The directors present their annual report and financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2024.

The principal activity of the company continued to be that of a road haulier and the provision of warehousing activities.

The results for the year are set out on page 10.

No ordinary dividends were paid. The directors do not recommend payment of a final dividend.

The directors who held office during the year and up to the date of signature of the financial statements were as follows:

Mrs DC Hodgson retires by rotation and being eligible, offers herself and is recommended for re-election.

Included within the financial statements are long leasehold properties that have a combined market value of £741,000 (2023: £680,000) (Book value: £605,000)

The company is committed in maintaining its close relationship with its core customer base. This together with its current efficiency programme will allow the company to improve performance for the foreseeable future.

In accordance with the company's articles, a resolution proposing that BK Plus Audit Limited be reappointed as auditor of the company will be put at a General Meeting.

So far as each person who was a director at the date of approving this report is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the company’s auditor is unaware. Additionally, the directors individually have taken all the necessary steps that they ought to have taken as directors in order to make themselves aware of all relevant audit information and to establish that the company’s auditor is aware of that information.

This report has been prepared in accordance with the provisions applicable to companies entitled to the medium-sized companies exemption.

The directors present the strategic report for the year ended 31 December 2024, this strategic report forms just part of the annual report and accounts.

As for many companies of our size, the business environment in which we operate continues to be challenging. With these risks and uncertainties in mind we are aware that any plans for the future development of the business may be subject to unforeseen events outside of our control. However we will continue to show flexibility and respond to market opportunities as they arise. Management also reviews these risks and appropriate processes are put in place to monitor and mitigate them.

The key business risks affecting the company are set out below.

• Higher costs of business

The high and volatile nature of fuel prices adds to the difficulties and hauliers must also contend with increases in the cost of purchasing vehicles

• Driver shortages

With 55% of current HGV drivers aged 50 to 65, there's significant concern about the future supply of drivers

• Poor infrastructure

The poor condition of UK roads and an abundance of potholes, especially in rural areas, all contribute to greater wear and tear, and higher maintenance costs for operators.

• Significant environmental investment

Investments can be substantial, potentially with limited short-term returns, but firms who don't make the required investment risk fines and reputational damage.

• Investing in digital/AI capabilities

In order to stay relevant in a fiercely competitive market, hauliers need to continually invest in their digital and AI capabilities – or risk losing business

Credit and Liquidity Risk

Credit Risk

The company's activities expose it to a number of financial risks including price risk, credit risk, cash flow and liquidity risk. the use of financial derivatives is governed by the company's policies approved by the board of directors, which provide written policies on the use of financial derivatives to manage these risks. The company does not use financial derivative instruments for speculative purposes.

The company's principal financial assets are its fixed assets, trade and other debtors, the company's credit risk is primarily attributable to its trade debtors.

The amounts presented in the Statement of Financial Position are net of allowances for doubtful debts. an allowance for impairment is made where there is an identified loss event which,based on previous experience, is evidence of a reduction in recoverability of the cash flow. The credit risk on liquid funds is limited because of the extensive customer database and a close working relationship with key accounts. The company has a day to day overdraft to meet any working capital requirements.

Liquidity Risk

In order to maintain liquidity to ensure that sufficient funds are available for on-going operations and future developments, the company primarily uses its bank overdraft facility and asset hire purchase facilities.

The company's forecasts and projections. taking account of reasonably possible changes in trading performance, show that the company should be able to operate with its current working capital and overdraft facilities which have recently been renewed.

Financial performance during the year

Turnover has increased in the current year which the directors consider to be a satisfactory performance in the present circumstances.

While turnover has increased, the company has suffered from an increase in its cost of sales from higher staff and equipment hire costs. As stated in previous years Strategic Reports, the company had identified areas of concern and had taken steps to remedy the situation, The results of these changes, are now beginning to be felt and will hopefully continued to be reflected in the 2025performance.

The company is satisfied with the improving financial performance. It is hoped that a full year of the new strategy will return the company to a profitable position.

The average cost of fuel during 2024 as lower than 2023with fuel costs as a percentage of turnover decreasing by 2%to 24.3% compared to 26.3%

All areas of the company's operations continued to be reviewed during the year and for any problem areas identified, steps have been taken to improve these areas of concern.

Financial performance at the reporting date

Since the year end the company has seen monthly profitability steadily rise to give a pleasing result across the half year to June 2025.

In common with all UK haulage firms the company is facing recruitment difficulties with HGV drivers due to the national shortage of qualified candidates. The company, with help from its customers have taken steps to make the financial package it offers its staff more attractive which the company hopes will elevate the issue.

Steps have been taken to reduce the company's costs as much as possible, the company continues to invest in its fleet to improve fuel costs. However it is still uncertain how long the high level of fuel prices will continue.

The company closely monitors a number of Key Performance Indicators (KPI's) on a monthly basis and considers the following as key.

Gross Profit percentage 11.6% (2023: 10.9%)

Direct labour to turnover 21.6% (2023: 22.0%)

Fuel costs to turnover 24.3% (2023: 26.3%)

Future Developments

The company has continued its policy of becoming more cost efficient by replacing its older vehicles with newer more fuel efficient vehicles. The impact of this strategy started to be felt in the second half of 2022 and is now providing strong growth on the bottom line.

Competition

The competition consists of numerous companies operating in the same sector both at a local and national level. there is always a threat of losing customers, primarily om price, however by providing a customer focused quality service and offering our customers a managed haulage/despatch solution where appropriate, we feel the company can differentiate its service from other suppliers which helps retain and win new business. The company continues to retain a number of key prestigious national accounts and is a member of a distribution network which allows pricing anywhere in the UK.

By order of the board

The directors are responsible for preparing the annual report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.

Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the directors have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (United Kingdom Accounting Standards and applicable law). Under company law, the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the company and of the profit or loss of the company for that period.

In preparing these financial statements, the directors are required to:

• select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;

• make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent; and

• prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the company will continue in business.

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the company’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the company and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

We have audited the financial statements of Ramage Transport Ltd (the 'company') for the year ended 31 December 2024 which comprise the profit and loss account, the statement of comprehensive income, the balance sheet, the statement of changes in equity, the statement of cash flows and notes to the financial statements, including significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including Financial Reporting Standard 102 The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).

In our opinion the financial statements:

• give a true and fair view of the state of the company's affairs as at 31 December 2024 and of its profit for the year then ended;

• have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and

• have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.

Basis for opinion

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

Conclusions relating to going concern

In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate.

Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the company's ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue.

Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report.

Other information

The other information comprises the information included in the annual report other than the financial statements and our auditor's report thereon. The directors are responsible for the other information contained within the annual report. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact.

We have nothing to report in this regard.

Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of our audit:

• the information given in the strategic report and the directors' report for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and

• the strategic report and the directors' report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.

In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the strategic report or the directors' report.

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:

• adequate accounting records have not been kept, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or

• the financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or

• certain disclosures of directors' remuneration specified by law are not made; or

• we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.

As explained more fully in the directors' responsibilities statement, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor's report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.

Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud. The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud, is detailed below.

From the preliminary stages of the audit, we ensure our understanding of the entity is up to date. This includes, but is not limited to, current knowledge of their activities, the business and control environments, and their compliance with the applicable legal and regulatory frameworks. This information supports our risk identification and the subsequent design of audit procedures to mitigate those risks; ensuring that the audit evidence obtained is sufficient and appropriate to support our opinion.

In response to the risks identified, specific to this entity, we designed procedures which included, but were not limited to:

• Enquiry of management and those charged with governance around actual and potential litigation and claims;

• Reviewing minutes of meetings of those charged with governance; where available;

• Reviewing financial statement disclosures and testing to supporting documentation to assess compliance with applicable laws and regulations;

• Auditing the risk of management override of controls, including through testing journal entries and other adjustments for appropriateness, and evaluating the business rationale for significant transactions outside the normal course of business.

A further description of our responsibilities is available on the Financial Reporting Council’s website at: https://www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our auditor's report.

Use of our report

This report is made solely to the company's members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company's members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor's report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the company's members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.

The profit and loss account has been prepared on the basis that all operations are continuing operations.

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the provisions relating to medium-sized companies.

Ramage Transport Ltd is a private company limited by shares incorporated in England and Wales. The registered office is New York Way, Shiremoor, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE27 0QE.

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with FRS 102 “The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland” (“FRS 102”) and the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.

The financial statements are prepared in sterling, which is the functional currency of the company. Monetary amounts in these financial statements are rounded to the nearest £.

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention, modified to include the revaluation of long leasehold properties investment properties. The principal accounting policies adopted are set out below.

Atruet the time of approving the financial statements, the directors have a reasonable expectation that the company has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. Thus the directors continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting in preparing the financial statements.

Turnover is recognised at the fair value of the consideration received for services provided in the normal course of business, and is shown net of VAT and other sales related taxes. The fair value of consideration takes into account trade discounts, settlement discounts and volume rebates.

When cash inflows are deferred and represent a financing arrangement, the fair value of the consideration is the present value of the future receipts. The difference between the fair value of the consideration and the nominal amount received is recognised as interest income.

The company recognises revenue from the following major sources:

• Transport

• Warehousing

The nature, timing of satisfaction of performance obligations and significant payment terms of the company's major sources of revenue are as follows:

Intangible assets acquired separately from a business are recognised at cost and are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses.

Upon adoption of FRS 102 the company revalued its Cherished Number Plates and continues to carry them at revalued amounts.

The company has purchased a number of "Cherished Number Plates", an illiquid market exists to buy and sell these cherished registrations which the company reviews for any impairment or drop in value. The company continues to carry the value at the revalued amounts on adoption of FRS 102 rather than cost.

Amortisation is recognised so as to write off the cost or valuation of assets less their residual values over their useful lives on the following bases:

No amortisation with annual impairment reviews.

Tangible fixed assets are initially measured at cost and subsequently measured at cost or valuation, net of depreciation and any impairment losses.

Depreciation is recognised so as to write off the cost or valuation of assets less their residual values over their useful lives on the following bases:

The gain or loss arising on the disposal of an asset is determined as the difference between the sale proceeds and the carrying value of the asset, and is credited or charged to profit or loss.

Investment property, which is property held to earn rentals and/or for capital appreciation, is initially recognised at cost, which includes the purchase cost and any directly attributable expenditure. Subsequently it is measured at fair value at the reporting end date. Changes in fair value are recognised in profit or loss.

At each reporting period end date, the company reviews the carrying amounts of its tangible and intangible assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). Where it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs.

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.

If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash-generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation decrease.

Recognised impairment losses are reversed if, and only if, the reasons for the impairment loss have ceased to apply. Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset (or cash-generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the reversal of the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation increase.

Stocks are stated at the lower of cost and estimated selling price less costs to complete and sell. Stocks represent the value of fuels for own use within the business.

At each reporting date, an assessment is made for impairment. Any excess of the carrying amount of stocks over its estimated selling price less costs to complete and sell is recognised as an impairment loss in profit or loss. Reversals of impairment losses are also recognised in profit or loss.

Cash and cash equivalents are basic financial assets and include cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks. Bank overdrafts are shown within borrowings in current liabilities.

The company has elected to apply the provisions of Section 11 ‘Basic Financial Instruments’ and Section 12 ‘Other Financial Instruments Issues’ of FRS 102 to all of its financial instruments.

Financial instruments are recognised in the company's balance sheet when the company becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

Financial assets and liabilities are offset, with the net amounts presented in the financial statements, when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Basic financial assets, which include debtors and cash and bank balances, are initially measured at transaction price including transaction costs and are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest method unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the transaction is measured at the present value of the future receipts discounted at a market rate of interest. Financial assets classified as receivable within one year are not amortised.

Other financial assets, including investments in equity instruments which are not subsidiaries, associates or joint ventures, are initially measured at fair value, which is normally the transaction price. Such assets are subsequently carried at fair value and the changes in fair value are recognised in profit or loss, except that investments in equity instruments that are not publicly traded and whose fair values cannot be measured reliably are measured at cost less impairment.

Financial assets, other than those held at fair value through profit and loss, are assessed for indicators of impairment at each reporting end date.

Financial assets are impaired where there is objective evidence that, as a result of one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the financial asset, the estimated future cash flows have been affected. If an asset is impaired, the impairment loss is the difference between the carrying amount and the present value of the estimated cash flows discounted at the asset’s original effective interest rate. The impairment loss is recognised in profit or loss.

If there is a decrease in the impairment loss arising from an event occurring after the impairment was recognised, the impairment is reversed. The reversal is such that the current carrying amount does not exceed what the carrying amount would have been, had the impairment not previously been recognised. The impairment reversal is recognised in profit or loss.

Financial assets are derecognised only when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire or are settled, or when the company transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to another entity, or if some significant risks and rewards of ownership are retained but control of the asset has transferred to another party that is able to sell the asset in its entirety to an unrelated third party.

Financial liabilities and equity instruments are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into. An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the company after deducting all of its liabilities.

Basic financial liabilities, including creditors, bank loans are initially recognised at transaction price unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the debt instrument is measured at the present value of the future payments discounted at a market rate of interest. Financial liabilities classified as payable within one year are not amortised.

Debt instruments are subsequently carried at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method.

Trade creditors are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business from suppliers. Amounts payable are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less. If not, they are presented as non-current liabilities. Trade creditors are recognised initially at transaction price and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

Debt instruments that do not meet the conditions in FRS 102 paragraph 11.9 are subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss. Debt instruments may be designated as being measured at fair value through profit or loss to eliminate or reduce an accounting mismatch or if the instruments are measured and their performance evaluated on a fair value basis in accordance with a documented risk management or investment strategy.

Financial liabilities are derecognised when the company’s contractual obligations expire or are discharged or cancelled.

Equity instruments issued by the company are recorded at the proceeds received, net of transaction costs. Dividends payable on equity instruments are recognised as liabilities once they are no longer at the discretion of the company.

The costs of short-term employee benefits are recognised as a liability and an expense, unless those costs are required to be recognised as part of the cost of stock or fixed assets.

The cost of any unused holiday entitlement is recognised in the period in which the employee’s services are received.

Termination benefits are recognised immediately as an expense when the company is demonstrably committed to terminate the employment of an employee or to provide termination benefits.

Payments to defined contribution retirement benefit schemes are charged as an expense as they fall due.

Leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessees. All other leases are classified as operating leases.

Assets held under finance leases are recognised as assets at the lower of the assets fair value at the date of inception and the present value of the minimum lease payments. The related liability is included in the balance sheet as a finance lease obligation. Lease payments are treated as consisting of capital and interest elements. The interest is charged to profit or loss so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability.

Rental income from operating leases is recognised on a straight line basis over the term of the relevant lease. Initial direct costs incurred in negotiating and arranging an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognised on a straight line basis over the lease term.

In the application of the company’s accounting policies, the directors are required to make judgements, estimates and assumptions about the carrying amount of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised where the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods where the revision affects both current and future periods.

All turnover originates within the UK.

The average monthly number of persons (including directors) employed by the company during the year was:

Their aggregate remuneration comprised:

The actual charge for the year can be reconciled to the expected charge for the year based on the profit or loss and the standard rate of tax as follows:

Intangible fixed assets are reviewed for impairment annually.

The net carrying value of tangible fixed assets includes the following in respect of assets held under finance leases or hire purchase contracts.

Land and buildings with a carrying amount of £605,000 were revalued at 18 November 2019 by Lambert Smith Hampton, independent valuers not connected with the company on the basis of market value. The valuation conforms to International Valuation Standards and was based on recent market transactions on arm's length terms for similar properties.

The directors have undertaken a review of this valuation for the year ended 31 December 2024 and by reference to market evidence of transaction prices for similar properties believe this still to be applicable.

Leasehold land and buildings with a carrying amount of £605,000 (2023 - £605,000) have been used to secure the borrowing facilities of the company.

The carrying value of land and buildings comprises:

Security

The bank overdraft and bank facilities, including an invoice discounting facility which, at the year ended 31 December 2024 has a liability outstanding of £652,868 (2023: £524,946), are secured by way of fixed and floating charges over the assets of the company, held with Barclays Bank Plc.

Included in other loans are amounts of £345,899 (2023: £345,576) advanced from the Ramage SSAS Pension Scheme, these loans are secured by way of a chattels charge.

Terms

Bank overdraft facilities are repayable on demand.

Loans from the Ramage SSAS pension scheme consist of three loans all with an original term of five years, interest is charged at 1.5%/1.75%. During the year the company benefitted from a loan repayment holiday with interest remaining accruing on the overdue balance.

Finance lease payments represent rentals payable by the company for certain items of plant and machinery. Leases include purchase options at the end of the lease period, and no restrictions are placed on the use of the assets. The average lease term is 5 years. All leases are on a fixed repayment basis and no arrangements have been entered into for contingent rental payments.

Obligations under finance leases are secured on the assets to which the finance relates.

The company operates a defined contribution pension scheme for all qualifying employees. The assets of the scheme are held separately from those of the company in an independently administered fund.

The non distributable profit relates to the gain generated on revaluation of the investment properties, that is not yet realised.

Interest free loans, which are repayable on demand, have been granted by the company to its directors as follows:

Ramage Family Trust

In order to support the company, with agreement provided by the trustees, the Ramage Family Trust has continued to provide the commercial property rent free to the company for the period ended 30 June 2023, the cost of which would usually be £200,000 per annum.

At 31 December 2024 an amount of £169,469 (2023: £96,745) was due from the Ramage Family Trust.

At 31 December 2024 an amount of £14,277 (2023: £14,277) was due to the Ramage Family Trust.

Ramage Self Administered Pension Scheme

During the year the company continued to take advantage of pension scheme loan repayment holidays.

Transactions and balances for the year were:-

Loans due to related party £345,899 (2023: £345,576) with interest charged at commercial rates.

Mrs D Hodgson

During the year the director continues to benefit from rent free living accommodation, the taxable benefit assessed was as follows:-

Taxable Benefit £3,526 (2023: £2,745)