Financial assets
Basic financial assets, including trade and other receivables, are initially recognised at transaction price, unless
the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the transaction is measured at the present value of the
future receipts discounted at a market rate of interest for a similar asset. Such assets are subsequently carried at
amortised cost using the effective interest method.
At the end of each reporting period financial assets measured at amortised cost are assessed for objective
evidence of impairment. If an asset is impaired the impairment loss is the difference between the carrying
amount and the present value of the estimated cash flows discounted at the asset's original effective interest rate.
The impairment loss and any subsequent reversal is recognised in the profit and loss.
Financial assets are derecognised when (a) the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire or are
settled. or (b) substantially all the risks and rewards of the ownership of the asset are transferred to another party
or (c) control of the asset has been transferred to another party who has the practical ability to unilaterally sell the
asset to an unrelated party without imposing additional restrictions.
Financial liabilities
Basic financial liabilities, including trade and other payables and bank loans, are initially recognised at
transaction price, unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the debt instrument is
measured at the present value of the future receipts discounted at a market rate of interest for a similar debt
instrument.
Debt instruments are subsequently carried at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method.
Financial liabilities are derecognised when the liability is extinguished, that is when the contractual obligation is
discharged, cancelled or expires.