Income tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax.
The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from profit as reported in the statement of comprehensive income because of items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and items that are never taxable or deductible. The company's liability for current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.
Deferred balances are recognised in respect of all timing differences that have originated but not reversed by the statement of financial position date, except:
• The recognition of deferred tax assets is limited to the extent that it is probable that they will be recovered against the reversal of deferred tax liabilities or other future taxable profits;
• Any deferred tax balances are reversed if and when all conditions for retaining associated tax allowances have been met; and
• Where timing differences relate to interests in subsidiaries, associates, branches and joint ventures and the group can control their reversal and such reversal is not considered probable in the foreseeable future.
Deferred tax balances are not recognised in respect of permanent differences except in respect of business combinations, when deferred tax is recognised on the differences between the fair values of assets acquired and the future tax deductions available for them and the differences between the fair values of liabilities acquired and the amount that will be assessed for tax.
Deferred income tax is determined using tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date.