is provided under the Coronavirus Business Interruption Scheme and therefore has no security. It is repayable over six years at an annual interest rate of 5%.

Page 25

 
A2O LIMITED
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

19.


Creditors: Amounts falling due after more than one year

2024
2023
£
£

Bank loans
57,010
106,896

57,010
106,896


The bank loan is provided under the Coronavirus Business Interruption Scheme and therefore has no security. It is repayable over six years at an annual interest rate of 5%.


20.


Loans


Analysis of the maturity of loans is given below:


2024
2023
£
£

Amounts falling due within one year

Bank loans
50,000
50,000

Amounts falling due 1-2 years

Bank loans
50,000
50,000

Amounts falling due 2-5 years

Bank loans
7,010
56,896


107,010
156,896



21.


Deferred taxation




2024


£






At beginning of year
22,000


Charged to profit or loss
(6,000)



At end of year
28,000

Page 26

 
A2O LIMITED
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
 
21.Deferred taxation (continued)

The provision for deferred taxation is made up as follows:

2024
2023
£
£


Accelerated capital allowances
28,000
22,000

28,000
22,000


22.


Pension commitments

The Company operates a defined contributions pension scheme. The assets of the scheme are held separately from those of the Company  in an independently administered fund. The pension cost charge represents contributions payable by the Company to the fund and amounted to £98,120 (2023 - £67,126). Contributions totalling £nil (2023 - £nil) were payable to the fund at the balance sheet date and are included in creditors.


23.


Commitments under operating leases

At 31 December 2024 the Company had future minimum lease payments due under non-cancellable operating leases for each of the following periods:

2024
2023
£
£


Not later than 1 year
-
4,500

-
4,500


24.


Related party transactions

During the year services amounting to £112,733 (2023: £191,512) were provided by A2O Site Services Limited, a company related by common directors and shareholders. In addition, sales of £97,411 (2023: £200,837) were made to that company. At the year end A2O Site Services Limited owed the company £56,739 (2023: £11,858).
During the year consultancy services were provided by Ferme du Bouche, a French company of which D Yardy is a Director. At the year end the Company owed £NIL (2023: £86,190) in respect of these services.
At the year end Mr D Vardy owed the Company £15,424 (2023: £62,130).
Key management personnel remuneration during the year amounted to £719,568 (2023: £1,316,099).

 
Page 27