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Registered number: 12384054










MICO HOLDING LTD










ANNUAL REPORT AND GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

 
MICO HOLDING LTD
 
 
COMPANY INFORMATION


Directors
R Clucas (resigned 1 August 2024)
C F Marfleet (resigned 30 May 2025)
C H Marfleet (resigned 30 May 2025)
A J Marcer (appointed 20 February 2024)
M A Taylor (appointed 2 May 2024)




Registered number
12384054



Registered office
Suite 24
40 Churchill Square
Kings Hill

West Malling

ME19 4YU




Independent auditor
MHA

Victoria Court

17-21 Ashford Road

Maidstone

United Kingdom

ME14 5DA





 
MICO HOLDING LTD
 

CONTENTS



Page
Group strategic report
 
 
1 - 3
Directors' report
 
 
4 - 5
Independent auditor's report
 
 
6 - 9
Consolidated statement of comprehensive income
 
 
10
Consolidated balance sheet
 
 
11 - 12
Company balance sheet
 
 
13
Consolidated statement of changes in equity
 
 
14
Company statement of changes in equity
 
 
15
Consolidated statement of cash flows
 
 
16 - 17
Consolidated analysis of net debt
 
 
18
Notes to the financial statements
 
 
19 - 43


 
MICO HOLDING LTD
 
 
GROUP STRATEGIC REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

Introduction
 
The directors are pleased to present their report and the financial statements of the Group for the year ended 31 December 2024.

Business model & strategy
 
MICO Holding Ltd is the parent company of the ERA Group, a global consultancy specialising in cost optimisation, supply chain transformation, and business insight services. Through its subsidiaries and international franchise network, MICO provides strategic direction, governance, and other financial benefits.
The Group operates an outcome-based consultancy model, meaning clients only pay if financial benefits are achieved. This approach aligns ERA’s goals with those of its clients, ensuring value delivery and long-term partnerships.
Strategic priorities
During 2024 ERA Groups management focused on transitioning the business into the next phase of its growth, recruiting a new CEO, CFO and securing investment for the future from Horizon Capital. 
Operationally ERA Group continued to strengthen its franchisee recruitment and expand into new territories whilst supporting the growth of its franchisees.
Following the investment from Horizon in May 2025 ERA Group plans to increase the earning potential of its Franchisees by:
 
Investing in a Digital Transformation Project scaling operations through digital tools, data analytics and AI

Rolling out an enhanced digital client-facing platform 

Continue to strengthen consultant recruitment and training

Expand into new markets via strategic acquisitions

Investment & capital structure
In May 2025, ERA secured investment from Horizon Capital to accelerate its growth strategy. This capital supports organic expansion and selective acquisitions.
Market overview
ERA Group operates within a growing demand environment driven by inflation, cost pressures, and supply chain challenges. Its franchise network, comprising over 1,000 consultants in more than 60 countries, positions it to meet these challenges across multiple sectors.
 
Page 1

 
MICO HOLDING LTD
 

GROUP STRATEGIC REPORT (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

Business review
As franchisor ERA Group specialises in the sale of franchises (Business Development) and the support on the franchise networks (Professional Services) of over 800 franchise partners operating in over 60 countries worldwide.
ERA Group franchisees use intellectual property and methodology to help clients make operating cost savings and provide insights in their businesses. The benefits identified and delivered by a franchisee are shared between the client and the franchisee, generally for a period of 2-3 years. The franchisee will then pay a management fee to ERA based on their receipts from clients.
In 2024, ERA Group continued its strategic expansion including securing a majority investment from Horizon Capital in May 2025.
2024 Revenue of £17.2m grew 3%, primarily from the continued growth in Royalties generated from Professional Services. The recurring and repeating revenues provides ERA Group with a strong platform for continued growth supporting franchise business units whilst expanding the global network in new and developed territories. 

Principal risks and uncertainties
 
ERA has historically demonstrated that it can operate successfully regardless of the economic climate. During a recession there is increased demand from clients for expertise to help businesses recover and improve profitability. The largest uncertainty to franchise sales operations are periods of low unemployment as this reduces the availability of new candidates.
The scale, diversity and specialist knowledge of the network combined with the outcome-based remuneration model makes ERA Group unique in a competitive market.
As the Group operates in numerous jurisdictions, there is risk of exchange rate fluctuations. The Group mitigates this risk by holding most of its liquid assets in the main trading currencies, GBP, USD and EUR. Debt drawn down following the investment from Horizon has been matched to the primary currencies of the group’s income.
Credit risk is managed through the Group's debt management policy ensuring appropriate credit terms and protections within the Franchise Agreements.

Financial key performance indicators (KPIs)
 
The key indicators used to measure performance are:
 

2024
 
2023
Franchises Business Units:
795
733
Global Franchisee Net Receipts: 
£82m
£72m

As Franchisor ERA Group’s performance is driven by the sustainable growth of the franchise network through the signing of new and retention of existing franchise business units. The number of projects delivered, and the client savings drives the Global Franchisee Net Receipts of which ERA Group collects its revenue via royalties.

Page 2

 
MICO HOLDING LTD
 

GROUP STRATEGIC REPORT (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

Stakeholder engagement
 
MICO is committed to engaging its key stakeholders:

Clients: value-based, measurable outcomes
Franchisees: training, digital tools, global network
Employees: collaborative culture, development opportunities
Investors: transparent communication and strategic returns


This report was approved by the board and signed on its behalf.



A J Marcer
Director

Date: 25 September 2025

Page 3

 
MICO HOLDING LTD
 
 
 
DIRECTORS' REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

The directors present their report and the financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2024.

Directors' responsibilities statement

The directors are responsible for preparing the Group strategic report, the Directors' report and the consolidated financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.
 
Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the directors have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice), including Financial Reporting Standard 102 ‘The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland'. Under company law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Company and the Group and of the profit or loss of the Group for that period.

 In preparing these financial statements, the directors are required to:


select suitable accounting policies for the Group's financial statements and then apply them consistently;

make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent;

prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the Group will continue in business.

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the Company's transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Company and the Group and to enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Company and the Group and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

Results and dividends

The profit for the year, after taxation and minority interests, amounted to £1,664,342 (2023 - £3,896,420).

There were no dividends declared or paid in the year (2023 - £Nil). 

Directors

The directors who served during the year were:

R Clucas (resigned 1 August 2024)
C F Marfleet (resigned 30 May 2025)
C H Marfleet (resigned 30 May 2025)
A J Marcer (appointed 20 February 2024)
M A Taylor (appointed 2 May 2024)

Principal activities

MICO Holding Ltd serves as the parent company of the ERA Group an international consultancy network. Its principal activity is providing strategic, financial, and governance oversight to its operating subsidiaries.  
ERA Group is a global leader in cost optimisation, supply chain consulting, and data-driven insights, delivered through a scalable network of franchise partners. 

Page 4

 
MICO HOLDING LTD
 
 
 
DIRECTORS' REPORT (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

Greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption and energy efficiency action

The company falls outside the scope of the requirements of Part 7A of Schedule 7 of the Large and Medium sized Companies and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2008 and accordingly has not included disclosures concerning greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption, and energy efficiency action.

Matters covered in the Group strategic report

Certain items required under Schedule 7 to be disclosed in the Directors' Report are set out in the Strategic Report in accordance with S.414C(II) of the Companies Act 2006; these being the Group's principal risks and uncertainties.

Disclosure of information to auditor

Each of the persons who are directors at the time when this Directors' report is approved has confirmed that:
 
so far as the director is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the Company and the Group's auditor is unaware, and

the director has taken all the steps that ought to have been taken as a director in order to be aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the Company and the Group's auditor is aware of that information.

Post balance sheet events

On 30th May 2025 Horizon Capital completed a majority investment along with existing management to acquire 100% share capital in MICO Holding and its subsidiaries via UK Pluto Bidco Ltd. 
Corresponding with the transaction ERA Group reacquired the direct Franchisor ownership of the DACH and Spanish territories.

Auditor

The auditor, MHA, previously traded through the legal entity MacIntyre Hudson LLP. In response to regulatory changes, MacIntyre Hudson LLP ceased to hold an audit registration with the engagement transitioning to MHA Audit Services LLP.
MHA will be proposed for reappointment in accordance with section 485 of the Companies Act 2006. 

This report was approved by the board and signed on its behalf.
 





A J Marcer
Director

Date: 25 September 2025

Page 5

 
MICO HOLDING LTD
 
 
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF MICO HOLDING LTD
 

Opinion


We have audited the financial statements of MICO Holding Ltd (the 'parent Company') and its subsidiaries (the 'Group') for the year ended 31 December 2024, which comprise the Consolidated statement of comprehensive income, the Consolidated balance sheet, the Company balance sheet, the Consolidated statement of cash flows, the Consolidated statement of changes in equity, the Company statement of changes in equity and the related notes, including a summary of significant accounting policiesThe financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including Financial Reporting Standard 102 ‘The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland' (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).


In our opinion the financial statements:


give a true and fair view of the state of the Group's and of the parent Company's affairs as at 31 December 2024 and of the Group's profit for the year then ended;
have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and
have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.


Basis for opinion


We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the Group in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the United Kingdom, including the Financial Reporting Council's Ethical Standard and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.


Conclusions relating to going concern


In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate.


Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the Group's or the parent Company's ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue.


Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report.


Page 6

 
MICO HOLDING LTD
 
 
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF MICO HOLDING LTD (CONTINUED)


Other information


The other information comprises the information included in the Annual Report other than the financial statements and our Auditor's report thereon. The directors are responsible for the other information contained within the Annual ReportOur opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact.


We have nothing to report in this regard.


Opinion on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006
 

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit:


the information given in the Group strategic report and the Directors' report for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and
the Group strategic report and the Directors' report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.


Matters on which we are required to report by exception
 

In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the Group and the parent Company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the Group strategic report or the Directors' report.


We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:


adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent Company, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or
the parent Company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or
certain disclosures of directors' remuneration specified by law are not made; or
we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.


Page 7

 
MICO HOLDING LTD
 
 
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF MICO HOLDING LTD (CONTINUED)


Responsibilities of directors
 

As explained more fully in the Directors' responsibilities statement set out on page 4, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.


In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the Group's and the parent Company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the Group or the parent Company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.


Auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements
 

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an Auditor's report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these Group financial statements.


Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud. The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below:

enquiry of management around actual and potential litigation claims;
enquiry of entity staff to identify any instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations; 
performing audit work over the risk of management override of controls, including testing of journal entries and other adjustments for appropriateness, evaluating the business rationale of significant transactions outside the normal course of business and reviewing accounting estimates for bias; 
reviewing minutes of meetings of those charged with governance; and
reviewing financial statement disclosures and testing to supporting documentation to assess compliance with applicable laws and regulation.

Because of the inherent limitations of an audit, there is a risk that we will not detect all irregularities, including those leading to a material misstatement in the financial statements or non-compliance with regulation. This risk increases the more that compliance with a law or regulation is removed from the events and transactions reflected in the financial statements, as we will be less likely to become aware of instances of non-compliance. The risk is also greater regarding irregularities occurring due to fraud rather than error, as fraud involves intentional concealment, forgery, collusion, omission or misrepresentation.


A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial Reporting Council's website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our Auditor's report.


Page 8

 
MICO HOLDING LTD
 
 
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF MICO HOLDING LTD (CONTINUED)


Use of our report
 

This report is made solely to the Company's members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the Company's members those matters we are required to state to them in an Auditor's report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the Company and the Company's members, as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.





Duncan Cochrane-Dyet BSc BFP FCA (Senior Statutory Auditor)
for and on behalf of
MHA
Statutory Auditor
Maidstone
United Kingdom

26 September 2025
MHA is the trading name of MHA Audit Services LLP, a limited liability partnership in England and Wales (registered number OC455542)
Page 9

 
MICO HOLDING LTD
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

As restated
2024
2023
Note
£
£

  

Turnover
 4 
17,243,333
16,753,575

Cost of sales
  
(4,019,889)
(4,539,234)

Gross profit
  
13,223,444
12,214,341

Administrative expenses
  
(10,469,507)
(7,180,034)

Operating profit
  
2,753,937
5,034,307

Interest receivable and similar income
 8 
2,317
(35,404)

Interest payable and similar expenses
 9 
(41,253)
(33,675)

Profit before taxation
  
2,715,001
4,965,228

Tax on profit
 10 
(1,052,331)
(1,065,008)

Profit for the financial year
  
1,662,670
3,900,220

  

Other comprehensive income - foreign exchange (loss)/gains
  
181,312
(401,453)

Total comprehensive income for the year
  
1,843,982
3,498,767

Profit for the year attributable to:
  

Non-controlling interests
  
(1,672)
3,800

Owners of the parent Company
  
1,664,342
3,896,420

  
1,662,670
3,900,220

There were no recognised gains and losses for 2024 or 2023 other than those included in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income.

The notes on pages 19 to 43 form part of these financial statements.

Page 10

 
MICO HOLDING LTD
REGISTERED NUMBER: 12384054

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2024

As restated
2024
2023
Note
£
£

Fixed assets
  

Intangible assets
 11 
8,189,982
8,643,373

Tangible assets
 12 
40,488
26,314

  
8,230,470
8,669,687

Current assets
  

Debtors: amounts falling due within one year
 14 
9,463,233
8,583,380

Cash at bank and in hand
 15 
7,897,710
6,106,136

  
17,360,943
14,689,516

Creditors: amounts falling due within one year
 16 
(11,178,446)
(10,747,824)

Net current assets
  
 
 
6,182,497
 
 
3,941,692

Total assets less current liabilities
  
14,412,967
12,611,379

Creditors: amounts falling due after more than one year
 17 
(61,977)
(277,494)

Provisions for liabilities
  

Deferred taxation
 19 
(203,474)
(46,101)

  
 
 
(203,474)
 
 
(46,101)

Net assets
  
14,147,516
12,287,784


Capital and reserves
  

Called up share capital 
 20 
100
100

Share premium account
 21 
15,750
-

Foreign exchange reserve
 21 
(26,673)
(207,985)

Profit and loss account
 21 
14,134,601
12,470,259

Non-controlling interests
  
23,738
25,410

  
14,147,516
12,287,784


Page 11

 
MICO HOLDING LTD
REGISTERED NUMBER: 12384054
    
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET (CONTINUED)
AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2024

The financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the board and were signed on its behalf by: 




A J Marcer
Director

Date: 25 September 2025

The notes on pages 19 to 43 form part of these financial statements.

Page 12

 
MICO HOLDING LTD
REGISTERED NUMBER: 12384054

COMPANY BALANCE SHEET
AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2024

As restated
2024
2023
Note
£
£

Fixed assets
  

Intangible assets
 11 
927,849
927,849

Investments
 13 
400
400

  
928,249
928,249

Current assets
  

Debtors: amounts falling due within one year
 14 
1,907,257
1,891,066

Cash at bank and in hand
 15 
31,869
-

  
1,939,126
1,891,066

Creditors: amounts falling due within one year
 16 
(1,111,178)
(1,306,104)

Net current assets
  
 
 
827,948
 
 
584,962

Total assets less current liabilities
  
1,756,197
1,513,211

  

  

Net assets
  
1,756,197
1,513,211


Capital and reserves
  

Called up share capital 
 20 
100
100

Share premium account
 21 
15,750
-

Profit and loss account brought forward
  
1,513,111
877,184

Profit for the year
  
227,236
635,927

Profit and loss account carried forward
  
1,740,347
1,513,111

  
1,756,197
1,513,211


The financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the board and were signed on its behalf by: 


A J Marcer
Director

Date: 25 September 2025

The notes on pages 19 to 43 form part of these financial statements.

Page 13
 

 
MICO HOLDING LTD


 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024



Called up share capital
Share premium account
Foreign exchange reserve (as restated)
Profit and loss account (as restated)
Non-controlling interests (as restated)
Total equity


£
£
£
£
£
£



At 1 January 2023
100
-
193,468
8,573,839
21,610
8,789,017



Comprehensive income for the year


Profit for the year
-
-
-
3,896,420
3,800
3,900,220


Foreign exchange gains
-
-
(401,453)
-
-
(401,453)





At 1 January 2024
100
-
(207,985)
12,470,259
25,410
12,287,784



Comprehensive income for the year


Profit for the year
-
-
-
1,664,342
(1,672)
1,662,670


Foreign exchange loss
-
-
181,312
-
-
181,312


Shares issued during the year
-
15,750
-
-
-
15,750



At 31 December 2024
100
15,750
(26,673)
14,134,601
23,738
14,147,516



The notes on pages 19 to 43 form part of these financial statements.

Page 14
 
MICO HOLDING LTD
 

COMPANY STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024


Called up share capital
Share premium account
Profit and loss account (as restated)
Total equity

£
£
£
£


At 1 January 2023
100
-
877,184
877,284


Comprehensive income for the year

Profit for the year
-
-
635,927
635,927



At 1 January 2024
100
-
1,513,111
1,513,211


Comprehensive income for the year

Profit for the year
-
-
227,236
227,236

Shares issued during the year
-
15,750
-
15,750


At 31 December 2024
100
15,750
1,740,347
1,756,197


The notes on pages 19 to 43 form part of these financial statements.

Page 15

 
MICO HOLDING LTD
 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

As restated
2024
2023
£
£

Cash flows from operating activities

Profit for the financial year
1,662,670
3,900,220

Adjustments for:

Amortisation of intangible assets
286,655
262,304

Depreciation of tangible assets
14,459
14,949

Impairments of intangible assets
556,174
-

Loss on disposal of tangible assets
2,184
1,645

Interest paid
41,253
33,675

Interest received
(2,317)
35,404

Corporation tax charge
1,052,331
1,065,008

Decrease/(increase) in debtors
523,811
(1,158,211)

Increase in creditors
394,571
722,770

(Decrease)/increase in amounts owed to parent undertaking
(572,027)
(3,938,508)

Corporation tax (paid)
(1,670,035)
(317,890)

Net cash generated from operating activities

2,289,729
621,366


Cash flows from investing activities

Purchase of intangible fixed assets
(263,562)
(699,478)

Purchase of tangible fixed assets
(30,404)
(12,509)

Interest received
2,317
(35,404)

Net cash from investing activities

(291,649)
(747,391)
Page 16

 
MICO HOLDING LTD
 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

As restated

2024
2023

£
£



Cash flows from financing activities

Issue of ordinary shares
15,750
-

Repayment of loans
(181,003)
(58,689)

Interest paid
(41,253)
(33,675)

Net cash used in financing activities
(206,506)
(92,364)

Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
1,791,574
(218,389)

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
6,106,136
6,324,525

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of year
7,897,710
6,106,136


Cash and cash equivalents at the end of year comprise:

Cash at bank and in hand
7,897,710
6,106,136

7,897,710
6,106,136


The notes on pages 19 to 43 form part of these financial statements.

Page 17

 
MICO HOLDING LTD
 

CONSOLIDATED ANALYSIS OF NET DEBT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024




At 1 January 2024
Cash flows
At 31 December 2024
£

£

£

Cash at bank and in hand

6,106,136

1,791,574

7,897,710

Debt due after 1 year

(140,354)

140,354

-

Debt due within 1 year

(40,649)

40,649

-


5,925,133
1,972,577
7,897,710

The notes on pages 19 to 43 form part of these financial statements.

Page 18

 
MICO HOLDING LTD
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

1.


General information

MICO Holding Ltd is a private company limited by shares incorporated in England and Wales in the United Kingdom. The address of the registered office is Suite 24 40 Churchill Square, Kings Hill, West Malling, England, ME19 4YU. 

2.Accounting policies

 
2.1

Basis of preparation of financial statements

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention unless otherwise specified within these accounting policies and in accordance with Financial Reporting Standard 102, the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and the Republic of Ireland and the Companies Act 2006.

The preparation of financial statements in compliance with FRS 102 requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires Group management to exercise judgement in applying the Group's accounting policies (see note 3).

The Company has taken advantage of the exemption allowed under section 408 of the Companies Act 2006 and has not presented its own Statement of comprehensive income in these financial statements.

The following principal accounting policies have been applied:

 
2.2

Basis of consolidation

The consolidated financial statements present the results of the Company and its own subsidiaries ("the Group") as if they form a single entity. Intercompany transactions and balances between group companies are therefore eliminated in full.
The consolidated financial statements incorporate the results of business combinations using the purchase method. In the Balance sheet, the acquiree's identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities are initially recognised at their fair values at the acquisition date. The results of acquired operations are included in the Consolidated statement of comprehensive income from the date on which control is obtained. They are deconsolidated from the date control ceases.
In accordance with the transitional exemption available in FRS 102, the Group has chosen not to retrospectively apply the standard to business combinations that occurred before the date of transition to FRS 102.

 
2.3

Going concern

The directors have assessed that there are no material uncertainties with respect to the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. As a result, the financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis. 

Page 19

 
MICO HOLDING LTD
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

2.Accounting policies (continued)

 
2.4

Foreign currency translation

Functional and presentation currency

The Company's functional and presentational currency is GBP, and is rounded to the nearest £1.

Transactions and balances

Foreign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency using the spot exchange rates at the dates of the transactions.

At each period end foreign currency monetary items are translated using the closing rate. Non-monetary items measured at historical cost are translated using the exchange rate at the date of the transaction and non-monetary items measured at fair value are measured using the exchange rate when fair value was determined.

Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of transactions and from the translation at period-end exchange rates of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognised in profit or loss except when deferred in other comprehensive income as qualifying cash flow hedges.

Foreign exchange gains and losses that relate to borrowings and cash and cash equivalents are presented in the Consolidated statement of comprehensive income within 'finance income or costs'. All other foreign exchange gains and losses are presented in profit or loss within 'other operating income'.

On consolidation, the results of overseas operations are translated into Sterling at rates approximating to those ruling when the transactions took place. All assets and liabilities of overseas operations are translated at the rate ruling at the reporting date. Exchange differences arising on translating the opening net assets at opening rate and the results of overseas operations at actual rate are recognised in other comprehensive income.

Page 20

 
MICO HOLDING LTD
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

2.Accounting policies (continued)

 
2.5

Revenue

Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Group and the revenue can be reliably measured. Revenue is measured as the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, excluding discounts, rebates, value added tax and other sales taxes. The following criteria must also be met before revenue is recognised:

Rendering of services

Revenue from a contract to provide services is recognised in the period in which the services are provided in accordance with the stage of completion of the contract when all of the following conditions are satisfied:
the amount of revenue can be measured reliably;
it is probable that the Group will receive the consideration due under the contract;
the stage of completion of the contract at the end of the reporting period can be measured reliably; and
the costs incurred and the costs to complete the contract can be measured reliably.

Initial licence fees are paid upon award by the Group of an Area Development licence to an Area Developer (master franchisee), and are recognised in full on the basis that they are non-refundable and all performance obligations due by the Group have been satisfied at that point. Royalties for subsequent franchise sales are recognised when notified via monthly returns to the Group by the relevant Area Developer. 

 
2.6

Operating leases: the Group as lessee

Rentals paid under operating leases are charged to profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Benefits received and receivable as an incentive to sign an operating lease are recognised on a straight-line basis over the lease term, unless another systematic basis is representative of the time pattern of the lessee's benefit from the use of the leased asset.

 
2.7

Interest income

Interest income is recognised in profit or loss using the effective interest method.

 
2.8

Finance costs

Finance costs are charged to profit or loss over the term of the debt using the effective interest method so that the amount charged is at a constant rate on the carrying amount. Issue costs are initially recognised as a reduction in the proceeds of the associated capital instrument.

 
2.9

Borrowing costs

All borrowing costs are recognised in profit or loss in the year in which they are incurred.

Page 21

 
MICO HOLDING LTD
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

2.Accounting policies (continued)

 
2.10

Current and deferred taxation

The tax expense for the year comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in profit or loss except that a charge attributable to an item of income and expense recognised as other comprehensive income or to an item recognised directly in equity is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively.

The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date in the countries where the Company and the Group operate and generate income.

Deferred tax balances are recognised in respect of all timing differences that have originated but not reversed by the balance sheet date, except that:
The recognition of deferred tax assets is limited to the extent that it is probable that they will be recovered against the reversal of deferred tax liabilities or other future taxable profits;
Any deferred tax balances are reversed if and when all conditions for retaining associated tax allowances have been met; and
Where they relate to timing differences in respect of interests in subsidiaries, associates, branches and joint ventures and the Group can control the reversal of the timing differences and such reversal is not considered probable in the foreseeable future.

Deferred tax balances are not recognised in respect of permanent differences except in respect of business combinations, when deferred tax is recognised on the differences between the fair values of assets acquired and the future tax deductions available for them and the differences between the fair values of liabilities acquired and the amount that will be assessed for tax. Deferred tax is determined using tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date.

Page 22

 
MICO HOLDING LTD
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

2.Accounting policies (continued)

 
2.11

Intangible assets

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the difference between amounts paid on the cost of a business combination and the acquirer’s interest in the fair value of the Group's share of its identifiable assets and liabilities of the acquiree at the date of acquisition. Subsequent to initial recognition, goodwill is measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. Goodwill is amortised on a straight-line basis to the Consolidated statement of comprehensive income over its useful economic life of ten years.

Other intangible assets

Software is initially recognised at cost. After recognition, under the cost model, software intangible assets are measured at cost less any accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses. 
Licenses are initially recognised at cost. After recognition, under the revaluation model, licences are carried at a revalued amount, being its fair value at the date of revaluation less any subsequent accumulated amortisation and subsequent impairment losses - provided that the fair value can be determined by reference to an active market.
Revaluations are made with sufficient regularity to ensure that the carrying amount does not differ materially from that which would be determined using fair value at the end of the balance sheet date.

Software assets are considered to have a finite useful life. If a reliable estimate of the useful life cannot be made, the useful life shall not exceed ten years.

 The estimated useful lives range as follows:

Software
-
10
years

 
2.12

Tangible fixed assets

Tangible fixed assets under the cost model are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses. Historical cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management.

Page 23

 
MICO HOLDING LTD
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

2.Accounting policies (continued)


2.12
Tangible fixed assets (continued)

Depreciation is charged so as to allocate the cost of assets less their residual value over their estimated useful lives, using the straight-line method.

Depreciation is provided on the following basis:

Long-term leasehold property
-
4 years
Fixtures and fittings
-
5 years
Office equipment
-
3 years
Computer equipment
-
3 years
Other fixed assets
-
3-5 years

The assets' residual values, useful lives and depreciation methods are reviewed, and adjusted prospectively if appropriate, or if there is an indication of a significant change since the last reporting date.

Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing the proceeds with the carrying amount and are recognised in profit or loss.

 
2.13

Impairment of fixed assets and goodwill

Assets that are subject to depreciation or amortisation are assessed at each balance sheet date to determine whether there is any indication that the assets are impaired. Where there is any indication that an asset may be impaired, the carrying value of the asset (or cash-generating unit to which the asset has been allocated) is tested for impairment. An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the asset's carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset's (or CGU's) fair value less costs to sell and value in use. For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are separately identifiable cash flows (CGUs). Non-financial assets that have been previously impaired are reviewed at each balance sheet date to assess whether there is any indication that the impairment losses recognised in prior periods may no longer exist or may have decreased.

 
2.14

Valuation of investments

Investments in subsidiaries are measured at cost less accumulated impairment.

 
2.15

Debtors

Short-term debtors are measured at transaction price, less any impairment. Loans receivable are measured initially at fair value, net of transaction costs, and are measured subsequently at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment.

 
2.16

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash is represented by cash in hand and deposits with financial institutions repayable without penalty on notice of not more than 24 hours. Cash equivalents are highly liquid investments that mature in no more than three months from the date of acquisition and that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash with insignificant risk of change in value.

In the Consolidated statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents are shown net of bank overdrafts that are repayable on demand and form an integral part of the Group's cash management.

Page 24

 
MICO HOLDING LTD
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

2.Accounting policies (continued)

 
2.17

Creditors

Short-term creditors are measured at the transaction price. Other financial liabilities, including bank loans, are measured initially at fair value, net of transaction costs, and are measured subsequently at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

 
2.18

Provisions for liabilities

Provisions are recognised when an event has taken place that gives rise to a legal or constructive obligation, a transfer of economic benefits is probable and a reliable estimate can be made.
Provisions are measured as the best estimate of the amount required to settle the obligation, taking into account the related risks and uncertainties.
 
Increases in provisions are generally charged as an expense to profit or loss.

 
2.19

Financial instruments

The Group has elected to apply the provisions of Section 11 “Basic Financial Instruments” of FRS 102 to all of its financial instruments.

Financial instruments are recognised in the Group's Balance sheet when the Group becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

Basic financial assets

Basic financial assets, which include trade and other receivables, cash and bank balances, are initially measured at their transaction price including transaction costs and are subsequently carried at their amortised cost using the effective interest method, less any provision for impairment, unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the transaction is measured at the present value of the future receipts discounted at a market rate of interest.

Discounting is omitted where the effect of discounting is immaterial. The Group's cash and cash equivalents, trade and most other receivables due with the operating cycle fall into this category of financial instruments.

Impairment of financial assets

Financial assets are assessed for indicators of impairment at each reporting date. 

Financial assets are impaired when events, subsequent to their initial recognition, indicate the estimated future cash flows derived from the financial asset(s) have been adversely impacted. The impairment loss will be the difference between the current carrying amount and the present value of the future cash flows at the asset(s) original effective interest rate.

If there is a favourable change in relation to the events surrounding the impairment loss then the impairment can be reviewed for possible reversal. The reversal will not cause the current carrying amount to exceed the original carrying amount had the impairment not been recognised. The impairment reversal is recognised in the profit or loss.

Page 25

 
MICO HOLDING LTD
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

2.Accounting policies (continued)


2.19
Financial instruments (continued)

Financial liabilities

Financial liabilities and equity instruments are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into. An equity instruments any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the Group after the deduction of all its liabilities.

Basic financial liabilities, which include trade and other payables, bank loans, other loans and loans due to fellow group companies are initially measured at their transaction price after transaction costs. When this constitutes a financing transaction, whereby the debt instrument is measured at the present value of the future receipts discounted at a market rate of interest. Discounting is omitted where the effect of discounting is immaterial.

Debt instruments are subsequently carried at their amortised cost using the effective interest rate method.

Trade payables are obligations to pay for goods and services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business from suppliers. Trade payables are classified as current liabilities if the payment is due within one year. If not, they represent non-current liabilities. Trade payables are initially recognised at their transaction price and subsequently are measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Discounting is omitted where the effect of discounting is immaterial.

Page 26

 
MICO HOLDING LTD
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

3.


Judgements in applying accounting policies and key sources of estimation uncertainty

In preparing the financial statements, management has to make judgements on how to apply the Group accounting policies and make estimates about the future. The critical judgements that have been made in arriving at the amounts recognised in the financial statements and the key areas of estimation uncertainty that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying value of assets and liabilities in the next financial year, are summarised below: 
(a) Useful economic lives of tangible assets
The annual depreciation charge for tangible assets is sensitive to changes in the estimated useful economic lives and residual values of the assets. The useful economic lives and residual values are reassessed annually. They are amended when necessary to reflect current estimates, based on technological advancement, future investments, economic utilisation and physical condition of the assets. See Note 12 for the carrying amount of tangible assets, and Note 2.12 for the useful economic lives for each class of assets.
(b) Useful economic lives of amortising intangible assets
The annual amortisation charge for intangible assets is sensitive to changes in the estimated useful economic lives and residual values of the assets. The useful economic lives and residual values are reassessed annually and are amended where necessary. If a useful economic life cannot be determined, a period of ten years is used. See Note 11 for the carrying amount of tangible assets, and Note 2.11 for the useful economic lives for each class of assets.
(c) Provisions for doubtful debts
The directors are required to make an assessment as to the recoverability of trade, other and group debtors. Provisions are recognised against specific debtors where required.
(d) Valuation of intangible assets held at fair value
These estimates are based on management’s judgement and are sensitive to changes in the market and economic conditions. 


4.


Turnover

Analysis of turnover by country of destination:

As restated
2024
2023
£
£

United Kingdom
7,627,935
9,046,710

Europe
2,426,612
1,760,327

Rest of the world
7,188,786
5,946,538

17,243,333
16,753,575


Page 27

 
MICO HOLDING LTD
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

5.


Auditor's remuneration

During the year, the Group obtained the following services from the Company's auditor:


2024
2023
£
£

Fees payable to the Company's auditor for the audit of the consolidated and parent Company's financial statements
21,133
19,658

Fees payable to the Company's auditor in respect of:

The auditing of accounts of the subsidiaries of the Company
52,924
48,511

Taxation services
21,904
19,583

Preparation of the statutory accounts and other non-audit services

28,416
27,195

Total
124,377
114,947


6.


Employees

Staff costs, including directors' remuneration, were as follows:


Group
Group
Company
Company
2024
2023
2024
2023
£
£
£
£


Wages and salaries
4,195,105
3,412,272
19,726
37,453

Social security costs
76,640
315,145
-
-

4,271,745
3,727,417
19,726
37,453


The average monthly number of employees, including the directors, during the year was as follows:



Group
Group
Company
Company
        2024
        2023
        2024
        2023
            No.
            No.
            No.
            No.









Directors
4
3
4
3



Sales and marketing
23
18
-
-



Administration
15
15
-
-



Support
25
24
-
-

67
60
4
3

Page 28

 
MICO HOLDING LTD
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

7.


Directors' remuneration

2024
2023
£
£

Directors' emoluments
839,246
539,184

Group contributions to defined contribution pension schemes
3,412
1,321

842,658
540,505


The highest paid director received remuneration of £256,000 (2023 - £243,810).

The value of the Group's contributions paid to a defined contribution pension scheme in respect of the highest paid director amounted to £NIL (2023 - £NIL).

All directors and certain senior employees who have authority and responsibility for planning, directing and controlling activities for the Group are considered to be key management personnel. Total remuneration in respect of these individuals is £952,050 (2023: £610,221).


8.


Interest receivable

As restated
2024
2023
£
£


Other interest receivable
2,317
(35,404)

2,317
(35,404)


9.


Interest payable and similar expenses

2024
2023
£
£


Bank interest payable
12,494
13,130

Other loan interest payable
1,211
-

Other interest payable
27,548
20,545

41,253
33,675

Page 29

 
MICO HOLDING LTD
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

10.


Taxation


As restated
2024
2023
£
£

Corporation tax


Current tax on profits for the year
400,345
903,879

Adjustments in respect of previous periods
31,483
12,470


431,828
916,349

Foreign tax


Foreign tax on income for the year
463,850
153,949

463,850
153,949

Total current tax
895,678
1,070,298

Deferred tax


Origination and reversal of timing differences
156,653
(5,290)

Total deferred tax
156,653
(5,290)


Tax on profit
1,052,331
1,065,008
Page 30

 
MICO HOLDING LTD
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
 
10.Taxation (continued)


Factors affecting tax charge for the year

The tax assessed for the year is higher than (2023 - lower than) the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK of 25% (2023 - 23.5%). The differences are explained below:

As restated
2024
2023
£
£


Profit on ordinary activities before tax
2,715,001
4,965,228


Profit on ordinary activities multiplied by standard rate of corporation tax in the UK of 25% (2023 - 23.5%)
678,750
1,166,829

Effects of:


Non-tax deductible amortisation of goodwill and impairment
58,669
55,195

Expenses not deductible for tax purposes, other than goodwill amortisation and impairment
17,182
3,241

Fixed asset differences
-
2,880

Adjustments to tax charge in respect of prior periods
31,483
15,099

Other timing differences leading to an increase in taxation
168,114
-

Non-taxable income less expenses not deductible for tax purposes, other than goodwill and impairment
(25,948)
-

Remeasurement of deferred tax for change in rates
-
(540)

Movement in deferred tax not recognised
616
-

Other movements in foreign tax
87,004
(166,800)

Other differences leading to a decrease in the tax charge
(13,941)
(10,896)

Group relief
50,402
-

Total tax charge for the year
1,052,331
1,065,008

Page 31

 
MICO HOLDING LTD
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

11.


Intangible assets

Group





Licenses
Software
Goodwill
Total

£
£
£
£



Cost


At 1 January 2024 (as restated)
7,338,696
414,469
2,346,737
10,099,902


Additions
263,562
-
-
263,562


Foreign exchange movement
125,876
-
-
125,876



At 31 December 2024

7,728,134
414,469
2,346,737
10,489,340



Amortisation


At 1 January 2024 (as restated)
-
107,155
1,349,374
1,456,529


Charge for the year
-
51,981
234,674
286,655


Impairment charge
556,174
-
-
556,174



At 31 December 2024

556,174
159,136
1,584,048
2,299,358



Net book value



At 31 December 2024
7,171,960
255,333
762,689
8,189,982



At 31 December 2023
7,338,696
307,314
997,363
8,643,373



Page 32

 
MICO HOLDING LTD
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
 
           11.Intangible assets (continued)

Company




Licenses

£



Cost


At 1 January 2024 (as restated)
927,849



At 31 December 2024

927,849






Net book value



At 31 December 2024
927,849



At 31 December 2023
927,849

Page 33

 
MICO HOLDING LTD
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

12.


Tangible fixed assets

Group






Long-term leasehold property
Fixtures and fittings
Office equipment
Computer equipment
Other fixed assets
Total

£
£
£
£
£
£



Cost or valuation


At 1 January 2024
49,446
12,342
23,466
163,284
-
248,538


Additions
-
-
23,600
2,911
3,893
30,404


Disposals
-
(5,699)
-
(113,650)
-
(119,349)


Exchange adjustments
-
193
-
220
-
413



At 31 December 2024

49,446
6,836
47,066
52,765
3,893
160,006



Depreciation


At 1 January 2024
49,446
5,837
14,669
152,272
-
222,224


Charge for the year on owned assets
-
-
9,021
4,708
730
14,459


Disposals
-
(3,515)
-
(113,650)
-
(117,165)



At 31 December 2024

49,446
2,322
23,690
43,330
730
119,518



Net book value



At 31 December 2024
-
4,514
23,376
9,435
3,163
40,488



At 31 December 2023
-
6,505
8,797
11,012
-
26,314

Page 34

 
MICO HOLDING LTD
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

13.


Fixed asset investments

Company





Investments in subsidiary companies

£



Cost or valuation


At 1 January 2024
400



At 31 December 2024
400





14.


Debtors

Group

Group
As restated
Company

Company

2024
2023
2024
2023
£
£
£
£


Trade debtors
5,413,730
5,742,135
-
-

Amounts owed by the parent and group undertakings
1,326,425
-
1,766,080
1,854,303

Other debtors
1,349,018
2,013,429
121,513
14,528

Prepayments and accrued income
1,374,060
827,816
19,664
22,235

9,463,233
8,583,380
1,907,257
1,891,066


Amounts due from fellow group undertakings (Company) are unsecured and repayable on demand. No interest is charged. 


15.


Cash and cash equivalents

Group
Group
Company
Company
2024
2023
2024
2023
£
£
£
£

Cash at bank and in hand
7,897,710
6,106,136
31,869
-

7,897,710
6,106,136
31,869
-


Page 35

 
MICO HOLDING LTD
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

16.


Creditors: Amounts falling due within one year

Group

Group
As restated
Company

Company

2024
2023
2024
2023
£
£
£
£

Bank loans
-
30,000
-
-

Other loans
-
10,649
-
-

Trade creditors
3,065,484
2,362,267
35,801
48,656

Amounts owed to the parent and group undertakings
3,338,375
2,496,920
1,066,293
963,414

Corporation tax
285,430
1,060,507
-
278,333

Other taxation and social security
336,316
181,589
-
-

Other creditors
1,296,869
3,409,130
1
-

Accruals and deferred income
2,855,972
1,196,762
9,083
15,701

11,178,446
10,747,824
1,111,178
1,306,104


Amounts due to fellow group undertakings (Company) are unsecured and repayable on demand. No interest is charged. 


17.


Creditors: Amounts falling due after more than one year

Group
Group
2024
2023
£
£

Bank loans
-
125,974

Other loans
-
14,380

Other creditors
61,977
137,140

61,977
277,494


Bank loans comprise a loan from Santander Bank to Expense Reduction Analysts Spain SL, and is unsecured with a variable interest rate.  The bank loans were settled in full during the year.
Other loans include a Bounce Bank Loan to Associates Support & Network Services Limited, unsecured, subject to interest at 1.91%, and repayable in equal annual installments by December 2026.  The other loans were settled in full during the year.

Page 36

 
MICO HOLDING LTD
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

18.


Loans


Analysis of the maturity of loans is given below:


Group
Group
2024
2023
£
£

Amounts falling due within one year

Bank loans
-
30,000

Other loans
-
10,649


-
40,649

Amounts falling due 1-2 years

Bank loans
-
30,000

Amounts falling due 2-5 years

Bank loans
-
30,000

Other loans
-
14,380


-
44,380

Amounts falling due after more than 5 years

Bank loans
-
65,974

-
181,003


Page 37

 
MICO HOLDING LTD
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

19.


Deferred taxation


Group



2024
2023


£

£






At beginning of year
(46,101)
43,932


Charged to profit or loss
(156,653)
(90,033)


Charged to other comprehensive income
(720)
-



At end of year
(203,474)
(46,101)





Group
Group
2024
2023
£
£

Accelerated capital allowances
(97,109)
(79,028)

Tax losses carried forward
9,282
32,927

Short term timing differences
50,610
-

Other timing differences
(166,257)
-

(203,474)
(46,101)


20.


Share capital

2024
2023
£
£
Allotted, called up and fully paid



100 (2023 - 100) Ordinary shares of £1.00 each
100
100
35 (2023 - ) G Shares shares of £0.01 each
-
-

100

100

Ordinary shares carry full rights with regard to voting, the payment of dividends and distributions. 
During the year, 35 G Shares were issued with a nominal value of £0.01 per share, for total consideration of £15,750.


Page 38

 
MICO HOLDING LTD
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

21.


Reserves

Share premium account

The share premium account includes any premiums received on issue of share capital. Any transaction costs associated with issuing shares are deducted from share premium.

Foreign exchange reserve

The foreign exchange reserve represents amounts arising on the translation of overseas subsidiary companies from their domestic currency to the group presentational currency. 

Profit and loss account

The profit and loss account represents accumulated profits and losses available for distribution. 


22.


Prior year adjustment

In Expense Reduction Analysts, Inc, there was a prior year adjustment which was the result of a error. The statement of comprehensive income included net income from the ring-fenced franchisee marketing fund (MAC fund) of £11,794, which was corrected by reversing this amount with a corresponding increase to other creditors by £10,845 and increasing foreign exchange (loss)/ gains (OCI) by £949. To correct the prior year opening balances, an amendment was made to by reducing retained earnings brought forward by £464,096 and reducing foreign exchange reserve brought forward by £46,506.
During the year, the Group changed its accounting policy for the measurement of licences from cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment losses to fair value, where reliable fair value can be determined. This change was made to provide more relevant and reliable information in accordance with FRS 102 Section 10 – Accounting Policies, Estimates and Errors. This change was made to align the company with group accounting policies. The change has been applied retrospectively, and comparative figures have been restated. The financial effect of the prior year adjustment is an increase in the carrying amount of licences of £371,111, an increase in retained earnings brought forward of £272,118 and a decrease in administrative expenses of £98,933. This has resulted in a increase in the retained earnings carried forward of £371,111. 


23.


Related party transactions

At the year end, the Group owed in net to the immediate parent undertaking balances totalling £2,011,950 (2023: £2,496,920). 


24.


Post balance sheet events

On 30 May 2025, the group was acquired by UK Pluto Bidco Limited which was incorporated in the United Kingdom. 
The ultimate controlling party from 30 May 2025 is Horizon Capital LLP.

Page 39

 
MICO HOLDING LTD
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

25.


Controlling party

The immediate parent undertaking at the year end was Montgomery Investment Company SA, registered in Luxembourg. It's registered head office and principle place of business is 16 rue Erasme, L-1468, Luxembourg
The ultimate parent undertaking was Vancouver Trust, registered in Guernsey. The ultimate controlling party was deemed to be Mr C F Marfleet by virtue of his trusteeship in Vancouver Trust and his ability to direct the financial and operating policies of the Group. 
No parent undertaking draws up consolidated financial statements. 


26.



Subsidiary undertakings



Direct subsidiary undertaking


The following were direct subsidiary undertakings of the Company:

Name

Registered office

Class of shares

Holding

E R Associates Australia Limited
40 Churchill Square, Kings Hill, West Malling, Kent, ME19 4YU
Ordinary
100%
Evercertain Limited
40 Churchill Square, Kings Hill, West Malling, Kent, ME19 4YU
Ordinary
100%
Associates Support & Network Services Limited
40 Churchill Square, Kings Hill, West Malling, Kent, ME19 4YU
Ordinary
100%
E R Associates (Europe) Limited
40 Churchill Square, Kings Hill, West Malling, Kent, ME19 4YU
Ordinary
100%
E R Associates (ML) Limited
40 Churchill Square, Kings Hill, West Malling, Kent, ME19 4YU
Ordinary
100%

Page 40

 
MICO HOLDING LTD
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

26.Subsidiary undertakings (continued)


Indirect subsidiary undertakings


The following were indirect subsidiary undertakings of the Company:

Name

Registered office

Class of shares

Holding

E R Associates (UAE) Limited
40 Churchill Square, Kings Hill, West Malling, Kent, ME19 4YU
Ordinary
100%
E R Associates (Belgium) Limited
40 Churchill Square, Kings Hill, West Malling, Kent, ME19 4YU
Ordinary
100%
E R Associates (Africa) Limited
40 Churchill Square, Kings Hill, West Malling, Kent, ME19 4YU
Ordinary
100%
E R Associates (Czech) Limited
40 Churchill Square, Kings Hill, West Malling, Kent, ME19 4YU
Ordinary
100%
E R Associates (Denmark) Limited
40 Churchill Square, Kings Hill, West Malling, Kent, ME19 4YU
Ordinary
100%
E R Associates (Egypt) Limited
40 Churchill Square, Kings Hill, West Malling, Kent, ME19 4YU
Ordinary
100%
E R Associates (Finland) Limited
40 Churchill Square, Kings Hill, West Malling, Kent, ME19 4YU
Ordinary
100%
E R Associates (Malta) Limited
40 Churchill Square, Kings Hill, West Malling, Kent, ME19 4YU
Ordinary
100%
E R Associates (Hungary) Limited
40 Churchill Square, Kings Hill, West Malling, Kent, ME19 4YU
Ordinary
100%
E R Associates (Italy) Limited
40 Churchill Square, Kings Hill, West Malling, Kent, ME19 4YU
Ordinary
100%
E R Associates (Greece) Limited
40 Churchill Square, Kings Hill, West Malling, Kent, ME19 4YU
Ordinary
100%
E R Associates (Netherlands) Limited
40 Churchill Square, Kings Hill, West Malling, Kent, ME19 4YU
Ordinary
100%
E R Associates (Norway) Limited
40 Churchill Square, Kings Hill, West Malling, Kent, ME19 4YU
Ordinary
100%
E R Associates (Poland) Limited
40 Churchill Square, Kings Hill, West Malling, Kent, ME19 4YU
Ordinary
100%
E R Associates (Portugal) Limited
40 Churchill Square, Kings Hill, West Malling, Kent, ME19 4YU
Ordinary
100%
Page 41

 
MICO HOLDING LTD
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

26.Subsidiary undertakings (continued)

Indirect subsidiary undertakings (continued)


Name

Registered office

Class of shares

Holding

E R Associates (Romania) Limited
40 Churchill Square, Kings Hill, West Malling, Kent, ME19 4YU
Ordinary
100%
E R Associates (Slovakia) Limited
40 Churchill Square, Kings Hill, West Malling, Kent, ME19 4YU
Ordinary
100%
E R Associates (Slovenia) Limited
40 Churchill Square, Kings Hill, West Malling, Kent, ME19 4YU
Ordinary
100%
E R Associates (Spain) Limited
40 Churchill Square, Kings Hill, West Malling, Kent, ME19 4YU
Ordinary
100%
E R Associates (Sweden) Limited
40 Churchill Square, Kings Hill, West Malling, Kent, ME19 4YU
Ordinary
100%
E R Associates (LATAM) Limited
40 Churchill Square, Kings Hill, West Malling, Kent, ME19 4YU
Ordinary
100%
E R Associates (Brazil) Limited
40 Churchill Square, Kings Hill, West Malling, Kent, ME19 4YU
Ordinary
100%
E R Associates (Canada) Limited
40 Churchill Square, Kings Hill, West Malling, Kent, ME19 4YU
Ordinary
100%
E R Associates (France) Limited
40 Churchill Square, Kings Hill, West Malling, Kent, ME19 4YU
Ordinary
100%
E R Associates (Saudi Arabia) Limited
40 Churchill Square, Kings Hill, West Malling, Kent, ME19 4YU
Ordinary
100%
E R Associates (Jordan) Limited
40 Churchill Square, Kings Hill, West Malling, Kent, ME19 4YU
Ordinary
100%
E R Associates (South Korea) Limited
40 Churchill Square, Kings Hill, West Malling, Kent, ME19 4YU
Ordinary
100%
E R Associates (Turkey) Limited
40 Churchill Square, Kings Hill, West Malling, Kent, ME19 4YU
Ordinary
100%
E R Associates (UK) Limited
40 Churchill Square, Kings Hill, West Malling, Kent, ME19 4YU
Ordinary
100%
Expense Reduction Analysts (UK) Limited
40 Churchill Square, Kings Hill, West Malling, Kent, ME19 4YU
Ordinary
100%
Page 42

 
MICO HOLDING LTD
 
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

26.Subsidiary undertakings (continued)

Indirect subsidiary undertakings (continued)


Name

Registered office

Class of shares

Holding

E R Associates (Japan) Limited
40 Churchill Square, Kings Hill, West Malling, Kent, ME19 4YU
Ordinary
100%
Expense Reuction Associates Pty Limited
Unit 9, 1 Markey Street, EASTWOOD, SA 5063
Ordinary
100%
SWCS LLC
Addison Tower, Addison Rd, Suite 410, Addison, TX 75001, USA
Ordinary
100%
Expense Reduction Analysts, Inc.
Addison Tower, Addison Rd, Suite 410, Addison, TX 75001, USA
Ordinary
100%
Expense Reduction Analysts GmbH
Gustav-Stesemann-Ring 12-16, 65189 Wiesbaden, Germany
Ordinary
100%
ERA Global Management Srl
Via Matteo Bandello 15, 20123 Milano, Italy
Ordinary
100%
Expense Reduction Analysts Spain SL
Paseo de la Castellana 117, 7-D, 28046, Madrid, Spain
Ordinary
100%
Expense Reduction Analysts (Canada) Limited
Addison Tower, Addison Rd, Suite 410, Addison, TX 75001, USA
Ordinary
100%
Abbeypower Consultores SA de CV
Av. Paseo de la Reforma No. 342 26th Floor, Mexico City, Mexico
Ordinary
100%
E R Associates (Ireland) Limited
40 Churchill Square, Kings Hill, West Malling, Kent, ME19 4YU
Ordinary
100%
E R Associates (Asia ML) Limited
40 Churchill Square, Kings Hill, West Malling, Kent, ME19 4YU
Ordinary
100%

Page 43