The directors present the strategic report and financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2024.

The European business is structured into two clearly defined streams, Technology Services and Technology Solutions. Operations are managed through individual business locations which are split by technical competency with additional support provided by functional departments such as finance, HR, IT, supply chain, HSQE and marketing. This Strategic Report for TEW Engineering Limited is in reference to the Technology Solutions stream.

We operate and serve our customers in the following core markets: Rail, Air, Power Generation and Nuclear.

The business is actively engaged in delivering technical, engineered solutions in the following areas:

The Visual Communications business delivers unique passenger information systems to the rail and airport markets.

The Rail Controls and Display business delivers unique solutions for rail signalling operations and control room operations.

Power Generation is focussed on control room display solutions in particular utilising our mosaic mimic product line.

Nuclear is a relatively new market undertaking involving electrical wiring parts manufacture.

Monitoring is also a new solution undertaking focussed on a narrow range of remote condition monitoring solutions based on active or passive sensing technology.

Review of 2024

The Directors are reasonably pleased with the results for the year, especially given wider UK and Global political and economic effects, which remain an ongoing generator of uncertainty in the business, such as cost of living crisis and energy prices pressurising the labour market and other operational costs.

Enquiry levels in the year were high, and whilst the markets we serve appear active, conversion of these opportunities into firm orders posed a significant challenge.

Business levels for 2024 showed a continuation at levels experienced in the previous year in the UK rail and power generation markets, which covered for an unexpected downturn in the nuclear market which was impacted by issues across the Eastern Europe and wider political world which has deferred into 2025 and beyond.

Digital Display continues to be an attractive market sector and we have continued to expand our product range. Unlike most companies in this sector, our offer is a combined hardware and content software solution supported by life-cycle maintenance support from our highly qualified support staff. Our digital display offering was further enhanced by the Group acquisition of Skratch Enterprises Ltd in June 2022, and in addition this gives the opportunity to explore different markets for our existing products.

We monitor the effect of global economic conditions, competitor activity and sector trends as they influence our business activities.

On a macro level we monitor the effect of domestic and global economic conditions, competitor activity and sector trends as they influence our business activities. Many of our major customers are linked with government future spending plans. As such, certain areas of the business, such as rail, can be affected by the level of spending from government. We have a diversified portfolio of products and services and as such are not so heavily influenced by cyclical trends.

Whilst our business is UK based, we provide solutions to customers worldwide. We continuously monitor potential domestic impacts on the labour market and associated wage demands and how this may affect resourcing of our projects. In addition, we keep abreast of global economic conditions so that we can fully evaluate the viability of opportunities outside of the UK.

Our strategic planning is prepared in rolling 3-year cycles, with particular attention given to the 1-2 year period.

Rail and Air

On a micro market assessment level we continue to monitor the current economic climate and market indicators that may impact rail and air travel passenger levels. Revenue from passengers is a key driver for infrastructure owners' CAPEX expenditure levels.

Network Rail and Train Operating Companies (TOC’s) are the primary focus areas within the rail business. There is generally good forward project visibility in the Rail Control Room and Visual Communications environment, based around both lifetime extension campaigns by our customers and new control period spending plans. We therefore feel reasonably confident about business levels for the next 18-24 months.

Expansion of our customer information based Visual Communications solutions remains a key objective especially targeting the Airport market across Europe and USA, with a limited but growing penetration achieved in 2024, but further expansion expected in 2025 and onwards as the wider product offer excites the market. A continued focus on the UK rail market has resulted in a strong 2024, which we expect to continue into 2025 and beyond.

Targeted marketing campaigns will support direct customer engagement programmes, with the focus on a solutions first approach. Our goal is to ensure the customer gets full value of the technology we offer, with life cycle cost benefit analysis being key in all decision making processes.

Power Generation

Forecasts on the future of the European command and control market continue to give rise to optimism in this area of the business. This potential upturn will support our existing initiatives in the Nuclear Power market and specific strategies are being developed to broaden our offer from control panels to fully integrated, ergonomically designed, control room environments.

The key financial KPI's of the business are listed below:

The company undertakes sales and purchases in foreign currencies which exposes it to foreign exchange rate risk. There is no active management of this risk other than the maintenance of foreign currency bank accounts within the UK Group, and accordingly the directors accept the risks arising from foreign exchange fluctuations.

On behalf of the board

The directors present their annual report and financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2024.

The principal activity continues to be the provision of control panels, information systems, and process automation equipment.

The results for the year are set out on page 9.

No interim ordinary dividends were paid (2023 - £nil). The directors do not recommend payment of a final dividend.

The directors who held office during the year and up to the date of signature of the financial statements were as follows:

The company has an ongoing programme of research and development activities to ensure that its products continue to deliver solutions and meet customer needs. Expenditure on R&D activities during the year amounted to £8,966 (2023 - £59,533).

The auditor, Azets Audit Services Limited, is deemed to be reappointed under section 487(2) of the Companies Act 2006.

So far as each person who was a director at the date of approving this report is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the company’s auditor is unaware. Additionally, the directors individually have taken all the necessary steps that they ought to have taken as directors in order to make themselves aware of all relevant audit information and to establish that the company’s auditor is aware of that information.

The directors are responsible for preparing the Annual Report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.

Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the directors have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (United Kingdom Accounting Standards and applicable law). Under company law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the company and of the profit or loss of the company for that period. In preparing these financial statements, the directors are required to:

• select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;

• make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent;

• state whether applicable UK Accounting Standards have been followed, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements, and

• prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the company will continue in business.

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the company’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the company and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

We have audited the financial statements of TEW Engineering Limited (the 'company') for the year ended 31 December 2024 which comprise the statement of comprehensive income, the balance sheet, the statement of changes in equity and notes to the financial statements, including significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including Financial Reporting Standard 102 The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).

In our opinion the financial statements:

• give a true and fair view of the state of the company's affairs as at 31 December 2024 and of its profit for the year then ended;

• have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and

• have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.

Basis for opinion

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report below. We are independent of the company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements.

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

Conclusions relating to going concern

In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate.

Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the company's ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue.

Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report.

Other information

The other information comprises the information included in the annual report other than the financial statements and our auditor's report thereon. The directors are responsible for the other information contained within the annual report. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact.

We have nothing to report in this regard.

Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of our audit:

• the information given in the strategic report and the directors' report for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and

• the strategic report and the directors' report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.

In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the strategic report or the directors' report.

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:

• adequate accounting records have not been kept, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or

• the financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or

• certain disclosures of directors' remuneration specified by law are not made; or

• we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.

As explained more fully in the directors' responsibilities statement, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor's report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.

A further description of our responsibilities is available on the Financial Reporting Council’s website at: https://www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our auditor's report.

Extent to which the audit was considered capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud

Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above and on the Financial Reporting Council’s website, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud.

We obtain and update our understanding of the entity, its activities, its control environment, and likely future developments, including in relation to the legal and regulatory framework applicable and how the entity is complying with that framework.  Based on this understanding, we identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.  This includes consideration of the risk of acts by the entity that were contrary to applicable laws and regulations, including fraud.

In response to the risk of irregularities and non-compliance with laws and regulations, including fraud, we designed procedures which included:

• Enquiry of management and those charged with governance around actual and potential litigation and claims as well as actual, suspected and alleged fraud; 

• Reviewing minutes of meetings of those charged with governance;

• Assessing the extent of compliance with the laws and regulations considered to have a direct material effect on the financial statements or the operations of the company through enquiry and inspection; 

• Reviewing financial statement disclosures and testing to supporting documentation to assess compliance with applicable laws and regulations;

• Performing audit work over the risk of management bias and override of controls, including testing of journal entries and other adjustments for appropriateness, evaluating the business rationale of significant transactions outside the normal course of business and reviewing accounting estimates for indicators of potential bias; and

• Performing audit work over the timing and recognition of revenue and in particular whether it has been recorded in the correct accounting period.

Because of the inherent limitations of an audit, there is a risk that we will not detect all irregularities, including those leading to a material misstatement in the financial statements or non-compliance with regulation.  This risk increases the more that compliance with a law or regulation is removed from the events and transactions reflected in the financial statements, as we will be less likely to become aware of instances of non-compliance.  The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.

Use of our report

This report is made solely to the company's members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company's members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor's report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the company's members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.

The statement of total comprehensive income has been prepared on the basis that all operations are continuing operations.

No other comprehensive income was earned in the year.

TEW Engineering Limited is a private company limited by shares incorporated in England and Wales. The registered office is c/o Mincoffs Solicitors LLP, 5 Osborne Terrace, Jesmond, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne And Wear, NE2 1SQ.

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with FRS 102 “The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland” (“FRS 102”) and the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.

The financial statements are prepared in sterling, which is the functional currency of the company. Monetary amounts in these financial statements are rounded to the nearest £1.

The financial statements have been prepared on the historical cost convention, modified to include certain financial instruments at fair value. The principal accounting policies adopted are set out below.

This company is a qualifying entity for the purposes of FRS 102, being a member of a group where the parent of that group prepares publicly available consolidated financial statements, including this company, which are intended to give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities, financial position and profit or loss of the group. The company has therefore taken advantage of exemptions from the following disclosure requirements:

• Section 4 ‘Statement of Financial Position’ – Reconciliation of the opening and closing number of shares;

• Section 7 ‘Statement of Cash Flows’ – Presentation of a statement of cash flow and related notes and disclosures;

• Section 11 ‘Basic Financial Instruments’ and Section 12 ‘Other Financial Instrument Issues’ – Carrying amounts, interest income/expense and net gains/losses for each category of financial instrument; basis of determining fair values; details of collateral, loan defaults or breaches, details of hedges, hedging fair value changes recognised in profit or loss and in other comprehensive income;

• Section 33 ‘Related Party Disclosures’ – Compensation for key management personnel.

The company has taken advantage of the disclosure exemptions of Section 33.1A of FRS 102 which permit it to not present details of its transactions with members of the group headed by L.B. Foster Company where relevant group companies are all wholly owned.

The financial statements of the company are consolidated in the financial statements of L.B. Foster Company. These consolidated financial statements are available from its registered office, 415 Holiday Drive, Pittsburgh, PA, 15220, United States of America.

The directors have considered all factors, including in the wider economy, as part of their assessment of going concern. Although the current economic climate creates both cashflow and profitability risks for the company, the company continues to trade satisfactorily. Budgets and cashflows have been prepared using assumptions for customer demand and supply chain costs as well as expectations for legal and regulatory environmental impacts. These budgets and cashflows indicate profitabie trading and cash generation, consequently the directors believe on balance that they have sufficient resources to enable trading to continue for a period of at least one year from the date of approval of the financial statements. Accordingly, these financial statements have been prepared on the going concern basis.true

Turnover is recognised at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable for goods and services provided in the normal course of business, and is shown net of VAT and other sales related taxes. The fair value of consideration takes into account trade discounts, settlement discounts and volume rebates.

Turnover from the provision of construction contracts is recognised by reference to the stage of completion, when the stage of completion, costs incurred and costs to complete can be estimated reliably. The stage of completion is calculated by assessing project costs incurred as a proportion of total costs. Where the outcome cannot be estimated reliably, revenue is recognised only to the extent of the expenses recognised that are recoverable.

Research and development expenditure is written off against profits in the year in which it is incurred.

Intangible assets acquired separately from a business are recognised at cost and are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses.

Amortisation is recognised so as to write off the cost or valuation of assets less their residual values over their useful lives on the following bases:

Tangible fixed assets are initially measured at cost and subsequently measured at cost or valuation, net of depreciation and any impairment losses.

Depreciation is recognised so as to write off the cost or valuation of assets less their residual values over their useful lives on the following bases:

The gain or loss arising on the disposal of an asset is determined as the difference between the sale proceeds and the carrying value of the asset, and is credited or charged to profit or loss.

Properties whose fair value can be measured reliably are held under the revaluation model and are carried at a revalued amount, being their fair value at the date of valuation less any subsequent accumulated depreciation and subsequent accumulated impairment losses. The fair value of the land and buildings is usually considered to be their market value.

Revaluation gains and losses are recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in equity, except to the extent that a revaluation gain reverses a revaluation loss previously recognised in profit or loss or a revaluation loss exceeds the accumulated revaluation gains recognised in equity; such gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss.

Freehold land is not depreciated.

At each reporting period end date, the company reviews the carrying amounts of its tangible and intangible assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). Where it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs.

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.

If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash-generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation decrease.

Stocks are stated at the lower of cost and estimated selling price less costs to complete and sell. Cost comprises direct materials and, where applicable, direct labour costs and those overheads that have been incurred in bringing the stocks to their present location and condition.

Stocks held for distribution at no or nominal consideration are measured at the lower of cost and replacement cost, adjusted where applicable for any loss of service potential.

At each reporting date, an assessment is made for impairment. Any excess of the carrying amount of stocks over its estimated selling price less costs to complete and sell is recognised as an impairment loss in profit or loss. Reversals of impairment losses are also recognised in profit or loss.

Where the outcome of a construction contract can be estimated reliably, revenue and costs are recognised by reference to the stage of completion of the contract activity at the reporting end date. Variations in contract work, claims and incentive payments are included to the extent that the amount can be measured reliably and its receipt is considered probable.

When it is probable that total contract costs will exceed total contract turnover, the expected loss is recognised as an expense immediately.

Where the outcome of a construction contract cannot be estimated reliably, contract revenue is recognised to the extent of contract costs incurred where it is probable that they will be recoverable. Contract costs are recognised as expenses in the period in which they are incurred. When costs incurred in securing a contract are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred, they are not included in contract costs if the contract is obtained in a subsequent period.

The “percentage of completion method” is used to determine the appropriate amount to recognise in a given period. The stage of completion is measured by the proportion of contract costs incurred for work performed to date compared to the estimated total contract costs. Costs incurred in the year in connection with future activity on a contract are excluded from contract costs in determining the stage of completion. These costs are presented as stocks, prepayments or other assets depending on their nature, and provided it is probable they will be recovered.

Cash and cash equivalents are basic financial assets and include cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks, other short-term liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less, and bank overdrafts. Bank overdrafts are shown within borrowings in current liabilities.

The company has elected to apply the provisions of Section 11 ‘Basic Financial Instruments’ and Section 12 ‘Other Financial Instruments Issues’ of FRS 102 to all of its financial instruments.

Financial instruments are recognised in the company's balance sheet when the company becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

Financial assets and liabilities are offset, with the net amounts presented in the financial statements, when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Basic financial assets, which include debtors and cash and bank balances, are initially measured at transaction price including transaction costs and are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest method unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the transaction is measured at the present value of the future receipts discounted at a market rate of interest. Financial assets classified as receivable within one year are not amortised.

Other financial assets, including investments in equity instruments which are not subsidiaries, associates or joint ventures, are initially measured at fair value, which is normally the transaction price. Such assets are subsequently carried at fair value and the changes in fair value are recognised in profit or loss, except that investments in equity instruments that are not publicly traded and whose fair values cannot be measured reliably are measured at cost less impairment.

Financial assets, other than those held at fair value through profit and loss, are assessed for indicators of impairment at each reporting end date.

Financial assets are impaired where there is objective evidence that, as a result of one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the financial asset, the estimated future cash flows have been affected. If an asset is impaired, the impairment loss is the difference between the carrying amount and the present value of the estimated cash flows discounted at the asset’s original effective interest rate. The impairment loss is recognised in profit or loss.

If there is a decrease in the impairment loss arising from an event occurring after the impairment was recognised, the impairment is reversed. The reversal is such that the current carrying amount does not exceed what the carrying amount would have been, had the impairment not previously been recognised. The impairment reversal is recognised in profit or loss.

Financial assets are derecognised only when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire or are settled, or when the company transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to another entity, or if some significant risks and rewards of ownership are retained but control of the asset has transferred to another party that is able to sell the asset in its entirety to an unrelated third party.

Financial liabilities and equity instruments are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into. An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the company after deducting all of its liabilities.

Basic financial liabilities, including creditors, bank loans and loans from fellow group companies, are initially recognised at transaction price unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the debt instrument is measured at the present value of the future payments discounted at a market rate of interest. Financial liabilities classified as payable within one year are not amortised.

Debt instruments are subsequently carried at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method.

Trade creditors are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business from suppliers. Amounts payable are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less. If not, they are presented as non-current liabilities. Trade creditors are recognised initially at transaction price and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

Debt instruments that do not meet the conditions in FRS 102 paragraph 11.9 are subsequently measured at fair value through profit or loss. Debt instruments may be designated as being measured at fair value through profit or loss to eliminate or reduce an accounting mismatch or if the instruments are measured and their performance evaluated on a fair value basis in accordance with a documented risk management or investment strategy.

Financial liabilities are derecognised when the company’s contractual obligations expire or are discharged or cancelled.

Equity instruments issued by the company are recorded at the proceeds received, net of transaction costs. Dividends payable on equity instruments are recognised as liabilities once they are no longer at the discretion of the company.

The tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax.

The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from net profit as reported in the profit and loss account because it excludes items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and it further excludes items that are never taxable or deductible. The company’s liability for current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting end date.

Deferred taxes are calculated using the liability method on temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases.

A deferred tax asset is recognised for all deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary difference can be utilised, unless the deferred tax asset arises from the initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and at the time of the transaction, affects neither accounting profit nor taxable profit (tax loss). However, for deductible temporary differences associated with investments in subsidiaries a deferred tax asset is recognised when the temporary difference will reverse in the foreseeable future and taxable profit will be available against which the temporary difference can be utilised.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply to the period when the asset is realised or the liability is settled, based on tax rates and tax laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.

The costs of short-term employee benefits are recognised as a liability and an expense, unless those costs are required to be recognised as part of the cost of stock or fixed assets.

The cost of any unused holiday entitlement is recognised in the period in which the employee’s services are received.

Termination benefits are recognised immediately as an expense when the company is demonstrably committed to terminate the employment of an employee or to provide termination benefits.

Payments to defined contribution retirement benefit schemes are charged as an expense as they fall due.

Rentals payable under operating leases, including any lease incentives received, are charged to profit or loss on a straight line basis over the term of the relevant lease except where another more systematic basis is more representative of the time pattern in which economic benefits from the leases asset are consumed.

Government grants are recognised at the fair value of the asset received or receivable when there is reasonable assurance that the grant conditions will be met and the grants will be received.

A grant that specifies performance conditions is recognised in income when the performance conditions are met. Where a grant does not specify performance conditions it is recognised in income when the proceeds are received or receivable. A grant received before the recognition criteria are satisfied is recognised as a liability.

Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into sterling at the rates of exchange ruling at the balance sheet date. Transactions in foreign currencies are recorded at the rate ruling at the date of the transaction. All differences are taken to the profit and loss account.

In the application of the company’s accounting policies, the directors are required to make judgements, estimates and assumptions about the carrying amount of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised where the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods where the revision affects both current and future periods.

The following judgements (apart from those involving estimates) have had the most significant effect on amounts recognised in the financial statements.

The company holds freehold land and buildings at their fair value, which approximates to the open market value of the property on an existing basis. The company has obtained a professional revaluation during the year and has recognised a revaluation as detailed in note 12.

The estimates and assumptions which have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets and liabilities are as follows.

The majority of the company's activities are undertaken via long-term construction contracts spanning more than one accounting period. These contracts are accounted for in accordance with FRS 102 which requires estimates to be made for stage of completion and expected contract costs, revenue and profitability.

Management base their judgement of contract costs and revenue on the latest available information, which includes detailed contract valuations. Contract costs and revenue are affected by a variety of uncertainties that depend on the outcome of future events and often need to be revised as events unfold and uncertainties are resolved. The estimates are updated regularly and any impact reflected as appropriate.

Stocks must be values at the lower of cost and NRV less costs to sell. As the costing of stock impacts all balances that are not raw materials, there is a high potential magnitude of impact from misstatement.

An analysis of the company's turnover is as follows:

Grants received relate to Research and Development Expenditure Credit ("RDEC"), which is considered taxable income and recognised within other revenue. An associated tax charge is recorded within taxation.

The average monthly number of persons (including directors) employed by the company during the year was:

Their aggregate remuneration comprised:

The actual charge for the year can be reconciled to the expected charge/(credit) for the year based on the profit or loss and the standard rate of tax as follows:

In addition to the amount charged to the profit and loss account, the following amounts relating to tax have been recognised directly in other comprehensive income:

Impairment tests have been carried out where appropriate and the following impairment losses have been recognised in profit or loss:

During the year land and buildings held within freehold buildings were revalued on 6 September 2024 by Savills, independent valuers not connected with the company, on the basis of market value. The valuation conforms to International Valuation Standards and was based on recent market transactions on arm's length terms for similar properties.

Assumptions applied in estimating the fair value are that there is full vacant possession, the property is structurally sound and free from significant defects. The method involves assessing the location and condition of the propert, its age and intended use and comparing to similar market transactions.

If revalued assets were stated on an historical cost basis rather than a fair value basis, the total amounts included would have been as follows:

Amounts owed by group undertakings are interest free, unsecured and repayable on demand.

Amounts owed to group undertakings are interest free, unsecured and repayable on demand.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset where the company has a legally enforceable right to do so. The following is the analysis of the deferred tax balances (after offset) for financial reporting purposes:

The company operates a defined contribution pension scheme for all qualifying employees. The assets of the scheme are held separately from those of the company in an independently administered fund.

At the year end, the company had accrued for £24,549 (2023 - £6,037) of pension costs which had not been paid to the scheme provider.

The company is party to a cross company guarantee in respect of the bank facilities of all UK group companies. At the year end, the UK group had a liability of £18,000,000 (2023: £11,000,000) under the guarantee.

As at the date of approval of the financial statements, no default has occurred which would trigger the above liability, nor is one anticipated. As such, the directors consider that the fair value of this obligations is £nil and there is no recognition of a liability on the balance sheet.

Operating lease payments represent rentals payable by the company for motor vehicles and certain items of plant and machinery.

At the reporting end date the company had outstanding commitments for future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases, which fall due as follows:

The company does not have any transactions with staff who are considered to be key management personnel other than its directors, who received no remuneration in either the current or comparative year.

The company has taken advantage of the disclosure exemptions of Section 33.1A of FRS 102 which permit it to not present details of its transactions with members of the group headed by L.B. Foster Company where relevant group companies are all wholly owned. Details of outstanding balances as at the year end are given in notes 14 and 15.

The immediate parent company is L.B. Foster Rail Technologies (UK) Limited, a company registered in England and Wales. The ultimate parent company and controlling party is L.B. Foster Company, a company incorporated in the United States of America with registered office 415 Holiday Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15220. L.B. Foster Company is the smallest and largest group into which Tew Engineering Limited is consolidated.

Detail of the company's subsidiary at 31 December 2024 is as follows:

The above company has the same registered office as Tew Engineering Limited, which is c/o Mincoffs Solicitors LLP, 5 Osbourne Terrace, Jesmond, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 1SQ.

No directors' remuneration was paid by the company in either the current or prior year.

During the period it was identified that the company had not previously recognised historical changes to the assets held both tangible and intangible, and therefore the prior year comparatives have been restated to reflect the historical impact of this.