| REGISTERED NUMBER: 06767291 (England and Wales) |
| GROUP STRATEGIC REPORT, |
| REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS AND |
| CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
| FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024 |
| FOR |
| DAVE COTTLE HOLDINGS LIMITED |
| REGISTERED NUMBER: 06767291 (England and Wales) |
| GROUP STRATEGIC REPORT, |
| REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS AND |
| CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
| FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024 |
| FOR |
| DAVE COTTLE HOLDINGS LIMITED |
| DAVE COTTLE HOLDINGS LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 06767291) |
| CONTENTS OF THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
| FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024 |
| Page |
| Company Information | 1 |
| Group Strategic Report | 2 |
| Report of the Directors | 4 |
| Report of the Independent Auditors | 5 |
| Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income | 7 |
| Consolidated Balance Sheet | 8 |
| Company Balance Sheet | 9 |
| Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity | 10 |
| Company Statement of Changes in Equity | 11 |
| Consolidated Cash Flow Statement | 12 |
| Notes to the Consolidated Cash Flow Statement | 13 |
| Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements | 14 |
| DAVE COTTLE HOLDINGS LIMITED |
| COMPANY INFORMATION |
| FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024 |
| DIRECTORS: |
| SECRETARY: |
| REGISTERED OFFICE: |
| REGISTERED NUMBER: |
| AUDITORS: |
| Chartered Accountants and |
| Statutory Auditors |
| 17 George Street |
| St Helens |
| Merseyside |
| WA10 1DB |
| DAVE COTTLE HOLDINGS LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 06767291) |
| GROUP STRATEGIC REPORT |
| FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024 |
| As a civil engineering contractor focusing on delivering high quality groundworks across North Wales and the North West of England. The group's core operations span 3 primary sectors:- |
| Major House Builders - Delivering infrastructure and groundwork packages for national and regional developers. |
| Commercial Works - Supporting industrial developments with tailored engineering services and local authority frameworks. |
| Housing Development - Undertaking our own in-house housing developments as well as private sector housing schemes. |
| Our reputation for reliability, technical excellence and quality has positioned us as a partner for many national housebuilders. |
| REVIEW OF BUSINESS |
| The Directors are pleased with the group's results for the year ended 31 December 2024. While turnover has remained consistent with the previous year, the business has retained and continued to work on key contracts with a focus on the day-to-day business processes which has been complimented by strategic investment in new technology and targeted staff training driving improvements throughout the business. |
| The group remains dedicated to maintaining its established operational footprint, continuing to pursue long-term tendered groundworks contracts that align with its core capabilities. A strong focus is placed on securing high-quality projects, supported by rigorous commercial risk management processes to ensure stability, value, and dependable delivery across all contracts. |
| Despite a challenging macroeconomic backdrop, the group delivered a resilient performance during the financial year. Key highlights include: |
| Revenue Growth |
| Turnover increased by £445,192 (3.9%) on the previous year to £11,778,089, driven by expanded contracts with clients and a new house building development. |
| Profitability |
| Gross profit margin increased to £2,805,309 (23.8% of turnover) from £2,095,527 (18.5% of turnover) in the previous year reflecting the more disciplined cost control measures taken by the group in the year. |
| Operating profit increased by £454,197 (50.8%) on the previous year to £1,347,623 as a result of both the increase in turnover and improvement in gross profit margin. |
| Cash Flow |
| The directors are pleased to report significant positive cash flows from operations, which have increased to £1,389,942 in the year to 31 December 2024 from £269,492 in the previous year. This positive cash flow has enabled the group to fully repay one of the significant housing development loans with bank loans being reduced by £1,345,170 in the year to 31 December 2024. |
| The positive cash generation has also supported investment in technology, and workforce development. |
| DAVE COTTLE HOLDINGS LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 06767291) |
| GROUP STRATEGIC REPORT |
| FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024 |
| PRINCIPAL RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES |
| Any risks faced by the group are managed by a combination of Policy, Procedures and Internal Controls. |
| Management review and assess risks daily to ensure a rapid and controlled response to mitigate any risks. The principal risks to the business include: |
| Competitor Risk |
| The level of competition within the market has increased with many similar companies looking to increase market share and volume of turnover. Our management team balance the competitiveness of the tender price against other factors such as technical difficulties of jobs along with quality. |
| Tender Pricing Risk |
| The complexity of a tender can be high and if all tender assumptions are not analysed and considered there may be additional costs and losses. |
| Regulatory Changes Risk |
| Evolving environmental and planning regulations. Mitigation strategies are in place, including long-term supplier agreements, flexible resourcing models, and proactive client engagement. |
| Economic Risk |
| The group's trading is to some degree linked to the performance of the UK economy especially within the housing market. To mitigate against such risks, management ensure there are a diverse range of core operations such as the commercial works and local authority contracts to reduce exposure. Any housing developments undertaken are phased according to the sales and market tolerance therefore mitigating the impact of a downturn in the housing market. As a group we also ensure there is a mix of open market housing and social housing. |
| ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD: |
| 19 September 2025 |
| DAVE COTTLE HOLDINGS LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 06767291) |
| REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS |
| FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024 |
| The directors present their report with the financial statements of the company and the group for the year ended 31 December 2024. |
| DIVIDENDS |
| The total distribution of dividends for the year ended 31 December 2024 will be £300,000. |
| DIRECTORS |
| The directors shown below have held office during the whole of the period from 1 January 2024 to the date of this report. |
| QUALIFYING THIRD PARTY INDEMNITY PROVISIONS |
| A qualifying third party indemnity provision as defined in section 234 of the Companies Act 2006, applicable to all of the company's directors was in place during the financial year and continues to be in force as at the date these financial statements were approved. |
| STATEMENT OF DIRECTORS' RESPONSIBILITIES |
| The directors are responsible for preparing the Group Strategic Report, the Report of the Directors and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations. |
| Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the directors have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (United Kingdom Accounting Standards and applicable law). Under company law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the company and the group and of the profit or loss of the group for that period. In preparing these financial statements, the directors are required to: |
| - | select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; |
| - | make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent; |
| - | prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the company will continue in business. |
| The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the company's and the group's transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the company and the group and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the company and the group and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities. |
| STATEMENT AS TO DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION TO AUDITORS |
| So far as the directors are aware, there is no relevant audit information (as defined by Section 418 of the Companies Act 2006) of which the group's auditors are unaware, and each director has taken all the steps that he ought to have taken as a director in order to make himself aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the group's auditors are aware of that information. |
| ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD: |
| REPORT OF THE INDEPENDENT AUDITORS TO THE MEMBERS OF |
| DAVE COTTLE HOLDINGS LIMITED |
| Opinion |
| We have audited the financial statements of Dave Cottle Holdings Limited (the 'parent company') and its subsidiaries (the 'group') for the year ended 31 December 2024 which comprise the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income, Consolidated Balance Sheet, Company Balance Sheet, Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity, Company Statement of Changes in Equity, Consolidated Cash Flow Statement and Notes to the Consolidated Cash Flow Statement, Notes to the Financial Statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including Financial Reporting Standard 102 'The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland' (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice). |
| In our opinion the financial statements: |
| - | give a true and fair view of the state of the group's and of the parent company affairs as at 31 December 2024 and of the group's profit for the year then ended; |
| - | have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and |
| - | have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006. |
| Basis for opinion |
| We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditors' responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the group in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC's Ethical Standard, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. |
| Conclusions relating to going concern |
| In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate. |
| Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the group's and the parent company's ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue. |
| Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report. |
| Other information |
| The directors are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information in the Group Strategic Report and the Report of the Directors, but does not include the financial statements and our Report of the Auditors thereon. |
| Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. |
| In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard. |
| Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006 |
| In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit: |
| - | the information given in the Group Strategic Report and the Report of the Directors for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and |
| - | the Group Strategic Report and the Report of the Directors have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements. |
| Matters on which we are required to report by exception |
| In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the group and the parent company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the Group Strategic Report or the Report of the Directors. |
| We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters where the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion: |
| - | adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or |
| - | the parent company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or |
| - | certain disclosures of directors' remuneration specified by law are not made; or |
| - | we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit. |
| REPORT OF THE INDEPENDENT AUDITORS TO THE MEMBERS OF |
| DAVE COTTLE HOLDINGS LIMITED |
| Responsibilities of directors |
| As explained more fully in the Statement of Directors' Responsibilities set out on page four, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. |
| In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the group's and the parent company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the group or the parent company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so. |
| Auditors' responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements |
| Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue a Report of the Auditors that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements. |
| Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud. The extent to which our procedures are planned and performed to detect irregularities, including fraud is detailed below. However, the primary responsibility for the prevention and detection of fraud rests with both those charged with governance of the entity and management. |
| Our approach was as follows: |
| - Discussions with management and those involved in the financial reporting process including consideration of known or suspected instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations central to the company's ability to operate, and fraud; |
| - Evaluation and testing of the operating effectiveness of management's controls designed to prevent and detect irregularities; |
| - Identifying and testing journal entries, in particular any journal entries posted with unusual account combinations or of significant monetary amount; and |
| -Review of the rationale for the calculation of key accounting estimates in the financial statements and testing of the accuracy of these calculations. |
| There are inherent limitations in the audit procedures described above. The further removed non-compliance with laws and regulations is from the events and transactions reflected in the financial statements, the less likely we would become aware of it. Also, the risk of not detecting a material misstatement due to fraud is higher than the risk of not detecting one resulting from error, as fraud may involve deliberate concealment by, for example, forgery or intentional misrepresentations, or through collusion. |
| A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial Reporting Council's website at www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our Report of the Auditors. |
| Other matters which we are required to address |
| In the previous accounting period the directors of the company took advantage of audit exemption under s477 of the Companies Act 2006. Therefore the prior period financial statements were not subject to audit. |
| Use of our report |
| This report is made solely to the company's members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company's members those matters we are required to state to them in a Report of the Auditors and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the company's members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed. |
| for and on behalf of |
| Chartered Accountants and |
| Statutory Auditors |
| 17 George Street |
| St Helens |
| Merseyside |
| WA10 1DB |
| DAVE COTTLE HOLDINGS LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 06767291) |
| CONSOLIDATED |
| STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE |
| INCOME |
| FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024 |
| 2024 | 2023 |
| Notes | £ | £ |
| TURNOVER | 3 | 11,778,089 | 11,332,897 |
| Cost of sales | (8,972,780 | ) | (9,237,370 | ) |
| GROSS PROFIT | 2,805,309 | 2,095,527 |
| Administrative expenses | (1,457,686 | ) | (1,202,101 | ) |
| OPERATING PROFIT | 5 | 1,347,623 | 893,426 |
| Interest receivable and similar income | 10,777 | 3,004 |
| 1,358,400 | 896,430 |
| Interest payable and similar expenses | 6 | (53,602 | ) | (39,075 | ) |
| PROFIT BEFORE TAXATION | 1,304,798 | 857,355 |
| Tax on profit | 7 | (335,055 | ) | (210,348 | ) |
| PROFIT FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR |
| DAVE COTTLE HOLDINGS LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 06767291) |
| CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET |
| 31 DECEMBER 2024 |
| 2024 | 2023 |
| Notes | £ | £ |
| FIXED ASSETS |
| Intangible assets | 10 | - | - |
| Tangible assets | 11 | 1,514,572 | 1,404,119 |
| Investments | 12 | - | - |
| 1,514,572 | 1,404,119 |
| CURRENT ASSETS |
| Stocks | 13 | 2,941,625 | 2,476,624 |
| Debtors | 14 | 1,716,057 | 1,300,788 |
| Cash at bank and in hand | 865,435 | 1,349,430 |
| 5,523,117 | 5,126,842 |
| CREDITORS |
| Amounts falling due within one year | 15 | (3,343,322 | ) | (1,743,722 | ) |
| NET CURRENT ASSETS | 2,179,795 | 3,383,120 |
| TOTAL ASSETS LESS CURRENT LIABILITIES |
3,694,367 |
4,787,239 |
| CREDITORS |
| Amounts falling due after more than one year | 16 | (247,875 | ) | (2,023,090 | ) |
| PROVISIONS FOR LIABILITIES | 20 | (361,650 | ) | (349,050 | ) |
| NET ASSETS | 3,084,842 | 2,415,099 |
| CAPITAL AND RESERVES |
| Called up share capital | 21 | 300 | 300 |
| Share premium | 22 | 599,700 | 599,700 |
| Retained earnings | 22 | 2,484,842 | 1,815,099 |
| SHAREHOLDERS' FUNDS | 3,084,842 | 2,415,099 |
| The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors and authorised for issue on 19 September 2025 and were signed on its behalf by: |
| Mr P W Cottle - Director |
| DAVE COTTLE HOLDINGS LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 06767291) |
| COMPANY BALANCE SHEET |
| 31 DECEMBER 2024 |
| 2024 | 2023 |
| Notes | £ | £ |
| FIXED ASSETS |
| Intangible assets | 10 |
| Tangible assets | 11 |
| Investments | 12 |
| CURRENT ASSETS |
| Debtors | 14 |
| Cash at bank |
| CREDITORS |
| Amounts falling due within one year | 15 | ( |
) | ( |
) |
| NET CURRENT ASSETS/(LIABILITIES) | ( |
) |
| TOTAL ASSETS LESS CURRENT LIABILITIES |
| CREDITORS |
| Amounts falling due after more than one year | 16 | ( |
) | ( |
) |
| PROVISIONS FOR LIABILITIES | 20 | ( |
) | ( |
) |
| NET ASSETS |
| CAPITAL AND RESERVES |
| Called up share capital | 21 |
| Share premium | 22 |
| Retained earnings | 22 |
| SHAREHOLDERS' FUNDS |
| Company's profit for the financial year | 685,389 | 579,552 |
| The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors and authorised for issue on |
| DAVE COTTLE HOLDINGS LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 06767291) |
| CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY |
| FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024 |
| Called up |
| share | Retained | Share | Total |
| capital | earnings | premium | equity |
| £ | £ | £ | £ |
| Balance at 1 January 2023 | 300 | 1,468,092 | 599,700 | 2,068,092 |
| Changes in equity |
| Dividends | - | (300,000 | ) | - | (300,000 | ) |
| Total comprehensive income | - | 647,007 | - | 647,007 |
| Balance at 31 December 2023 | 300 | 1,815,099 | 599,700 | 2,415,099 |
| Changes in equity |
| Dividends | - | (300,000 | ) | - | (300,000 | ) |
| Total comprehensive income | - | 969,743 | - | 969,743 |
| Balance at 31 December 2024 | 300 | 2,484,842 | 599,700 | 3,084,842 |
| DAVE COTTLE HOLDINGS LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 06767291) |
| COMPANY STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY |
| FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024 |
| Called up |
| share | Retained | Share | Total |
| capital | earnings | premium | equity |
| £ | £ | £ | £ |
| Balance at 1 January 2023 |
| Changes in equity |
| Dividends | - | ( |
) | - | ( |
) |
| Total comprehensive income | - | - |
| Balance at 31 December 2023 |
| Changes in equity |
| Dividends | - | ( |
) | - | ( |
) |
| Total comprehensive income | - | - |
| Balance at 31 December 2024 |
| DAVE COTTLE HOLDINGS LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 06767291) |
| CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOW STATEMENT |
| FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024 |
| 2024 | 2023 |
| Notes | £ | £ |
| Cash flows from operating activities |
| Cash generated from operations | 1 | 1,389,942 | 269,492 |
| Interest paid | (21,972 | ) | (14,094 | ) |
| Interest element of hire purchase payments paid | (31,630 | ) | (24,981 | ) |
| Tax paid | (152,101 | ) | (323,048 | ) |
| Net cash from operating activities | 1,184,239 | (92,631 | ) |
| Cash flows from investing activities |
| Purchase of tangible fixed assets | (306,013 | ) | (464,959 | ) |
| Sale of tangible fixed assets | 377,470 | 106,365 |
| Sale of fixed asset investments | - | 100 |
| Interest received | 10,777 | 3,004 |
| Net cash from investing activities | 82,234 | (355,490 | ) |
| Cash flows from financing activities |
| New loans in year | 576,645 | 1,313,171 |
| Loan repayments in year | (1,921,815 | ) | (20,251 | ) |
| Capital repayments in year | (337,884 | ) | (369,096 | ) |
| Amount introduced by directors | 580,000 | 300,000 |
| Amount withdrawn by directors | (347,414 | ) | (310,844 | ) |
| Equity dividends paid | (300,000 | ) | (300,000 | ) |
| Net cash from financing activities | (1,750,468 | ) | 612,980 |
| (Decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents | (483,995 | ) | 164,859 |
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year | 2 | 1,349,430 | 1,184,571 |
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of year | 2 | 865,435 | 1,349,430 |
| DAVE COTTLE HOLDINGS LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 06767291) |
| NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOW STATEMENT |
| FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024 |
| 1. | RECONCILIATION OF PROFIT BEFORE TAXATION TO CASH GENERATED FROM OPERATIONS |
| 2024 | 2023 |
| £ | £ |
| Profit before taxation | 1,304,798 | 857,355 |
| Depreciation charges | 406,330 | 414,501 |
| Profit on disposal of fixed assets | (92,310 | ) | (38,156 | ) |
| Finance costs | 53,602 | 39,075 |
| Finance income | (10,777 | ) | (3,004 | ) |
| 1,661,643 | 1,269,771 |
| Increase in stocks | (465,001 | ) | (1,085,682 | ) |
| Increase in trade and other debtors | (408,193 | ) | (421,391 | ) |
| Increase in trade and other creditors | 601,493 | 506,794 |
| Cash generated from operations | 1,389,942 | 269,492 |
| 2. | CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS |
| The amounts disclosed on the Cash Flow Statement in respect of cash and cash equivalents are in respect of these Balance Sheet amounts: |
| Year ended 31 December 2024 |
| 31/12/24 | 1/1/24 |
| £ | £ |
| Cash and cash equivalents | 865,435 | 1,349,430 |
| Year ended 31 December 2023 |
| 31/12/23 | 1/1/23 |
| £ | £ |
| Cash and cash equivalents | 1,349,430 | 1,184,571 |
| 3. | ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN NET DEBT |
| Other |
| non-cash |
| At 1/1/24 | Cash flow | changes | At 31/12/24 |
| £ | £ | £ | £ |
| Net cash |
| Cash at bank |
| and in hand | 1,349,430 | (483,995 | ) | 865,435 |
| 1,349,430 | (483,995 | ) | 865,435 |
| Debt |
| Finance leases | (361,417 | ) | 337,884 | (495,930 | ) | (519,463 | ) |
| Debts falling due |
| within 1 year | (20,000 | ) | (500,400 | ) | - | (520,400 | ) |
| Debts falling due |
| after 1 year | (1,864,988 | ) | 1,845,570 | - | (19,418 | ) |
| (2,246,405 | ) | 1,683,054 | (495,930 | ) | (1,059,281 | ) |
| Total | (896,975 | ) | 1,199,059 | (495,930 | ) | (193,846 | ) |
| DAVE COTTLE HOLDINGS LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 06767291) |
| NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
| FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024 |
| 1. | STATUTORY INFORMATION |
| Dave Cottle Holdings Limited is a |
| 2. | ACCOUNTING POLICIES |
| Basis of preparing the financial statements |
| The significant accounting policies applied in the preparation of these financial statements are set out below. These policies have been consistently applied to all years presented unless otherwise stated. |
| Basis of consolidation |
| The consolidated financial statements incorporate the financial statements of the company and entities controlled by the group (its subsidiaries). Control is achieved where the group has the power to govern the financial and operating policies of an entity so as to obtain benefits from its activities. |
| The results of any subsidiaries acquired or disposed of during the year are included in total comprehensive income from the effective date of acquisition and up to the effective date of disposal, as appropriate using accounting policies consistent with those of the parent. All intra-group transactions, balances, income and expenses are eliminated in full on consolidation. |
| Investments in subsidiaries are accounted for at cost less impairment in the individual financial statements. On consolidation, any excess of the cost of the acquisition over the group's interest in the net fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities is recognised as goodwill. |
| Related party exemption |
| The company has taken advantage of exemption, under the terms of Financial Reporting Standard 102 'The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland', not to disclose related party transactions with wholly owned subsidiaries within the group. |
| Transactions between group entities which have been eliminated on consolidation are not disclosed within the financial statements. |
| DAVE COTTLE HOLDINGS LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 06767291) |
| NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued |
| FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024 |
| 2. | ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued |
| Significant judgements and estimates |
| In the application of the company's accounting policies as set out below, management is required to make judgements, estimates and assumptions about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and underlying assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates. |
| The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods. |
| Management consider that the following have the most significant effect on the amounts recognised in the financial statements: |
| Financial outcome of individual contracts |
| All long term contracts are reviewed on a monthly basis, with particular attention to contract stage of completion, costs to date and costs still to be incurred. Movement in margin is recognised when prudent to do so but immediately in the event there is a foreseeable loss. |
| Carrying value of stock and work in progress and cost of sales recognition |
| The company carries stock and work in progress at the lower of cost and selling price less costs to complete and sell. Cost of sales in respect of residential property development is recognised at a site standard cost and any one-off costs are expensed to cost of sales as incurred. The standard cost is based on detailed budgets for the site with the allocation of budgeted costs to individual units. Due to the nature of property development, the standard cost is affected by a variety of uncertainties including material and labour price fluctuations, delays and unforeseen build issues. The level of judgement required is increased during periods of volatility. |
| Useful economic lives of tangible fixed assets |
| The annual depreciation charge for tangible fixed assets is sensitive to changes in the estimated useful economic lives of the assets. These are amended when necessary to reflect current estimates based on technological advancement, future investment, economic utilisation and the physical condition of the assets. See note 11 for the carrying amount of the tangible fixed assets and the accounting policies for the depreciation rates for each class of assets. |
| Turnover |
| Turnover is wholly in respect of construction contracts and is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable net of VAT and discounts. |
| Where the outcome of a civil engineering contract can be estimated reliably, turnover is recognised on the work carried out in the period. Amounts recoverable on these contracts are included within trade debtors. Payments on account in respect of contracts are included within creditors. When it is probable that the contract costs will exceed the total contract turnover, the expected loss is recognised as an expense immediately, with a corresponding provision. |
| Turnover is recognised in respect of the sale of residential housing net of cash incentives. This is recognised on the transfer of control to the customer on legal completion. Property reservation fees are reflected within creditors until legal completion. |
| Intangible assets |
| Intangible assets are initially measured at cost. After initial recognition, intangible assets are measured at cost less any accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses. |
| Tangible fixed assets |
| Improvements to property | - |
| Plant and machinery | - |
| Fixtures and fittings | - |
| Motor vehicles | - |
| Computer equipment | - |
| DAVE COTTLE HOLDINGS LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 06767291) |
| NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued |
| FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024 |
| 2. | ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued |
| Stocks |
| Stock and work in progress is stated at the lower of cost and estimated selling price less costs to sell. |
| Stock is comprised entirely of raw materials. |
| Work in progress comprises land and associated acquisition costs, direct materials, subcontract work, and other direct costs that have been incurred in bringing sites to their current condition. |
| Taxation |
| Current tax represents the amount of tax payable or receivable in respect of the taxable profit (or loss) for the current or past reporting periods. It is measured at the amount expected to be paid or recovered using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date. |
| Deferred tax represents the future tax consequences of transactions and events recognised in the financial statements of current and previous periods. It is recognised in respect of all timing differences, with certain exceptions. Timing differences are differences between taxable profits and total comprehensive income as stated in the financial statements that arise from the inclusion of income and expense in tax assessments in periods different from those in which they are recognised in the financial statements. Unrelieved tax losses and other deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that they will be recovered against the reversal of deferred tax liabilities or other future taxable profits. |
| Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date that are expected to apply to the reversal of timing differences. |
| Hire purchase and leasing commitments |
| Rentals payable under operating leases are charged against profits on a straight line basis over the periods of the leases. Assets acquired under finance leases and hire purchase contracts car capitalised as tangible fixed assets and depreciated on accordance with the accounting policy on depreciation. The related obligations, net of finance costs allocated to future periods, are included within creditors. Finance costs are charged against profits on a straight line basis over the periods of the contracts. |
| Employee benefits |
| When employees have rendered services to the company, short-term employee benefits to which the employees are entitled are recognised at the undiscounted amount expected to be paid in exchange for that service. |
| The company operates a defined contribution plan for the benefit of its employees. Contributions are expensed as they become payable. |
| Debtors and creditors receivable / payable within one year |
| Debtors and creditors with no stated interest rate and receivable or payable within one year are recorded at transition price. Any losses arising from impairment are recognised in the profit and loss account in other administrative expenses. |
| Related parties |
| For the purposes of these financial statements, a party is considered to be related to the company if: |
| 1. the party has the ability, directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, to control the company or exercise significant influence over the company in making financial and operating decisions, or has joint control over the company; |
| 2. the company and the party are subject to common control; |
| 3. the party is an associate of the company or a joint venture in which the company is a venturer; |
| 4. the party is a member of key management personnel of the company or the company's parent, or close family member of such an individual, or is an entity under the control, joint control or significant influence of such individuals; |
| 5. the party is a close family member of a party referred to in (1) or is an entity under the control, joint control or significant influence of such individuals; or |
| 6. the party is a post-employment benefit plan which is for the benefit of employees of the company or of any entity that is a related party of the company. |
| Close family members of an individual are those family members who may be expected to influence, or be influenced by, that individual in their dealings with the entity. |
| DAVE COTTLE HOLDINGS LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 06767291) |
| NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued |
| FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024 |
| 3. | TURNOVER |
| The turnover and profit before taxation are attributable to the principal activities of the group. |
| An analysis of turnover by class of business is given below: |
| 2024 | 2023 |
| £ | £ |
| Civil engineering contracts | 9,007,873 | 11,332,897 |
| Sale of residential housing | 2,770,216 | - |
| 11,778,089 | 11,332,897 |
| 4. | EMPLOYEES AND DIRECTORS |
| 2024 | 2023 |
| £ | £ |
| Wages and salaries | 1,814,643 | 1,861,854 |
| Social security costs | 172,626 | 175,189 |
| Other pension costs | 387,392 | 187,949 |
| 2,374,661 | 2,224,992 |
| The average number of employees during the year was as follows: |
| 2024 | 2023 |
| Direct site | 40 | 39 |
| Management and administration | 11 | 10 |
| 2024 | 2023 |
| £ | £ |
| Directors' remuneration | 18,192 | 18,192 |
| Directors' pension contributions to money purchase schemes | 260,000 | 100,000 |
| The number of directors to whom retirement benefits were accruing was as follows: |
| Money purchase schemes | 2 | 2 |
| 5. | OPERATING PROFIT |
| The operating profit is stated after charging/(crediting): |
| 2024 | 2023 |
| £ | £ |
| Other operating leases | 76,001 | 59,506 |
| Depreciation - owned assets | 255,708 | 221,080 |
| Depreciation - assets on hire purchase contracts | 150,622 | 193,420 |
| Profit on disposal of fixed assets | (92,310 | ) | (38,156 | ) |
| Auditor's remuneration - Audit of parent company and consolidated accounts | 5,750 | - |
| Auditor's remuneration - Audit of subsidiary companies accounts | 14,250 | - |
| DAVE COTTLE HOLDINGS LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 06767291) |
| NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued |
| FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024 |
| 6. | INTEREST PAYABLE AND SIMILAR EXPENSES |
| 2024 | 2023 |
| £ | £ |
| Bank loan interest | 1,287 | 1,747 |
| Other loan interest | 20,685 | 12,347 |
| Hire purchase interest | 31,630 | 24,981 |
| 53,602 | 39,075 |
| 7. | TAXATION |
| Analysis of the tax charge |
| The tax charge on the profit for the year was as follows: |
| 2024 | 2023 |
| £ | £ |
| Current tax: |
| UK corporation tax | 322,455 | 165,025 |
| Prior periods | - | 23 |
| Total current tax | 322,455 | 165,048 |
| Deferred tax | 12,600 | 45,300 |
| Tax on profit | 335,055 | 210,348 |
| Reconciliation of total tax charge included in profit and loss |
| The tax assessed for the year is higher than the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK. The difference is explained below: |
| 2024 | 2023 |
| £ | £ |
| Profit before tax | 1,304,798 | 857,355 |
| Profit multiplied by the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK of 25 % (2023 - 25 %) |
326,200 |
214,339 |
| Effects of: |
| Expenses not deductible for tax purposes | 8,808 | 7,293 |
| Capital allowances in excess of depreciation | (12,553 | ) | (46,227 | ) |
| Adjustments to tax charge in respect of previous periods | - | 23 |
| Changes in tax rates | - | (10,380 | ) |
| Movement in deferred tax | 12,600 | 45,300 |
| Total tax charge | 335,055 | 210,348 |
| 8. | INDIVIDUAL STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME |
| As permitted by Section 408 of the Companies Act 2006, the Income Statement of the parent company is not presented as part of these financial statements. |
| 9. | DIVIDENDS |
| 2024 | 2023 |
| £ | £ |
| Ordinary shares of £1 each |
| Dividends paid | 300,000 | 300,000 |
| DAVE COTTLE HOLDINGS LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 06767291) |
| NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued |
| FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024 |
| 10. | INTANGIBLE FIXED ASSETS |
| Group |
| Goodwill |
| £ |
| COST |
| At 1 January 2024 |
| and 31 December 2024 | 173,115 |
| AMORTISATION |
| At 1 January 2024 |
| and 31 December 2024 | 173,115 |
| NET BOOK VALUE |
| At 31 December 2024 | - |
| At 31 December 2023 | - |
| 11. | TANGIBLE FIXED ASSETS |
| Group |
| Improvements | Fixtures |
| to | Plant and | and |
| property | machinery | fittings |
| £ | £ | £ |
| COST |
| At 1 January 2024 | 19,558 | 1,873,199 | 37,383 |
| Additions | - | 607,851 | - |
| Disposals | - | (732,930 | ) | - |
| At 31 December 2024 | 19,558 | 1,748,120 | 37,383 |
| DEPRECIATION |
| At 1 January 2024 | 1,059 | 910,392 | 28,654 |
| Charge for year | 978 | 279,457 | 1,314 |
| Eliminated on disposal | - | (447,770 | ) | - |
| At 31 December 2024 | 2,037 | 742,079 | 29,968 |
| NET BOOK VALUE |
| At 31 December 2024 | 17,521 | 1,006,041 | 7,415 |
| At 31 December 2023 | 18,499 | 962,807 | 8,729 |
| DAVE COTTLE HOLDINGS LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 06767291) |
| NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued |
| FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024 |
| 11. | TANGIBLE FIXED ASSETS - continued |
| Group |
| Motor | Computer |
| vehicles | equipment | Totals |
| £ | £ | £ |
| COST |
| At 1 January 2024 | 674,890 | 46,470 | 2,651,500 |
| Additions | 194,092 | - | 801,943 |
| Disposals | - | - | (732,930 | ) |
| At 31 December 2024 | 868,982 | 46,470 | 2,720,513 |
| DEPRECIATION |
| At 1 January 2024 | 272,051 | 35,225 | 1,247,381 |
| Charge for year | 118,296 | 6,285 | 406,330 |
| Eliminated on disposal | - | - | (447,770 | ) |
| At 31 December 2024 | 390,347 | 41,510 | 1,205,941 |
| NET BOOK VALUE |
| At 31 December 2024 | 478,635 | 4,960 | 1,514,572 |
| At 31 December 2023 | 402,839 | 11,245 | 1,404,119 |
| Included within the cost of tangible fixed assets are assets held under hire purchase contracts amounting to £1,006,599 (2023 - £1,026,744). Accumulated depreciation on these assets amounts to £309,434 (2023 - £404,345). |
| Company |
| Fixtures |
| Plant and | and | Motor |
| machinery | fittings | vehicles | Totals |
| £ | £ | £ | £ |
| COST |
| At 1 January 2024 |
| Additions |
| Disposals | ( |
) | ( |
) |
| At 31 December 2024 |
| DEPRECIATION |
| At 1 January 2024 |
| Charge for year |
| Eliminated on disposal | ( |
) | ( |
) |
| At 31 December 2024 |
| NET BOOK VALUE |
| At 31 December 2024 |
| At 31 December 2023 |
| Included within the cost of tangible fixed assets are assets held under hire purchase contracts amounting to £1,006,599 (2023 - £1,026,744). Accumulated depreciation on these assets amounts to £309,434 (2023 - £404,345). |
| DAVE COTTLE HOLDINGS LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 06767291) |
| NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued |
| FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024 |
| 12. | FIXED ASSET INVESTMENTS |
| Company |
| Shares in |
| group |
| undertakings |
| £ |
| COST |
| At 1 January 2024 |
| and 31 December 2024 |
| NET BOOK VALUE |
| At 31 December 2024 |
| At 31 December 2023 |
| The group or the company's investments at the Balance Sheet date in the share capital of companies include the following: |
| Subsidiaries |
| Registered office: Civils House Davy Way, Llay Industrial Estate, Llay, Wrexham, LL12 0PG |
| Nature of business: |
| % |
| Class of shares: | holding |
| 2024 | 2023 |
| £ | £ |
| Aggregate capital and reserves |
| Profit for the year |
| Registered office: Civils House Davy Way, Llay Industrial Estate, Llay, Wrexham, United Kingdom, LL12 0PG |
| Nature of business: |
| % |
| Class of shares: | holding |
| 2024 | 2023 |
| £ | £ |
| Aggregate capital and reserves |
| Dave Cottle Homes (Llanrhaeadr) Ltd |
| Registered office: Civils House, Davy Way, Llay Industrial Estate, Llay, Wrexham, United Kingdom, LL12 0PG |
| Nature of business: Residential property development |
| % |
| Class of shares: | holding |
| Ordinary | 100.00 |
| 2024 | 2023 |
| £ | £ |
| Aggregate capital and reserves | 121,928 | (88,574 | ) |
| Profit/(loss) for the year | 210,502 | (1,660 | ) |
| DAVE COTTLE HOLDINGS LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 06767291) |
| NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued |
| FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024 |
| 13. | STOCKS |
| Group |
| 2024 | 2023 |
| £ | £ |
| Stock | 49,676 | 115,537 |
| Work in progress | 2,891,949 | 2,361,087 |
| 2,941,625 | 2,476,624 |
| 14. | DEBTORS: AMOUNTS FALLING DUE WITHIN ONE YEAR |
| Group | Company |
| 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 |
| £ | £ | £ | £ |
| Trade debtors | 1,035,445 | 1,233,764 |
| Other debtors | 617,947 | 2,134 |
| Amounts due from group companies | - | - |
| Corporation tax | 7,076 | - |
| VAT | 48,694 | 55,046 |
| Prepayments and accrued income | 6,895 | 9,844 |
| 1,716,057 | 1,300,788 |
| 15. | CREDITORS: AMOUNTS FALLING DUE WITHIN ONE YEAR |
| Group | Company |
| 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 |
| £ | £ | £ | £ |
| Bank loans and overdrafts (see note 17) | 20,400 | 20,000 |
| Other loans (see note 17) | 500,000 | - |
| Hire purchase contracts (see note 18) | 291,006 | 203,315 |
| Payments on account | 1,001,307 | - |
| Trade creditors | 747,242 | 1,085,344 |
| Corporation tax | 242,455 | 65,025 |
| Social security and other taxes | 68,824 | 159,667 |
| Other creditors | 10,632 | 10,607 |
| Amounts due to group companies | - | - |
| Directors' current accounts | 395,300 | 162,714 |
| Accrued expenses | 66,156 | 37,050 |
| 3,343,322 | 1,743,722 |
| 16. | CREDITORS: AMOUNTS FALLING DUE AFTER MORE THAN ONE YEAR |
| Group | Company |
| 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 |
| £ | £ | £ | £ |
| Bank loans (see note 17) | 19,418 | 1,364,988 |
| Other loans (see note 17) | - | 500,000 |
| Hire purchase contracts (see note 18) | 228,457 | 158,102 |
| 247,875 | 2,023,090 |
| DAVE COTTLE HOLDINGS LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 06767291) |
| NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued |
| FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024 |
| 17. | LOANS |
| An analysis of the maturity of loans is given below: |
| Group | Company |
| 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 |
| £ | £ | £ | £ |
| Amounts falling due within one year or on | demand: |
| Bank loans | 20,400 | 20,000 |
| Other loan | 500,000 | - |
| 520,400 | 20,000 |
| Amounts falling due between one and two years: |
| Bank loans | 19,418 | 1,364,988 |
| Other loan | - | 500,000 | - |
| 19,418 | 1,864,988 |
| 18. | LEASING AGREEMENTS |
| Minimum lease payments fall due as follows: |
| Group |
| Hire purchase |
| contracts |
| 2024 | 2023 |
| £ | £ |
| Net obligations repayable: |
| Within one year | 291,006 | 203,315 |
| Between one and five years | 228,457 | 158,102 |
| 519,463 | 361,417 |
| Company |
| Hire purchase |
| contracts |
| 2024 | 2023 |
| £ | £ |
| Net obligations repayable: |
| Within one year |
| Between one and five years |
| Group |
| Non-cancellable |
| operating leases |
| 2024 | 2023 |
| £ | £ |
| Within one year | 44,373 | 37,852 |
| Between one and five years | 27,275 | 57,128 |
| 71,648 | 94,980 |
| DAVE COTTLE HOLDINGS LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 06767291) |
| NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued |
| FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024 |
| 19. | SECURED DEBTS |
| The following secured debts are included within creditors: |
| Group | Company |
| 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 |
| £ | £ | £ | £ |
| Bank loans | 39,818 | 1,384,988 |
| Hire purchase contracts | 519,463 | 361,417 | 519,463 | 361,417 |
| 559,281 | 1,746,405 |
| The bank loans are secured by a fixed and floating charge over the assets of the group and a first legal charge over the land at Pentre, Llanrhaeadr. |
| The hire purchase contracts are secured against the assets to which they relate. |
| 20. | PROVISIONS FOR LIABILITIES |
| Group | Company |
| 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 |
| £ | £ | £ | £ |
| Deferred tax | 361,650 | 349,050 | 355,650 | 341,300 |
| Group |
| Deferred |
| tax |
| £ |
| Balance at 1 January 2024 | 349,050 |
| Movement in the year | 12,600 |
| Balance at 31 December 2024 | 361,650 |
| Company |
| Deferred |
| tax |
| £ |
| Balance at 1 January 2024 |
| Movement in the year | 14,350 |
| Balance at 31 December 2024 |
| Deferred tax is wholly in respect of accelerated capital allowances. |
| 21. | CALLED UP SHARE CAPITAL |
| Allotted, issued and fully paid: |
| Number: | Class: | Nominal | 2024 | 2023 |
| value: | £ | £ |
| Ordinary | £1 | 300 | 300 |
| DAVE COTTLE HOLDINGS LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 06767291) |
| NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued |
| FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024 |
| 22. | RESERVES |
| Group |
| Retained | Share |
| earnings | premium | Totals |
| £ | £ | £ |
| At 1 January 2024 | 1,815,099 | 599,700 | 2,414,799 |
| Profit for the year | 969,743 | - | 969,743 |
| Dividends | (300,000 | ) | - | (300,000 | ) |
| At 31 December 2024 | 2,484,842 | 599,700 | 3,084,542 |
| Company |
| Retained | Share |
| earnings | premium | Totals |
| £ | £ | £ |
| At 1 January 2024 | 1,350,846 |
| Profit for the year | - |
| Dividends | ( |
) | - | ( |
) |
| At 31 December 2024 | 1,736,235 |
| 23. | PENSION COMMITMENTS |
| The group operates defined contribution schemes for the benefit of its directors and employees. The total cost for the year amounted to £387,392 (2023 - £187,949). |
| 24. | RELATED PARTY DISCLOSURES |
| During the year the group paid interest on loans from the directors amounting to £20,685 (2023 - £12,347). Normal commercial terms applied. |
| Also during the year, the group paid dividends amounting to £300,000 (2023 - £300,000) to the directors and their families. |
| During the year, a total of key management personnel compensation of £ 136,116 (2023 - £ 133,933 ) was paid. |