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Company Registration No. 07395451 (England and Wales)







LUCAS UK GROUP LIMITED

ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024




































Riordan O'Sullivan & Co
Chartered Certified Accountants and Statutory Auditors
40 Chamberlayne Road
London
NW10 3JE

 
LUCAS UK GROUP LIMITED
 
 
COMPANY INFORMATION


Directors
Mr D A Lucas 
Mrs D Lucas 




Registered number
07395451



Registered office
11 Invicta Business Park
London Road

Wrotham

TN15 7RJ




Independent auditors
Riordan O'Sullivan & Co.
Chartered Certified Accountants and Statutory Auditors

40 Chamberlayne Road

London

NW10 3JE




Bankers
HSBC
38 High St

Dartford

DA1 1DG





 
LUCAS UK GROUP LIMITED
 

CONTENTS



Page
Group Strategic Report
 
 
1 - 3
Directors' Report
 
 
4 - 5
Independent Auditors' Report
 
 
6 - 9
Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income
 
 
10
Consolidated Balance Sheet
 
 
11
Company Balance Sheet
 
 
12
Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity
 
 
13
Company Statement of Changes in Equity
 
 
14
Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
 
 
15 - 16
Consolidated Analysis of Net Debt
 
 
17
Notes to the Financial Statements
 
 
18 - 34


 
LUCAS UK GROUP LIMITED
 
 
GROUP STRATEGIC REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

Introduction
 
The directors present their strategic report together with the consolidated financial statements of the group for the year ended 31st December 2024.

Principal activity

Lucas UK Group Limited is the parent to a holding company S Lucas Group Limited and its two trading subsidiaries, namely: 
1. Lucas Finishing Specialists Limited - an established specialist spray and painting contractor with a track-record spanning seven decades operating within the top end of the UK Construction Industry mainly working for high-profile tier 1 contractors and blue-chip clients on landmark projects, primarily in the London market and which currently includes Elephant & Castle, One Leadenhall, Museum of London and Olympia.
2. Lucas Fit Out Limited - a specialist fit out division carrying out high profile fit out projects for tier 1 contractors and blue-chip clients including Bloomberg, Battersea Power Station and McClaren F1. 
In 2024, the directors made a deliberate decision to move away from high risk, low margin fit out projects (Lucas Fit Out Limited) and focus on its core painting and finishing service (Lucas Finishing Specialists Limited).
We continue to carry out projects for a broad spectrum of clients and contractors in sectors including commercial, residential, health, science, technology, retail, leisure and infrastructure.

The profit and loss account

The profit and loss account of the group for the year is set out on page 10. The results were in line with the expectations of the directors.

Review of the year

The directors are pleased to report that the group achieved profit of £957,000 from turnover of £15,830,000 despite continuing challenging economic conditions and global turbulence. 
All projects were completed and handed over in line with agreed contracts and to programme and we commend the skills and experience of our management team and highly motivated workforce that continued their focus on the quality delivery of our core activities that gave us a successful year.
Our thanks also go to the strong relationships we maintain with our supply chain who continue to give us a good service and products in recognition of decades of fair and prompt payment terms.
We continued our investment in our people, in health and safety, training and technology and were proud to surpass 4.5 million work hours RIDDOR free, attaining a number of key project safety awards from our clients. 
We thank our clients for the opportunity to work for them.

Page 1

 
LUCAS UK GROUP LIMITED
 

GROUP STRATEGIC REPORT (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

Future prospects

Our goal is to continue building a sustainable business that stands out in the painting and finishing sector of our market.
Our current contracts are progressing to programme, we have a satisfactory order book from well-established customers and we have a significant pipeline of potential opportunities.
We continue to invest in our people and resources.
We live in uncertain times where profit margins remain challenging.
There is reduced demand in our sector mainly caused by delayed starts to large construction projects which are awaiting the resolution of the Building Safety Act regulations. But when resolved we forecast increased demand for our services.
Furthermore, we have the continuing uncertainty caused by the geo-political climate and the new tariff implications all combining to keep investment confidence low, so caution remains the order of the day.
Our group had its origin in the 1960’s and we remain confident that our dedicated and experienced team and our reputation in our sector will continue the delivery of a consistent, timely and quality service to our valued customers and will generate profit and positive cashflow going forward.
The board remain committed to manage the business to remain efficient, profitable and competitive so as to match the market it operates in and to deliver a quality service and to be a key strategic partner of its customers, suppliers and stakeholders.

Principal risks and uncertainties

There are a number of uncertainties which could have an impact on the group’s performance and could cause results to differ substantially from historical profits and current projections. The directors are responsible for identifying, managing and mitigating risks. So, we have an experienced team and modern management systems and procedures in place to help avoid or mitigate risks to the group.
Our policy remains to carry out an in-depth analysis of every tender before submission and to have an experienced team to deliver the contracts we win.
The group’s credit risks are mainly attributable to the trade debtors and amounts recoverable on contracts. Our policy remains to have a good mix of long-standing blue-chip customers and we operate a modern and efficient financial management reporting system that monitors our customers and our debtors book on a day to day basis. The group does not have a concentration of credit risk with exposure spread over a number of blue-chip customers. Therefore, the directors are confident that they can meet their obligations as they fall due.
Our longstanding monthly Cost Value Reporting system and review meetings cover the operational, commercial and financial performance of every project and highlights in a timely manner any variances or cost-over-runs that need addressing.

History and family values

We had our origin in the 1960’s. We strive to retain the family ‘hands-on’ culture with all our directors actively involved with our employees, clients and projects. We adopt a modern approach based on traditional values, with a proud record of contracts completed on time, to the highest standards and with safe working practices. We work hard to maintain our reputation for consistency, quality, expertise and reliability and to be the contractor of choice. We strive to continue the long-term relationships we have with our customers by focusing on our core activities and our long-standing team and in house resources. 

Page 2

 
LUCAS UK GROUP LIMITED
 

GROUP STRATEGIC REPORT (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

Going concern

The Board of Directors is required to consider the group's ability to continue as a going concern over a period of at least 12 months from the date of approval of the financial statements. The directors are confident that the group can continue to trade successfully and to provide an excellent and reliable service to our customers for the foreseeable future because we have a satisfactory order book from well-established customers and we have good liquidity and funding arrangements in place if needed. 
Thus we continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the financial statements.

Our other responsibilities

Our people are our greatest asset. The on-going success of the group is attributable to the experience of our team of highly skilled and dedicated company directors ably supported by a well-developed organisational structure including contracts managers, project/site managers, site supervisors/foremen and a skilled workforce, underpinned by a strong commercial team and head office support function.
The directors believe that the long-term interests of the group, its employees and its customers are best served by acting in a corporate social manner. Therefore, the group ensures that high standards are maintained in everything that we do.
Our people and health and safety are at the heart of everything we do and our directors and health and safety professionals continue to monitor best health and safety working practices and developments.
During the year the group and its employees supported many worthy causes and charities and in conjunction with our clients we continue to offer employment to local tradespeople and support staff in our areas of operation and we continue to invest in upskilling and training.
We proudly maintain our independently verified certifications including ISO 9001, ISO 14001 & ISO 45001 and also hold the highest levels of accreditation with Achilles, Considerate Constructors, FORS, Building Confidence SSIP and Carbon Neutral Plus. These are a reflection of our diligent standards and high regard for safety, quality and sustainability.

The future

We are proud of our experienced team and our long history, so we look forward with confidence to continue the success of Lucas UK Group into the future.


This report was approved by the Board of Directors on 24 June 2025 and signed on its behalf.



___________________________
Mr D A Lucas
Director

Page 3

 
LUCAS UK GROUP LIMITED
 
 
DIRECTORS' REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

The directors present their report and the financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2024.

Directors' responsibilities statement

The directors are responsible for preparing the Group Strategic Report, the Directors' Report and the consolidated financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.
 
Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the directors have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice), including Financial Reporting Standard 102 ‘The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland'. Under company law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Company and the Group and of the profit or loss of the Group for that period.

 In preparing these financial statements, the directors are required to:


select suitable accounting policies for the Group's financial statements and then apply them consistently;

make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent;

prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the Group will continue in business.

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the Company's transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Company and the Group and to enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Company and the Group and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

Results and dividends

The profit for the year, after taxation, amounted to £708,572 (2023: £1,082,467).

The total distribution of dividends for the year ended 31 December 2024 will be £526,547 (2023: £85,000).

Directors

The directors who served during the year were:

Mr D A Lucas 
Mrs D Lucas 

Disclosure of information to auditors

Each of the persons who are directors at the time when this Directors' Report is approved has confirmed that:
 
so far as the director is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the Company and the Group's auditors are unaware, and

the director has taken all the steps that ought to have been taken as a director in order to be aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the Company and the Group's auditors are aware of that information.

Page 4

 
LUCAS UK GROUP LIMITED
 
 
DIRECTORS' REPORT (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

Post balance sheet events

There were no events since the year end which materially affected the group or company.

Auditors

Riordan O'Sullivan & Co., Chartered Certified Accountants and Statutory Auditors were appointed during the year and have expressed their wish to continue in office and are deemed to be reappointed.

This report was approved by the Board of Directors on 24 June 2025 and signed on its behalf.
 





___________________________
Mr D A Lucas
Director

Page 5

 
LUCAS UK GROUP LIMITED
 
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF LUCAS UK GROUP LIMITED
 

Opinion


We have audited the financial statements of Lucas UK Group Limited (the 'parent Company') and its subsidiaries (the 'Group') for the year ended 31 December 2024, which comprise the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income, the Consolidated Balance Sheet, the Company Balance Sheet, the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows, the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity, the Company Statement of Changes in Equity and the related notes, including a summary of significant accounting policiesThe financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including Financial Reporting Standard 102 ‘The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland' (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).


In our opinion the financial statements:


give a true and fair view of the state of the Group's and of the parent Company's affairs as at 31 December 2024 and of the Group's profit for the year then ended;
have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and
have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.


Basis for opinion


We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditors' responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the Group in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the United Kingdom, including the Financial Reporting Council's Ethical Standard and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.


Conclusions relating to going concern


In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate.


Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the Group's or the parent Company's ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue.


Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report.


Page 6

 
LUCAS UK GROUP LIMITED
 
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF LUCAS UK GROUP LIMITED (CONTINUED)

Other information


The other information comprises the information included in the Annual Report other than the financial statements and our Auditors' Report thereon. The directors are responsible for the other information contained within the Annual ReportOur opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact.


We have nothing to report in this regard.


Opinion on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006
 

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit:


the information given in the Group Strategic Report and the Directors' Report for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and
the Group Strategic Report and the Directors' Report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.


Matters on which we are required to report by exception
 

In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the Group and the parent Company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the Group Strategic Report or the Directors' Report.


We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:


adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent Company, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or
the parent Company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or
certain disclosures of directors' remuneration specified by law are not made; or
we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.


Responsibilities of directors
 

As explained more fully in the Directors' Responsibilities Statement set out on page 4, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.


In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the Group's and the parent Company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the Group or the parent Company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.


Page 7

 
LUCAS UK GROUP LIMITED
 
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF LUCAS UK GROUP LIMITED (CONTINUED)

Auditors' responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements
 

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an Auditors' Report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these Group financial statements.


Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud. The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below:

We obtained an understanding of the legal and regulatory framework applicable to the company and the industry in which it operates, through discussions with directors and senior management and from our commercial knowledge and experience of the construction industry.
We focused on specific laws and regulations which we considered may have a material effect on the financial statements or the operations of the company, including the Companies Act 2006, taxation legislation, data protection, anti-bribery, employment, environmental and health and safety legislation.
We assessed the extent of compliance with these laws and regulations through discussions and enquiry with directors and senior management. 
We assessed the susceptibility of the company’s financial statements to material misstatement, including how fraud might occur.
We considered the financial controls in place to mitigate risks of fraud and error, including the risk of management bias or override. We tested the appropriateness of journal entries that appeared unusual as to nature or amount.
Our audit procedures were designed to respond to the risks of material misstatement in the financial statements, recognising that the risk of not detecting a material misstatement due to fraud is higher than the risk of not detecting one resulting from error, as fraud may involve deliberate concealment or collusion. There are inherent limitations in the audit procedures performed and the further removed non-compliance with laws and regulations are from financial transactions, the less likely we are to become aware of it.


A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial Reporting Council's website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our Auditors' Report.


Use of our report
 

This report is made solely to the Company's members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the Company's members those matters we are required to state to them in an Auditors' Report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the Company and the Company's members, as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.


Page 8

 
LUCAS UK GROUP LIMITED
 
 
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT TO THE MEMBERS OF LUCAS UK GROUP LIMITED (CONTINUED)




Patrick McNamara (Senior Statutory Auditor)
for and on behalf of
Riordan O'Sullivan & Co.
Chartered Certified Accountants and Statutory Auditors
40 Chamberlayne Road
London
NW10 3JE

24 June 2025
Page 9

 
LUCAS UK GROUP LIMITED
 
 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

2024
2023
Note
£
£

  

Turnover
  
15,829,647
15,226,244

Cost of sales
  
(12,244,254)
(11,533,647)

Gross profit
  
3,585,393
3,692,597

Administrative expenses
  
(2,569,992)
(2,919,632)

Exceptional administrative expenses
  
(10,660)
(270,943)

Other operating income
  
-
1,053,211

Operating profit
  
1,004,741
1,555,233

Interest receivable and similar income
  
7,193
14,076

Interest payable and similar expenses
  
(55,332)
(347,198)

Profit before taxation
  
956,602
1,222,111

Taxation
  
(248,030)
(139,644)

Profit for the financial year
  
708,572
1,082,467

  

Profit for the year attributable to:
  

Owners of the parent Company
  
708,572
1,082,467

  
708,572
1,082,467

The notes on pages 18 to 34 form part of these financial statements.

Page 10

 
LUCAS UK GROUP LIMITED
REGISTERED NUMBER:07395451

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET
AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2024

2024
2023
Note
£
£

Fixed assets
  

Intangible assets
 15 
798,573
940,642

Tangible assets
 16 
202,956
303,755

  
1,001,529
1,244,397

Current assets
  

Stocks
 18 
152,776
182,043

Debtors: amounts falling due within one year
 19 
2,250,783
3,606,245

Cash at bank and in hand
 20 
1,582,628
350,657

  
3,986,187
4,138,945

Creditors: amounts falling due within one year
 21 
(2,049,235)
(2,151,341)

Net current assets
  
 
 
1,936,952
 
 
1,987,604

Total assets less current liabilities
  
2,938,481
3,232,001

Creditors: amounts falling due after more than one year
 22 
(1,610,062)
(2,059,535)

Provisions for liabilities
  

Deferred taxation
 26 
(36,025)
(62,097)

  
 
 
(36,025)
 
 
(62,097)

Net assets
  
1,292,394
1,110,369


Capital and reserves
  

Called up share capital 
  
7,954
534,501

Share premium account
  
1,775
1,775

Capital redemption reserve
  
1,154,810
628,263

Profit and loss account
  
127,855
(54,170)

  
1,292,394
1,110,369


The financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the Board of Directors and were signed on its behalf on 24 June 2025.

___________________________
Mr D A Lucas
Director

The notes on pages 18 to 34 form part of these financial statements.

Page 11

 
LUCAS UK GROUP LIMITED
REGISTERED NUMBER:07395451

COMPANY BALANCE SHEET
AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2024

2024
2023
Note
£
£

Fixed assets
  

Investments
 17 
3,549,419
3,549,419

  
3,549,419
3,549,419

Current assets
  

Debtors: amounts falling due within one year
 19 
1,722,211
2,037,211

Cash at bank and in hand
 20 
3,879
2,616

  
1,726,090
2,039,827

Creditors: amounts falling due within one year
 21 
(1,644,303)
(1,558,040)

Net current assets
  
 
 
81,787
 
 
481,787

Total assets less current liabilities
  
3,631,206
4,031,206

  

Creditors: amounts falling due after more than one year
 22 
(1,466,667)
(1,866,667)

  

Net assets excluding pension asset
  
2,164,539
2,164,539

Net assets
  
2,164,539
2,164,539


Capital and reserves
  

Called up share capital 
  
7,954
534,501

Share premium account
  
1,775
1,775

Capital redemption reserve
  
1,154,810
628,263

Other reserves
  
1,000,000
1,000,000

  
2,164,539
2,164,539


The financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the Board of Directors and were signed on its behalf on 24 June 2025.


___________________________
Mr D A Lucas
Director

The notes on pages 18 to 34 form part of these financial statements.

Page 12
 

LUCAS UK GROUP LIMITED
 
 
 


CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024



Called up share capital
Share premium account
Capital redemption reserve
Profit and loss account
Total equity


£
£
£
£
£



At 1 January 2023
534,501
1,775
628,263
(1,051,637)
112,902



Comprehensive income for the year


Profit for the year
-
-
-
1,082,467
1,082,467



Contributions by and distributions to owners


Dividends: Equity capital
-
-
-
(85,000)
(85,000)





At 1 January 2024
534,501
1,775
628,263
(54,170)
1,110,369



Comprehensive income for the year


Profit for the year
-
-
-
708,572
708,572


Preference shares redeemed
(526,547)
-
526,547
-
-

Total comprehensive income for the year
(526,547)
-
526,547
708,572
708,572



Contributions by and distributions to owners


Transfer to/from profit and loss account
-
-
-
(526,547)
(526,547)



At 31 December 2024
7,954
1,775
1,154,810
127,855
1,292,394



The notes on pages 18 to 34 form part of these financial statements.

Page 13

 

LUCAS UK GROUP LIMITED
 
 
 


COMPANY STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024



Called up share capital
Share premium account
Capital redemption reserve
Other reserves
Profit and loss account
Total equity


£
£
£
£
£
£



At 1 January 2023
534,501
1,775
628,263
1,000,000
-
2,164,539





At 1 January 2024
534,501
1,775
628,263
1,000,000
-
2,164,539



Comprehensive income for the year


Profit for the year
-
-
-
-
526,547
526,547


Preference shares redeemed
(526,547)
-
526,547
-
-
-


Transfer to/from profit and loss account
-
-
-
-
(526,547)
(526,547)



At 31 December 2024
7,954
1,775
1,154,810
1,000,000
-
2,164,539



The notes on pages 18 to 34 form part of these financial statements.

Page 14
 
LUCAS UK GROUP LIMITED
 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

2024
2023
£
£

Cash flows from operating activities

Profit for the financial year
708,572
1,082,467

Adjustments for:

Amortisation of intangible assets
140,451
140,547

Depreciation of tangible assets
93,068
140,907

Loss on disposal of tangible assets
7,503
5,778

Interest paid
55,332
347,198

Interest received
(7,193)
(14,076)

Taxation charge
248,030
139,644

Decrease in stocks
29,267
39,011

Decrease in debtors
1,355,463
223,697

(Decrease) in creditors
(14,616)
(450,120)

Corporation tax (paid)
(157,311)
(43,846)

Exceptional income
-
(1,000,000)

Exceptional loss
-
270,943

Net cash generated from operating activities

2,458,566
882,150


Cash flows from investing activities

Sale of intangible assets
1,617
-

Purchase of tangible fixed assets
(19,567)
(6,000)

Sale of tangible fixed assets
19,794
23,482

Interest received
7,193
14,076

HP interest paid
(18,467)
(19,349)

Net cash from investing activities

(9,430)
12,209

Cash flows from financing activities

Repayment of loans
(400,000)
(600,000)

Repayment of finance leases
(65,886)
(67,614)

Dividends paid
-
(85,000)

Interest paid
(36,865)
(327,849)

Redemption of preference shares
(526,547)
-

Amount withdrawn by directors
-
(384,891)

Amount introduced by directors
-
33,884

Cash at the beginning of the year
-
516,203

Net cash used in financing activities
(1,029,298)
(915,267)

Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
1,419,838
(20,908)
Page 15

 
LUCAS UK GROUP LIMITED
 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024


2024
2023

£
£


Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
(20,908)
-

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of year
1,398,930
(20,908)


Cash and cash equivalents at the end of year comprise:

Cash at bank and in hand
1,582,628
350,657

Bank overdrafts
(183,698)
(371,565)

1,398,930
(20,908)


The notes on pages 18 to 34 form part of these financial statements.

Page 16

 
LUCAS UK GROUP LIMITED
 

CONSOLIDATED ANALYSIS OF NET DEBT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024




At 1 January 2024
Cash flows
At 31 December 2024
£

£

£

Cash at bank and in hand

350,657

1,231,971

1,582,628

Bank overdrafts

(371,565)

187,867

(183,698)

Debt due after 1 year

(1,866,667)

400,000

(1,466,667)

Debt due within 1 year

(410,066)

(3,394)

(413,460)

Finance leases

(229,095)

65,886

(163,209)


(2,526,736)
1,882,330
(644,406)

The notes on pages 18 to 34 form part of these financial statements.

Page 17

 
LUCAS UK GROUP LIMITED
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

1.


General information

Lucas UK Group Limited is a private company limited by shares incorporated in England and Wales. The registered office is 11 Invicta Business Park, London Road, Wrotham, Kent, TN15 7RJ.
The group consists of Lucas UK Group Limited and all of its subsidiaries.

2.Accounting policies

 
2.1

Basis of preparation of financial statements

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention unless otherwise specified within these accounting policies and in accordance with Financial Reporting Standard 102, the Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and the Republic of Ireland and the Companies Act 2006.

The Company has taken advantage of the exemption allowed under section 408 of the Companies Act 2006 and has not presented its own Statement of Comprehensive Income in these financial statements.

The financial statements are prepared in sterling which is the functional currency of the group.

  
2.2

Basis of consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and its subsidiary undertakings up to 31 December 2024. The acquisition method of accounting has been adopted. Under this method, the results of subsidiary undertakings acquired in the year are included in the consolidated profit and loss account from the date of acquisition.

 
2.3

Basis of consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the company and its subsidiary undertakings up to 31 December 2024. The acquisition method of accounting has been adopted. Under this method, the results of subsidiary undertakings acquired in the year are included in the consolidated profit and loss account from the date of acquisition.

  
2.4

Going concern

The Strategic Report sets out the group's business activities and highlights the factors which may impact on its financial performance, market position and future prospects. 
The Strategic Report also provides information in relation to the group's healthy financial position, cashflow and liquidity as well as its principal risks and uncertainties.
The group has considerable financial resources without the need to resort to bank or any other form of borrowing and it has a substantial order book for the twelve months from the date of approval of these financial statements.
As a consequence, the directors believe that the group is well placed to manage its business risks successfully and continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. Thus they continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting in preparing these financial statements.

Page 18

 
LUCAS UK GROUP LIMITED
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

2.Accounting policies (continued)

  
2.5

Revenue

Turnover represents works performed by the group (excluding value added tax) in respect of goods and services provided in the ordinary course of business. Turnover is recognised once recoverability is deemed reasonably certain. It includes sales and all invoiced completed contracts together with the value of work certified on contracts in progress where profit can be ascertained. Retentions, claims and damages are credited to turnover when released by the customer.

 
2.6

Operating leases: the Group as lessee

Rentals paid under operating leases are charged to profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

Benefits received and receivable as an incentive to sign an operating lease are recognised on a straight-line basis over the lease term, unless another systematic basis is representative of the time pattern of the lessee's benefit from the use of the leased asset.

 
2.7

Interest income

Interest income is recognised in profit or loss using the effective interest method.

 
2.8

Finance costs

Finance costs are charged to profit or loss over the term of the debt using the effective interest method so that the amount charged is at a constant rate on the carrying amount. Issue costs are initially recognised as a reduction in the proceeds of the associated capital instrument.

 
2.9

Borrowing costs

All borrowing costs are recognised in profit or loss in the year in which they are incurred.

 
2.10

Pensions

Defined contribution pension plan

The Group operates a defined contribution plan for its employees. A defined contribution plan is a pension plan under which the Group pays fixed contributions into a separate entity. Once the contributions have been paid the Group has no further payment obligations.

The contributions are recognised as an expense in profit or loss when they fall due. Amounts not paid are shown in accruals as a liability in the Balance Sheet. The assets of the plan are held separately from the Group in independently administered funds.

Page 19

 
LUCAS UK GROUP LIMITED
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

2.Accounting policies (continued)

 
2.11

Current and deferred taxation

The tax expense for the year comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in profit or loss except that a charge attributable to an item of income and expense recognised as other comprehensive income or to an item recognised directly in equity is also recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively.

The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date in the countries where the Company and the Group operate and generate income.

Deferred tax balances are recognised in respect of all timing differences that have originated but not reversed by the balance sheet date, except that:
The recognition of deferred tax assets is limited to the extent that it is probable that they will be recovered against the reversal of deferred tax liabilities or other future taxable profits;
Any deferred tax balances are reversed if and when all conditions for retaining associated tax allowances have been met; and
Where they relate to timing differences in respect of interests in subsidiaries, associates, branches and joint ventures and the Group can control the reversal of the timing differences and such reversal is not considered probable in the foreseeable future.

Deferred tax balances are not recognised in respect of permanent differences except in respect of business combinations, when deferred tax is recognised on the differences between the fair values of assets acquired and the future tax deductions available for them and the differences between the fair values of liabilities acquired and the amount that will be assessed for tax. Deferred tax is determined using tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date.


 
2.12

Exceptional items

Exceptional items are transactions that fall within the ordinary activities of the Group but are presented separately due to their size or incidence.

  
2.13

Intangible assets

Intangible assets are stated at cost less amortisation. Amortisation is provided at rates calculated to write off the cost of intangible assets, less their estimated residual value, over their expected useful lives from the year in which they come into use, on the following basis:
Patents and licences - 10% on cost
Computer software development - 10% on cost

 
2.14

Tangible fixed assets

Tangible fixed assets under the cost model are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation and any accumulated impairment losses. Historical cost includes expenditure that is directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to be capable of operating in the manner intended by management.

Page 20

 
LUCAS UK GROUP LIMITED
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

2.Accounting policies (continued)


2.14
Tangible fixed assets (continued)

Depreciation is charged so as to allocate the cost of assets less their residual value over their estimated useful lives, on a reducing balance basis.

Depreciation is provided on the following basis:

Improvements to property
-
10% on cost
Plant and machinery
-
25% on reducing balance
Motor vehicles
-
25% on cost and 25% on reducing balance
Fixtures and fittings
-
20% - 33% on reducing balance

The assets' residual values, useful lives and depreciation methods are reviewed, and adjusted prospectively if appropriate, or if there is an indication of a significant change since the last reporting date.

Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing the proceeds with the carrying amount and are recognised in profit or loss.

 
2.15

Valuation of investments

Investments in subsidiaries are measured at cost less accumulated impairment.

Investments in unlisted Group shares, whose market value can be reliably determined, are remeasured to market value at each balance sheet date. Gains and losses on remeasurement are recognised in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income for the period. Where market value cannot be reliably determined, such investments are stated at historic cost less impairment.

 
2.16

Stocks

Stocks are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value, being the estimated selling price less costs to complete and sell. Cost is based on the cost of purchase on a first in, first out basis. Work in progress and finished goods include labour and attributable overheads.

At each balance sheet date, stocks are assessed for impairment. If stock is impaired, the carrying amount is reduced to its selling price less costs to complete and sell. The impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss.

 
2.17

Debtors

Short-term debtors are measured at transaction price, less any impairment. Loans receivable are measured initially at fair value, net of transaction costs, and are measured subsequently at amortised cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment.

Page 21

 
LUCAS UK GROUP LIMITED
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

2.Accounting policies (continued)

 
2.18

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash is represented by cash in hand and deposits with financial institutions repayable without penalty on notice of not more than 24 hours. Cash equivalents are highly liquid investments that mature in no more than three months from the date of acquisition and that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash with insignificant risk of change in value.

In the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows, cash and cash equivalents are shown net of bank overdrafts that are repayable on demand and form an integral part of the Group's cash management.

 
2.19

Creditors

Short-term creditors are measured at the transaction price. Other financial liabilities, including bank loans, are measured initially at fair value, net of transaction costs, and are measured subsequently at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

 
2.20

Provisions for liabilities

Provisions are recognised when an event has taken place that gives rise to a legal or constructive obligation, a transfer of economic benefits is probable and a reliable estimate can be made.
Provisions are measured as the best estimate of the amount required to settle the obligation, taking into account the related risks and uncertainties.
 
Increases in provisions are generally charged as an expense to profit or loss.

  
2.21

Financial instruments

The Group has elected to apply the provisons of Section 11 ''Basic Financial Instruments'' of FRS 102 to all of its financial instruments. 
Financial instruments are recognised in the Group's Balance Sheet when the Group becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument. 
Financial assets and liabilities are offset with the net amounts presented in the financial statements, where there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is the intention to settle on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

 
2.22

Dividends

Equity dividends are recognised when they become legally payable. Interim equity dividends are recognised when paid. Final equity dividends are recognised when approved by the shareholders at an annual general meeting.

Page 22

 
LUCAS UK GROUP LIMITED
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

3.


Judgements in applying accounting policies and key sources of estimation uncertainty

The preparation of financial statements under FRS 102 requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts recognised for assets and liabilities at the balance sheet date and the amounts of revenue and expenses incurred during the year. Actual outcomes may therefore differ from these estimates and assumptions. The estimates and assumptions that have the most significant impact on the carrying values of assets and liabilities of the group within the next financial year are detailed as follows:
Long term contracts
Recognition of revenue and profit on long term contracts requires management judgement regarding the anticipated final outcome of individual contracts and the portion of works completed at the balance sheet date. Management undertakes detailed reviews on a monthly basis in order to exercise judgement over the outcome of each contract and the associated risks and opportunities.
Tangible fixed assets
The annual depreciation charges for plant and machinery are sensitive to changes in the useful economic lives and residual values of the assets. The useful economic lives and residual values are re-assessed annually. They are amended when necessary to reflect current estimates, based on technological advancement, future investments and economic utilisation of the assets.


4.


Turnover

An analysis of turnover by class of business is as follows:


2024
2023
£
£

Sales
15,829,647
15,226,244


Analysis of turnover by country of destination:

2024
2023
£
£

United Kingdom
15,829,647
15,226,244



5.


Other operating income

2024
2023
£
£

Exceptional item
-
1,000,000

Rent receivable
-
53,211

-
1,053,211


Page 23

 
LUCAS UK GROUP LIMITED
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

6.


Operating profit

The operating profit is stated after charging:

2024
2023
£
£

Other operating lease rentals
126,651
188,721


7.


Auditors' remuneration

Fees payable to the Group's auditors in respect of: 


2024
2023
£
£

Audit services
18,800
17,600

Accountancy and taxation services
19,980
20,270


8.


Employees

Staff costs, including directors' remuneration, were as follows:


Group
Group
2024
2023
£
£


Wages and salaries
1,674,526
1,876,985

Social security costs
187,536
215,110

Pension costs
42,434
52,103

1,904,496
2,144,198


The average monthly number of employees, including the directors, during the year was as follows:



Group
Group
Company
Company
        2024
        2023
        2024
        2023
            No.
            No.
            No.
            No.









Directors and administration
8
14
2
2



Operations
20
15
-
-

28
29
2
2

Page 24

 
LUCAS UK GROUP LIMITED
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

9.


Directors' remuneration

2024
2023
£
£

Directors' emoluments
19,935
11,702



10.


Interest receivable

2024
2023
£
£


Other interest receivable
7,193
14,076


11.


Interest payable and similar expenses

2024
2023
£
£


Bank interest payable
36,865
89,886

Other loan interest payable
-
237,963

Finance leases and hire purchase contracts
18,467
19,349

55,332
347,198


12.


Taxation


2024
2023
£
£

Corporation tax


Current tax on profits for the year
274,102
157,311


Deferred tax


Origination and reversal of timing differences
(26,072)
(17,667)


248,030
139,644
Page 25

 
LUCAS UK GROUP LIMITED
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
 
12.Taxation (continued)


Factors affecting tax charge for the year

The tax assessed for the year is higher than (2023 - lower than) the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK of 25% (2023 - 23.520%). The differences are explained below:

2024
2023
£
£


Profit on ordinary activities before tax
956,602
1,222,111


Profit on ordinary activities multiplied by standard rate of corporation tax in the UK of 25% (2023 : 23.520%)
242,559
287,441

Effects of:


Expenses not deductible for tax purposes
13,145
8,857

Depreciation in excess of capital allowances for year
20,969
76,625

Movement on provisions
-
(202)

Other adjustments
(28,643)
2,129

Exceptional items
-
(235,206)

Total tax charge for the year
248,030
139,644


13.


Dividends

2024
2023
£
£


Dividends payable
-
85,000


14.


Exceptional items

2024
2023
£
£


Write off of leasehold property improvements
-
197,236

Loss on disposal of other fixed assets
10,660
2,693

Additional depreciation of leasehold property improvements
-
71,014

10,660
270,943

Page 26

 
LUCAS UK GROUP LIMITED
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

15.


Intangible assets

Group and Company





Patents
Computer software
Goodwill
Total

£
£
£
£



Cost


At 1 January 2024
49,079
46,500
2,672,691
2,768,270


Disposals
(29,606)
-
-
(29,606)



At 31 December 2024

19,473
46,500
2,672,691
2,738,664



Amortisation


At 1 January 2024
41,395
33,300
1,752,934
1,827,629


Charge for the year
2,166
4,650
133,635
140,451


On disposals
(27,989)
-
-
(27,989)



At 31 December 2024

15,572
37,950
1,886,569
1,940,091



Net book value



At 31 December 2024
3,901
8,550
786,122
798,573



At 31 December 2023
7,684
13,201
919,757
940,642



Page 27

 
LUCAS UK GROUP LIMITED
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

16.


Tangible fixed assets

Group






Improvements to property
Plant and machinery
Motor vehicles
Fixtures and fittings
Total

£
£
£
£
£



Cost or valuation


At 1 January 2024
186,411
197,026
337,110
751,011
1,471,558


Additions
-
-
-
19,567
19,567


Disposals
-
(195,125)
(97,040)
(699,315)
(991,480)



At 31 December 2024

186,411
1,901
240,070
71,263
499,645



Depreciation


At 1 January 2024
128,379
186,690
139,437
713,297
1,167,803


Charge for the year
10,751
1,785
66,833
13,700
93,069


Disposals
-
(187,101)
(92,415)
(684,667)
(964,183)



At 31 December 2024

139,130
1,374
113,855
42,330
296,689



Net book value



At 31 December 2024
47,281
527
126,215
28,933
202,956



At 31 December 2023
58,032
10,336
197,673
37,714
303,755




The net book value of land and buildings may be further analysed as follows:


2024
2023
£
£

Short leasehold
47,281
58,032


Page 28

 
LUCAS UK GROUP LIMITED
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

17.


Fixed asset investments

Company





Investments in subsidiary companies

£



Cost or valuation


At 1 January 2024
3,549,419



At 31 December 2024
3,549,419





Subsidiary undertakings


The following were subsidiary undertakings of the Company and whose registered office is at 11 Invicta Business Park, Wrotham, Kent, TN15 7RJ.

Name

Principal activity

Class of shares

Holding

S Lucas Group Limited
Parent company
Ordinary
100%
Lucas Finishing Specialists Limited
Painting contractors
Ordinary
100%
Lucas Fit Out Limited
Fit-out contractors
Ordinary
100%
Lucas Prime Developments Limited
Dormant
Ordinary
100%
Mural-Plast (UK) Limited
Dormant
Ordinary
100%


18.


Stocks

Group
Group
2024
2023
£
£

Raw materials and consumables
152,776
182,043


Page 29

 
LUCAS UK GROUP LIMITED
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

19.


Debtors

Group
Group
Company
Company
2024
2023
2024
2023
£
£
£
£


Trade debtors
354,674
670,311
-
-

Amounts recoverable on long-term contracts
1,341,309
1,363,054
-
-

Amounts owed by group undertakings
-
-
1,722,211
2,037,211

Other debtors
468,657
1,423,540
-
-

Prepayments and accrued income
86,143
149,340
-
-

2,250,783
3,606,245
1,722,211
2,037,211



20.


Cash and cash equivalents

Group
Group
Company
Company
2024
2023
2024
2023
£
£
£
£

Cash at bank and in hand
1,582,628
350,657
3,879
2,616

Less: bank overdrafts
(183,698)
(371,565)
-
-

1,398,930
(20,908)
3,879
2,616



21.


Creditors: Amounts falling due within one year

Group
Group
Company
Company
2024
2023
2024
2023
£
£
£
£

Bank overdrafts
183,698
371,565
-
-

Bank loans
400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000

Trade creditors
242,733
374,489
-
-

Amounts owed to group undertakings
-
-
1,176,460
1,157,750

Corporation tax
274,102
157,311
-
-

Other taxation and social security
306,124
289,075
-
-

Hire purchase contracts
19,814
36,227
-
-

Other creditors and accruals
622,764
522,674
67,843
290

2,049,235
2,151,341
1,644,303
1,558,040


Page 30

 
LUCAS UK GROUP LIMITED
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

22.


Creditors: Amounts falling due after more than one year

Group
Group
Company
Company
2024
2023
2024
2023
£
£
£
£

Bank loans
166,667
566,667
166,667
566,667

Other loans
1,300,000
1,300,000
1,300,000
1,300,000

Hire purchase contracts
143,395
192,868
-
-

1,610,062
2,059,535
1,466,667
1,866,667





23.


Loans


Analysis of the maturity of loans is given below:


Group
Group
Company
Company
2024
2023
2024
2023
£
£
£
£

Amounts falling due within one year

Bank loans
400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000


400,000
400,000
400,000
400,000

Amounts falling due 1-2 years

Bank loans
166,667
566,667
166,667
566,667

Other loans
1,300,000
1,300,000
1,300,000
1,300,000


1,466,667
1,866,667
1,466,667
1,866,667



1,866,667
2,266,667
1,866,667
2,266,667


Page 31

 
LUCAS UK GROUP LIMITED
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

24.


Hire purchase and finance leases


Minimum lease payments under hire purchase fall due as follows:

Group
Group
2024
2023
£
£

Within one year
19,814
36,227

Between 1-5 years
143,395
192,868

163,209
229,095


25.


Financial instruments

Group
Group
Company
Company
2024
2023
2024
2023
£
£
£
£

Financial assets

Financial assets measured at fair value through profit or loss
1,582,628
350,657
3,879
2,616

Financial assets that are debt instruments measured at amortised cost
2,103,987
3,456,905
1,722,111
2,037,211

3,686,615
3,807,562
1,725,990
2,039,827


Financial liabilities

Financial liabilities measured at amortised cost
(3,366,864)
(4,037,564)
(2,876,460)
(2,857,750)

Page 32

 
LUCAS UK GROUP LIMITED
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

26.


Deferred taxation


Group and company





2024


£






At beginning of year
(62,097)


Charged to profit or loss
26,072



At end of year
(36,025)









Group
Group
2024
2023
£
£

Tax movement in year
(36,025)
(62,097)

(36,025)
(62,097)


27.


Pension commitments

The Group operates a defined contributions pension scheme. The assets of the scheme are held separately from those of the Group in an independently administered fund. The pension cost represents contributions payable by the Group to the fund and amounted to £42,434 (2023: £52,353). Contributions totalling £18,631 (2023: £13,012) were payable to the fund at the balance sheet date and included in creditors.


28.


Commitments under operating leases

At 31 December 2024 the Group and the Company had future minimum lease payments due under non-cancellable operating leases for each of the following periods:


Group
Group
2024
2023
£
£

Not later than 1 year
74,880
74,880

Later than 1 year and not later than 5 years
18,720
243,360

93,600
318,240

Page 33

 
LUCAS UK GROUP LIMITED
 
 
NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

29.


Transactions with directors

As at 31 December 2024, £285,877 was due to the group by the directors (2023: £456,400). Amounts owed to and from the directors are unsecured and repayable on demand. Interest is charged at the beneficial loan interest rates.


30.


Related party transactions

Further guarantee is given by the director to secure all liabilities of subsidiary companies, limited to £650,000, supported by a mortgage over a freehold property owned by the director.


31.


Post balance sheet events

There were no events since the year end which materially affected the group or company.

 
Page 34