| REGISTERED NUMBER: 12341092 (England and Wales) |
| GROUP STRATEGIC REPORT, |
| REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS AND |
| CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
| FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024 |
| FOR |
| C.A.S.C. HOLDINGS LIMITED |
| REGISTERED NUMBER: 12341092 (England and Wales) |
| GROUP STRATEGIC REPORT, |
| REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS AND |
| CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
| FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024 |
| FOR |
| C.A.S.C. HOLDINGS LIMITED |
| C.A.S.C. HOLDINGS LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 12341092) |
| CONTENTS OF THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
| for the Year Ended 31 December 2024 |
| Page |
| Company Information | 1 |
| Group Strategic Report | 2 |
| Report of the Directors | 4 |
| Report of the Independent Auditors | 6 |
| Consolidated Income Statement | 10 |
| Consolidated Other Comprehensive Income | 11 |
| Consolidated Statement of Financial Position | 12 |
| Company Statement of Financial Position | 13 |
| Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity | 14 |
| Company Statement of Changes in Equity | 15 |
| Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows | 16 |
| Notes to the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows | 17 |
| Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements | 19 |
| C.A.S.C. HOLDINGS LIMITED |
| COMPANY INFORMATION |
| for the Year Ended 31 December 2024 |
| DIRECTORS: |
| REGISTERED OFFICE: |
| REGISTERED NUMBER: |
| AUDITORS: |
| Statutory Auditor |
| Chartered Accountants |
| Douglas Bank House |
| Wigan Lane |
| Wigan |
| Lancashire |
| WN1 2TB |
| BANKERS: | Lloyds Bank Plc |
| Market Street |
| Wigan |
| WN1 1JN |
| C.A.S.C. HOLDINGS LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 12341092) |
| GROUP STRATEGIC REPORT |
| for the Year Ended 31 December 2024 |
| The directors present their strategic report of the company and the group for the year ended 31 December 2024. |
| REVIEW OF BUSINESS |
| The principal activity of the Group is the supply of electrical products and lighting design. The Group's strategy is to achieve long term sustained and profitable growth while also providing an environment for our staff to develop and grow their experience and careers within the business. |
| The Group had another successful year with turnover exceeding £16m for a third year in succession. |
| The Group has built on its relationships with suppliers after becoming a member of the Associated Independent Electrical Wholesalers buying group. This relationship has improved the Group's buying power and trade terms which have contributed to the improvement in GP% compared to last year. |
| During the year the Group has invested a substantial amount of time and resources improving the infrastructure, administration and sales as well as developing relationships in new market sectors. We are grateful to our staff, customers and suppliers for their continued loyalty and support throughout 2023 and look forward to building and strengthening these relationships in 2024. |
| Financial key performance indicators |
| 2024 | 2023 |
| £ | £ |
| Turnover | 16,560,424 | 16,221,453 |
| Gross profit | 4,369,278 | 4,157,749 |
| Gross profit % | 26.38% | 25.63% |
| EBITDA | 400,904 | 533,800 |
| Cash at Bank and Cash equivalents | 190,769 | 149,989 |
| Operational review |
| The Board are pleased to report that in 2024, sales and gross profit have increased from the previous year and report a healthy profit for the year. |
| Our plans for the future continue to be the investment in our staff, IT, and internal processes. We also aim to strengthen our presence in existing and new markets and develop the services we can offer our customers. |
| Our people |
| The success of any business is due to the quality and leadership of its team members. Our staff continue to demonstrate great loyalty, commitment drive and skills and our colleagues are key to the Company and its continued success. |
| Sales and competition |
| The directors review sales and forecasts on a daily basis. The company maintains a good order book and a considerable amount of efforts are put in to maintain customer activities. |
| Intense competition continues between regional firms who operate with exceptionally low margins, driving down gross margins and financial returns. |
| C.A.S.C. HOLDINGS LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 12341092) |
| GROUP STRATEGIC REPORT |
| for the Year Ended 31 December 2024 |
| PRINCIPAL RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES |
| The following are the principal risk factors, which could materially impact the Group's future operating profits or financial position. The Group has embedded systems and controls to monitor and actively manage each of these potential exposures with regular reviews and proactive management of these risks. |
| Supplier costs and risks |
| Significant changes in supplier terms leading to price increases in raw materials and supply chain difficulties due to world economic issues. |
| Import carriage charges have increased as a result of global events, which have also contributed to additional delays receiving goods causing a disruption in the supply chain. |
| Credit risk |
| Appropriate credit checks are undertaken on all potential customers before liabilities are incurred. Individual exposures are monitored on an ongoing basis to ensure bad debts are minimised. |
| A credit insurance policy is in place to further reduce risk of material bad debts. |
| Liquidity risk |
| Senior Management monitors cash flow constantly to ensure sufficient funds are available for all requirements. |
| ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD: |
| C.A.S.C. HOLDINGS LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 12341092) |
| REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS |
| for the Year Ended 31 December 2024 |
| The directors present their report with the financial statements of the company and the group for the year ended 31 December 2024. |
| PRINCIPAL ACTIVITY |
| The principal activity of the group in the year under review was that of suppliers of electrical products and lighting design. |
| DIVIDENDS |
| The total distribution of dividends for the year ended 31 December 2024 was £1,000 (2023 - £4,000). |
| DIRECTORS |
| The directors shown below have held office during the whole of the period from 1 January 2024 to the date of this report. |
| CHARITABLE DONATIONS AND EXPENDITURE |
| Donations of £3,715 (2023 - £1,297) have been made by the company during the year. |
| STATEMENT OF DIRECTORS' RESPONSIBILITIES |
| The directors are responsible for preparing the Group Strategic Report, the Report of the Directors and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations. |
| Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the directors have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (United Kingdom Accounting Standards and applicable law). Under company law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the company and the group and of the profit or loss of the group for that period. In preparing these financial statements, the directors are required to: |
| - | select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; |
| - | make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent; |
| - | prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the company will continue in business. |
| The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the company's and the group's transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the company and the group and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the company and the group and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities. |
| C.A.S.C. HOLDINGS LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 12341092) |
| REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS |
| for the Year Ended 31 December 2024 |
| STATEMENT AS TO DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION TO AUDITORS |
| So far as the directors are aware, there is no relevant audit information (as defined by Section 418 of the Companies Act 2006) of which the group's auditors are unaware, and each director has taken all the steps that he or she ought to have taken as a director in order to make himself or herself aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the group's auditors are aware of that information. |
| ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD: |
| REPORT OF THE INDEPENDENT AUDITORS TO THE MEMBERS OF |
| C.A.S.C. HOLDINGS LIMITED |
| Opinion |
| We have audited the financial statements of C.A.S.C. Holdings Limited (the 'parent company') and its subsidiaries (the 'group') for the year ended 31 December 2024 which comprise the Consolidated Income Statement, Consolidated Other Comprehensive Income, Consolidated Statement of Financial Position, Company Statement of Financial Position, Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity, Company Statement of Changes in Equity, Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows and Notes to the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows, Notes to the Financial Statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including Financial Reporting Standard 102 'The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland' (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice). |
| In our opinion the financial statements: |
| - | give a true and fair view of the state of the group's and of the parent company affairs as at 31 December 2024 and of the group's profit for the year then ended; |
| - | have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and |
| - | have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006. |
| Basis for opinion |
| We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditors' responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the group in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC's Ethical Standard, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. |
| Conclusions relating to going concern |
| In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate. |
| Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the group's and the parent company's ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue. |
| Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report. |
| Other information |
| The directors are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information in the Group Strategic Report and the Report of the Directors, but does not include the financial statements and our Report of the Auditors thereon. |
| Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. |
| In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard. |
| Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006 |
| In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit: |
| - | the information given in the Group Strategic Report and the Report of the Directors for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and |
| - | the Group Strategic Report and the Report of the Directors have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements. |
| REPORT OF THE INDEPENDENT AUDITORS TO THE MEMBERS OF |
| C.A.S.C. HOLDINGS LIMITED |
| Matters on which we are required to report by exception |
| In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the group and the parent company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the Group Strategic Report or the Report of the Directors. |
| We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters where the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion: |
| - | adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or |
| - | the parent company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or |
| - | certain disclosures of directors' remuneration specified by law are not made; or |
| - | we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit. |
| Responsibilities of directors |
| As explained more fully in the Statement of Directors' Responsibilities set out on page four, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. |
| In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the group's and the parent company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the group or the parent company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so. |
| REPORT OF THE INDEPENDENT AUDITORS TO THE MEMBERS OF |
| C.A.S.C. HOLDINGS LIMITED |
| Auditors' responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements |
| Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue a Report of the Auditors that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements. |
| The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below: |
| - we identified the laws and regulations applicable to the group and company through discussions with directors and other |
| management, focusing on those that had a direct effect on the financial statements or that had a fundamental effect on it's operations. Key laws and regulations that we identified included the UK Companies Act, tax legislation, employment legislation, Health and Safety and hygiene regulations. |
| - we enquired of the directors and reviewed correspondence with HMRC for evidence of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We also reviewed controls the directors have in place to ensure compliance. |
| We assessed the susceptibility of the group's and company's financial statements to material misstatement, including obtaining an understanding of how fraud might occur, by: |
| - making enquiries of management as to where they considered there was susceptibility to fraud, their knowledge of |
| actual, suspected and alleged fraud; and |
| - considering the internal controls in place to mitigate risks of fraud and non-compliance with laws and regulations. |
| - performed analytical procedures to identify any unusual or unexpected relationships; |
| - tested journal entries to identify unusual transactions; |
| - assessed whether judgements and assumptions made in determining the accounting estimates were indicative of |
| potential bias. |
| - we reviewed financial statements disclosures and tested to supporting documentation to assess compliance with relevant laws and regulations discussed above; |
| - we enquired of the directors about actual and potential litigation and claims. |
| Due to inherent limitations of an audit, there is an unavoidable risk that we may not have detected some material |
| misstatements in the financial statements, even though we have properly planned and performed our audit in accordance with auditing standards. For example, as with any audit, there remained a higher risk of non-detection of irregularities, as these may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal controls. We are not responsible for preventing fraud or non-compliance with laws and regulations and cannot be expected to detect all fraud and non-compliance with laws and regulations. |
| A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial Reporting Council's website at www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our Report of the Auditors. |
| REPORT OF THE INDEPENDENT AUDITORS TO THE MEMBERS OF |
| C.A.S.C. HOLDINGS LIMITED |
| Use of our report |
| This report is made solely to the company's members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company's members those matters we are required to state to them in a Report of the Auditors and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the company's members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed. |
| for and on behalf of Fairhurst |
| Statutory Auditor |
| Chartered Accountants |
| Douglas Bank House |
| Wigan Lane |
| Wigan |
| Lancashire |
| WN1 2TB |
| C.A.S.C. HOLDINGS LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 12341092) |
| CONSOLIDATED |
| INCOME STATEMENT |
| for the Year Ended 31 December 2024 |
| 2024 | 2023 |
| Notes | £ | £ |
| TURNOVER | 3 | 16,560,424 | 16,221,453 |
| Cost of sales | 12,191,146 | 12,063,704 |
| GROSS PROFIT | 4,369,278 | 4,157,749 |
| Administrative expenses | 4,211,302 | 3,844,517 |
| 157,976 | 313,232 |
| Other operating income | 12,000 | 12,000 |
| OPERATING PROFIT | 5 | 169,976 | 325,232 |
| Interest payable and similar expenses | 6 | 21,675 | 28,882 |
| PROFIT BEFORE TAXATION | 148,301 | 296,350 |
| Tax on profit | 7 | 72,298 | 108,628 |
| PROFIT FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR |
| Profit attributable to: |
| Owners of the parent | 76,003 | 187,722 |
| C.A.S.C. HOLDINGS LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 12341092) |
| CONSOLIDATED |
| OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME |
| for the Year Ended 31 December 2024 |
| 2024 | 2023 |
| Notes | £ | £ |
| PROFIT FOR THE YEAR | 76,003 | 187,722 |
| OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME | - | - |
| TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEAR |
76,003 |
187,722 |
| Total comprehensive income attributable to: |
| Owners of the parent | 76,003 | 187,722 |
| C.A.S.C. HOLDINGS LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 12341092) |
| CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION |
| 31 December 2024 |
| 2024 | 2023 |
| Notes | £ | £ | £ | £ |
| FIXED ASSETS |
| Intangible assets | 10 | 840,400 | 986,692 |
| Tangible assets | 11 | 488,886 | 440,111 |
| Investments | 12 | - | - |
| Investment property | 13 | - | 225,131 |
| 1,329,286 | 1,651,934 |
| CURRENT ASSETS |
| Stocks | 14 | 1,523,275 | 1,353,198 |
| Debtors | 15 | 3,792,854 | 4,243,057 |
| Cash at bank and in hand | 190,769 | 149,989 |
| 5,506,898 | 5,746,244 |
| CREDITORS |
| Amounts falling due within one year | 16 | 4,060,811 | 4,586,123 |
| NET CURRENT ASSETS | 1,446,087 | 1,160,121 |
| TOTAL ASSETS LESS CURRENT LIABILITIES |
2,775,373 |
2,812,055 |
| CREDITORS |
| Amounts falling due after more than one year | 17 | (102,856 | ) | (202,546 | ) |
| PROVISIONS FOR LIABILITIES | 21 | (90,149 | ) | (102,144 | ) |
| NET ASSETS | 2,582,368 | 2,507,365 |
| CAPITAL AND RESERVES |
| Called up share capital | 22 | 100 | 100 |
| Retained earnings | 23 | 2,582,268 | 2,507,265 |
| SHAREHOLDERS' FUNDS | 2,582,368 | 2,507,365 |
| The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors and authorised for issue on 29 September 2025 and were signed on its behalf by: |
| S P Jackson - Director |
| C.A.S.C. HOLDINGS LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 12341092) |
| COMPANY STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION |
| 31 December 2024 |
| 2024 | 2023 |
| Notes | £ | £ | £ | £ |
| FIXED ASSETS |
| Intangible assets | 10 |
| Tangible assets | 11 |
| Investments | 12 |
| Investment property | 13 |
| CURRENT ASSETS |
| Debtors | 15 |
| CREDITORS |
| Amounts falling due within one year | 16 |
| NET CURRENT LIABILITIES | ( |
) | ( |
) |
| TOTAL ASSETS LESS CURRENT LIABILITIES |
| CAPITAL AND RESERVES |
| Called up share capital | 22 |
| SHAREHOLDERS' FUNDS |
| Company's profit for the financial year | 1,000 | 4,000 |
| The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors and authorised for issue on |
| C.A.S.C. HOLDINGS LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 12341092) |
| CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY |
| for the Year Ended 31 December 2024 |
| Called up |
| share | Retained | Total |
| capital | earnings | equity |
| £ | £ | £ |
| Balance at 1 January 2023 | 100 | 2,323,543 | 2,323,643 |
| Changes in equity |
| Dividends | - | (4,000 | ) | (4,000 | ) |
| Total comprehensive income | - | 187,722 | 187,722 |
| Balance at 31 December 2023 | 100 | 2,507,265 | 2,507,365 |
| Changes in equity |
| Dividends | - | (1,000 | ) | (1,000 | ) |
| Total comprehensive income | - | 76,003 | 76,003 |
| Balance at 31 December 2024 | 100 | 2,582,268 | 2,582,368 |
| C.A.S.C. HOLDINGS LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 12341092) |
| COMPANY STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY |
| for the Year Ended 31 December 2024 |
| Called up |
| share | Retained | Total |
| capital | earnings | equity |
| £ | £ | £ |
| Balance at 1 January 2023 |
| Changes in equity |
| Dividends | - | ( |
) | ( |
) |
| Total comprehensive income | - |
| Balance at 31 December 2023 |
| Changes in equity |
| Dividends | - | ( |
) | ( |
) |
| Total comprehensive income | - |
| Balance at 31 December 2024 |
| C.A.S.C. HOLDINGS LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 12341092) |
| CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS |
| for the Year Ended 31 December 2024 |
| 2024 | 2023 |
| Notes | £ | £ |
| Cash flows from operating activities |
| Cash generated from operations | 1 | 181,585 | 184,319 |
| Interest paid | (21,675 | ) | (26,112 | ) |
| Interest element of hire purchase payments paid |
- |
(2,770 |
) |
| Tax paid | (171,363 | ) | (56,182 | ) |
| Net cash from operating activities | (11,453 | ) | 99,255 |
| Cash flows from investing activities |
| Purchase of intangible fixed assets | - | (5,370 | ) |
| Purchase of tangible fixed assets | (133,411 | ) | (178,254 | ) |
| Purchase of investment property | (4,631 | ) | (16,740 | ) |
| Sale of tangible fixed assets | 1,701 | 9,300 |
| Sale of investment property | 200,059 | - |
| Net cash from investing activities | 63,718 | (191,064 | ) |
| Cash flows from financing activities |
| Loan repayments in year | (80,000 | ) | (80,000 | ) |
| Capital repayments in year | (19,849 | ) | (72,129 | ) |
| Amount introduced by directors | 132,927 | 24,000 |
| Amount withdrawn by directors | (63,950 | ) | (39,875 | ) |
| Equity dividends paid | (1,000 | ) | (4,000 | ) |
| Net cash from financing activities | (31,872 | ) | (172,004 | ) |
| Increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 20,393 | (263,813 | ) |
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year |
2 |
149,989 |
413,802 |
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of year | 2 | 170,382 | 149,989 |
| C.A.S.C. HOLDINGS LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 12341092) |
| NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS |
| for the Year Ended 31 December 2024 |
| 1. | RECONCILIATION OF PROFIT BEFORE TAXATION TO CASH GENERATED FROM OPERATIONS |
| 2024 | 2023 |
| £ | £ |
| Profit before taxation | 148,301 | 296,350 |
| Depreciation charges | 230,928 | 208,568 |
| Loss/(profit) on disposal of fixed assets | 28,002 | (300 | ) |
| Finance costs | 21,675 | 28,882 |
| 428,906 | 533,500 |
| (Increase)/decrease in stocks | (170,077 | ) | 91,423 |
| Decrease/(increase) in trade and other debtors | 388,316 | (353,208 | ) |
| Decrease in trade and other creditors | (465,560 | ) | (87,396 | ) |
| Cash generated from operations | 181,585 | 184,319 |
| 2. | CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS |
| The amounts disclosed on the Statement of Cash Flows in respect of cash and cash equivalents are in respect of these Statement of Financial Position amounts: |
| Year ended 31 December 2024 |
| 31/12/24 | 1/1/24 |
| £ | £ |
| Cash and cash equivalents | 190,769 | 149,989 |
| Bank overdrafts | (20,387 | ) | - |
| 170,382 | 149,989 |
| Year ended 31 December 2023 |
| 31/12/23 | 1/1/23 |
| £ | £ |
| Cash and cash equivalents | 149,989 | 413,802 |
| C.A.S.C. HOLDINGS LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 12341092) |
| NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS |
| for the Year Ended 31 December 2024 |
| 3. | ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN NET DEBT |
| At 1/1/24 | Cash flow | At 31/12/24 |
| £ | £ | £ |
| Net cash |
| Cash at bank and in hand | 149,989 | 40,780 | 190,769 |
| Bank overdrafts | - | (20,387 | ) | (20,387 | ) |
| 149,989 | 20,393 | 170,382 |
| Debt |
| Finance leases | (63,166 | ) | 19,849 | (43,317 | ) |
| Debts falling due within 1 year | (80,000 | ) | - | (80,000 | ) |
| Debts falling due after 1 year | (160,000 | ) | 80,000 | (80,000 | ) |
| (303,166 | ) | 99,849 | (203,317 | ) |
| Total | (153,177 | ) | 120,242 | (32,935 | ) |
| C.A.S.C. HOLDINGS LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 12341092) |
| NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
| for the Year Ended 31 December 2024 |
| 1. | STATUTORY INFORMATION |
| C.A.S.C. Holdings Limited is a |
| 2. | ACCOUNTING POLICIES |
| Basis of preparing the financial statements |
| Basis of consolidation |
| The group financial statements consolidate the financial statements of C.A.S.C. (Holdings) Limited and its subsidiary undertakings for the year to 31 December 2024. |
| Profits arising from intra-group transactions are eliminated in full. On acquisition of a subsidiary its assets and |
| liabilities at the date of acquisition are recorded at their fair value reflecting their condition at that date. |
| The consolidated financial statements include the results of the activities described in the Strategic Report. |
| The parent company acts as a holding company for its subsidiaries E.E.D. (Holdings) Limited and Express Electrical Distributors Limited. |
| The company has taken advantage of the exemption given in section 408 of the Companies Act 2006 not to produce its own profit and loss account and has also adopted the disclosure exemption to present a statement of cash flows and related notes. |
| Significant judgements and estimates |
| Judgements and key source of estimation uncertainty |
| Preparation of the financial statements requires management to make significant judgements and estimates. The items in the financial statements where these judgements and estimates have been made include: |
| Judgements |
| a) Investment property |
| The carrying value of investment property has been assessed by the directors, taking into account current market conditions. |
| b) Useful economic lives |
| The useful economic lives of tangible and intangible fixed assets are assessed on an annual basis on the latest available information. Management believe that the useful economic lives being used currently are still |
| appropriate. |
| C.A.S.C. HOLDINGS LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 12341092) |
| NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued |
| for the Year Ended 31 December 2024 |
| 2. | ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued |
| Turnover |
| Turnover represents amounts recognised by the group in respect of goods and services supplied, exclusive of Value Added Tax and trade discounts. Turnover principally consists of electrical products, which are recognised at the point of which the goods are provided. Turnover also consists of management charges receivable from an associated company, which is invoiced monthly. |
| Goodwill |
| Goodwill on consolidation, being the amount paid in connection with the acquisition of E.E.D. (Holdings) Limited, is being amortised over its estimated useful life of ten years. |
| Intangible assets are measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses. If there is an indication that there has been a significant change in amortisation rate or residual value of an asset, the amortisation of that asset is revised prospectively to reflect the new expectations. |
| Fixed asset investments |
| In the individual company accounts investments in subsidiaries are initially measured at cost. After initial |
| recognition, fixed asset investments are measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. |
| Intangible assets |
| Amortisation on intangible fixed assets is charged to the profit and loss so as to write off their value, over their estimated useful lives, using the following method: |
| Computer software - 20% on cost |
| Tangible fixed assets |
| Tangible fixed assets are stated at cost less depreciation and any impairment. |
| Depreciation is provided at the following annual rates to write off each asset over its estimated useful life or, if held under a finance lease, over the lease term, whichever is shorter: |
| Improvements to property | 5% - 10% on cost |
| Motor vehicles | 15% - 25% on cost |
| Fixtures and fittings | 10% - 20% on cost |
| Investment property |
| Investment property is included at fair value. Changes in fair value are recognised in the income statement. Deferred taxation is provided on these gains at the rate expected to apply when the property is sold. |
| Impairment of assets |
| At each reporting date assets are reviewed to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If there is an indication of possible impairment, the recoverable amount of any affected asset is estimated and compared with its carrying amount. If the estimated recoverable amount is lower, the carrying amount is reduced to its estimated recoverable amount, and an impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss. |
| Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, to the extent that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of depreciation) had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised as income immediately. |
| C.A.S.C. HOLDINGS LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 12341092) |
| NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued |
| for the Year Ended 31 December 2024 |
| 2. | ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued |
| Stocks |
| Stocks are stated at the lower of cost and estimated selling price less costs to complete and sell. Costs, which compromise purchase, duty and carriage are based on the method most appropriate to the type of inventory class, but usually on a first in first out basis. Overheads are charged to profit or loss as incurred. Provisions are made for obsolete, slow moving or defective items where appropriate. |
| Taxation |
| Taxation for the year comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the Consolidated Income Statement, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. |
| Current tax is recognised at the amount of tax payable using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the statement of financial position date. |
| Deferred tax |
| Deferred tax is recognised in respect of all timing differences that have originated but not reversed at the statement of financial position date. |
| Timing differences arise from the inclusion of income and expenses in tax assessments in periods different from those in which they are recognised in financial statements. Deferred tax is measured using tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the year end and that are expected to apply to the reversal of the timing difference. |
| Unrelieved tax losses and other deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that they will be recovered against the reversal of deferred tax liabilities or other future taxable profits. |
| Foreign currencies |
| Assets and liabilities in foreign currencies are translated into sterling at the rates of exchange ruling at the statement of financial position date. Transactions in foreign currencies are translated into sterling at the rate of exchange ruling at the date of transaction. Exchange differences are taken into account in arriving at the operating result. |
| Leases |
| Leases are classified as hire purchase contracts when they transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership of the leased assets to the group. All other leases are classified as operating leases. |
| Rentals paid under operating leases are charged to profit and loss on a straight line basis over the period of the lease. |
| Pension costs and other post-retirement benefits |
| Short-term employee benefits are recognised as an expense in the period in which they are incurred. |
| The group operates a defined contribution pension scheme. Contributions payable for the year are charged in the profit and loss account. |
| Trade and other debtors |
| Trade and other debtors are initially recognised at fair value and thereafter stated at amortised cost using the |
| effective interest method, less impairment losses for bad and doubtful debts except where the effect of |
| discounting would be immaterial. In such cases, the trade debtors and other debtors are stated at cost less |
| impairment losses for bad and doubtful debts. |
| Trade and other creditors |
| Trade and other creditors are initially recognised at fair value and thereafter stated at amortised cost using the effective interest method unless the effect of discounting would be immaterial, in which case they are stated at cost. |
| C.A.S.C. HOLDINGS LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 12341092) |
| NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued |
| for the Year Ended 31 December 2024 |
| 2. | ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued |
| Cash and cash equivalents |
| Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash at bank and in hand, demand deposits with banks and other |
| short-term highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less and bank overdrafts. In |
| the statement of financial position, bank overdrafts are shown within borrowings or current liabilities. |
| 3. | TURNOVER |
| The turnover and profit before taxation are attributable to the one principal activity of the group. |
| An analysis of turnover by class of business is given below: |
| 2024 | 2023 |
| £ | £ |
| Electrical good wholesale | 16,425,424 | 15,981,453 |
| Management charges | 135,000 | 240,000 |
| 16,560,424 | 16,221,453 |
| An analysis of turnover by geographical market is given below: |
| 2024 | 2023 |
| £ | £ |
| United Kingdom | 15,916,955 | 15,300,160 |
| Rest of world | 643,469 | 921,293 |
| 16,560,424 | 16,221,453 |
| 4. | EMPLOYEES AND DIRECTORS |
| 2024 | 2023 |
| £ | £ |
| Wages and salaries | 2,000,873 | 2,001,552 |
| Social security costs | 187,295 | 200,169 |
| Other pension costs | 247,873 | 61,426 |
| 2,436,041 | 2,263,147 |
| The average number of employees during the year was as follows: |
| 2024 | 2023 |
| Directors | 2 | 2 |
| Sales and administration | 59 | 61 |
| C.A.S.C. HOLDINGS LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 12341092) |
| NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued |
| for the Year Ended 31 December 2024 |
| 4. | EMPLOYEES AND DIRECTORS - continued |
| 2024 | 2023 |
| £ | £ |
| Directors' remuneration | 89,534 | 88,784 |
| Directors' pension contributions to money purchase schemes | 183,551 | 1,925 |
| The number of directors to whom retirement benefits were accruing was as follows: |
| Money purchase schemes | 2 | 2 |
| 5. | OPERATING PROFIT |
| The operating profit is stated after charging/(crediting): |
| 2024 | 2023 |
| £ | £ |
| Other operating leases | 210,205 | 213,698 |
| Depreciation - owned assets | 64,342 | 49,767 |
| Depreciation - assets on hire purchase | 20,294 | 12,878 |
| Loss/(profit) on disposal of fixed assets | 28,002 | (300) |
| Goodwill amortisation | 132,858 | 132,858 |
| Computer software amortisation | 13,434 | 13,065 |
| Auditor's remuneration | 21,000 | 20,000 |
| 6. | INTEREST PAYABLE AND SIMILAR EXPENSES |
| 2024 | 2023 |
| £ | £ |
| Bank interest | 19,140 | 24,828 |
| Other interest | 2,535 | 1,284 |
| Interest on overdue tax paid | - | 2,770 |
| 21,675 | 28,882 |
| 7. | TAXATION |
| Analysis of the tax charge |
| The tax charge on the profit for the year was as follows: |
| 2024 | 2023 |
| £ | £ |
| Current tax: |
| UK corporation tax | 84,293 | 72,026 |
| Corporation tax - prior year | - | (890 | ) |
| Total current tax | 84,293 | 71,136 |
| Deferred tax | (11,995 | ) | 37,492 |
| Tax on profit | 72,298 | 108,628 |
| C.A.S.C. HOLDINGS LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 12341092) |
| NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued |
| for the Year Ended 31 December 2024 |
| 7. | TAXATION - continued |
| Reconciliation of total tax charge included in profit and loss |
| The tax assessed for the year is higher than the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK. The difference is explained below: |
| 2024 | 2023 |
| £ | £ |
| Profit before tax | 148,301 | 296,350 |
| Profit multiplied by the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK of 25 % (2023 - 23.520 %) |
37,075 |
69,702 |
| Effects of: |
| Expenses not deductible for tax purposes | 35,223 | 37,597 |
| Adjustments to tax charge in respect of previous periods | - | (890 | ) |
| Remeasurement of deferred tax for changes in tax rates | - | 2,219 |
| Total tax charge | 72,298 | 108,628 |
| 8. | INDIVIDUAL INCOME STATEMENT |
| As permitted by Section 408 of the Companies Act 2006, the Income Statement of the parent company is not presented as part of these financial statements. |
| 9. | DIVIDENDS |
| 2024 | 2023 |
| £ | £ |
| Ordinary shares of £1 each |
| Final | 1,000 | 4,000 |
| C.A.S.C. HOLDINGS LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 12341092) |
| NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued |
| for the Year Ended 31 December 2024 |
| 10. | INTANGIBLE FIXED ASSETS |
| Group |
| Computer |
| Goodwill | software | Totals |
| £ | £ | £ |
| COST |
| At 1 January 2024 |
| and 31 December 2024 | 1,328,577 | 134,345 | 1,462,922 |
| AMORTISATION |
| At 1 January 2024 | 440,537 | 35,693 | 476,230 |
| Amortisation for year | 132,858 | 13,434 | 146,292 |
| At 31 December 2024 | 573,395 | 49,127 | 622,522 |
| NET BOOK VALUE |
| At 31 December 2024 | 755,182 | 85,218 | 840,400 |
| At 31 December 2023 | 888,040 | 98,652 | 986,692 |
| 11. | TANGIBLE FIXED ASSETS |
| Group |
| Improvements | Fixtures |
| to | and | Motor |
| property | fittings | vehicles | Totals |
| £ | £ | £ | £ |
| COST |
| At 1 January 2024 | 19,619 | 329,817 | 445,788 | 795,224 |
| Additions | - | 107,416 | 25,995 | 133,411 |
| Disposals | - | - | (111,625 | ) | (111,625 | ) |
| At 31 December 2024 | 19,619 | 437,233 | 360,158 | 817,010 |
| DEPRECIATION |
| At 1 January 2024 | 1,962 | 185,724 | 167,427 | 355,113 |
| Charge for year | 1,962 | 30,775 | 51,899 | 84,636 |
| Eliminated on disposal | - | - | (111,625 | ) | (111,625 | ) |
| At 31 December 2024 | 3,924 | 216,499 | 107,701 | 328,124 |
| NET BOOK VALUE |
| At 31 December 2024 | 15,695 | 220,734 | 252,457 | 488,886 |
| At 31 December 2023 | 17,657 | 144,093 | 278,361 | 440,111 |
| The net book value of tangible fixed assets includes £102,123 (2023 - £122,418) in respect of assets held under finance leases. |
| C.A.S.C. HOLDINGS LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 12341092) |
| NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued |
| for the Year Ended 31 December 2024 |
| 12. | FIXED ASSET INVESTMENTS |
| Company |
| Shares in |
| group |
| undertakings |
| £ |
| COST |
| At 1 January 2024 |
| and 31 December 2024 |
| NET BOOK VALUE |
| At 31 December 2024 |
| At 31 December 2023 |
| The company has interests in the following share capital of companies registered in England and Wales: |
| Direct/ |
| Indirect |
| Subsidiary | Principal activity | % Holding | holding |
| E.E.D. (Holdings) Limited |
Intermediate holding company |
100 |
Direct |
| Express Electrical Distributors Limited |
Supplier of electrical accessories and equipment |
100 |
Indirect |
| 13. | INVESTMENT PROPERTY |
| Group |
| Total |
| £ |
| FAIR VALUE |
| At 1 January 2024 | 225,131 |
| Additions | 4,631 |
| Disposals | (229,762 | ) |
| At 31 December 2024 | - |
| NET BOOK VALUE |
| At 31 December 2024 | - |
| At 31 December 2023 | 225,131 |
| 14. | STOCKS |
| Group |
| 2024 | 2023 |
| £ | £ |
| Stock of finished goods | 1,523,275 | 1,353,198 |
| C.A.S.C. HOLDINGS LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 12341092) |
| NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued |
| for the Year Ended 31 December 2024 |
| 15. | DEBTORS: AMOUNTS FALLING DUE WITHIN ONE YEAR |
| Group | Company |
| 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 |
| £ | £ | £ | £ |
| Trade debtors | 2,661,709 | 2,952,542 |
| Other debtors | 782,908 | 782,170 |
| Directors' current accounts | 21,007 | 89,984 | - | - |
| Tax | 7,090 | - |
| Called up share capital not paid | 100 | 100 |
| Prepayments and accrued income | 320,040 | 418,261 |
| 3,792,854 | 4,243,057 |
| The group has an invoice discounting agreement against which certain debtors are assigned. |
| 16. | CREDITORS: AMOUNTS FALLING DUE WITHIN ONE YEAR |
| Group | Company |
| 2024 | 2023 | 2024 | 2023 |
| £ | £ | £ | £ |
| Bank loans and overdrafts (see note 18) | 100,387 | 80,000 |
| Hire purchase contracts (see note 19) | 20,461 | 20,620 |
| Trade creditors | 1,957,479 | 2,165,716 |
| Amounts owed to group undertakings | - | - |
| Tax | 91,383 | 171,363 |
| Social security and other taxes | 52,037 | 74,506 |
| VAT | 255,198 | 142,078 | - | - |
| Other creditors | 1,090,960 | 1,731,207 |
| Accrued expenses | 492,906 | 200,633 |
| 4,060,811 | 4,586,123 |
| 17. | CREDITORS: AMOUNTS FALLING DUE AFTER MORE THAN ONE YEAR |
| Group |
| 2024 | 2023 |
| £ | £ |
| Bank loans (see note 18) | 80,000 | 160,000 |
| Hire purchase contracts (see note 19) | 22,856 | 42,546 |
| 102,856 | 202,546 |
| C.A.S.C. HOLDINGS LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 12341092) |
| NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued |
| for the Year Ended 31 December 2024 |
| 18. | LOANS |
| An analysis of the maturity of loans is given below: |
| Group |
| 2024 | 2023 |
| £ | £ |
| Amounts falling due within one year or on | demand: |
| Bank overdrafts | 20,387 | - |
| Bank loans | 80,000 | 80,000 |
| 100,387 | 80,000 |
| Amounts falling due between one and two | years: |
| Bank loans - 1-2 years | 80,000 | 80,000 |
| Amounts falling due between two and five | years: |
| Bank loans - 2-5 years | - | 80,000 |
| 19. | LEASING AGREEMENTS |
| Minimum lease payments fall due as follows: |
| Group |
| Hire purchase |
| contracts |
| 2024 | 2023 |
| £ | £ |
| Net obligations repayable: |
| Within one year | 20,461 | 20,620 |
| Between one and five years | 22,856 | 42,546 |
| 43,317 | 63,166 |
| Group |
| Non-cancellable |
| operating leases |
| 2024 | 2023 |
| £ | £ |
| Within one year | 180,244 | 187,693 |
| Between one and five years | 552,118 | 623,962 |
| In more than five years | 147,642 | 256,742 |
| 880,004 | 1,068,397 |
| C.A.S.C. HOLDINGS LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 12341092) |
| NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued |
| for the Year Ended 31 December 2024 |
| 20. | SECURED DEBTS |
| The following secured debts are included within creditors: |
| Group |
| 2024 | 2023 |
| £ | £ |
| Bank overdraft | 20,387 | - |
| Bank loans | 160,000 | 240,000 |
| Hire purchase contracts | 43,317 | 63,166 |
| Invoice discounting | 1,049,233 | 1,707,043 |
| 1,272,937 | 2,010,209 |
| Hire Purchase contracts are secured on the assets concerned. |
| The invoice discounting facility with Lloyds Bank Commercial Finance Limited is secured by a fixed and |
| floating charge over the assets of the group. |
| The bank overdraft and bank loan with Lloyds Bank PLC is secured by a fixed and floating charge over the assets of the group. |
| 21. | PROVISIONS FOR LIABILITIES |
| Group |
| 2024 | 2023 |
| £ | £ |
| Deferred tax | 90,149 | 102,144 |
| Group |
| Deferred |
| tax |
| £ |
| Balance at 1 January 2024 | 102,144 |
| Credit to Income Statement during year | (11,995 | ) |
| Balance at 31 December 2024 | 90,149 |
| 22. | CALLED UP SHARE CAPITAL |
| Allotted, issued and fully paid: |
| Number: | Class: | Nominal | 2024 | 2023 |
| value: | £ | £ |
| Ordinary A | £1 | 51 | 51 |
| Ordinary B | £1 | 49 | 49 |
| 100 | 100 |
| C.A.S.C. HOLDINGS LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 12341092) |
| NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued |
| for the Year Ended 31 December 2024 |
| 23. | RESERVES |
| Group |
| Retained |
| earnings |
| £ |
| At 1 January 2024 | 2,507,265 |
| Profit for the year | 76,003 |
| Dividends | (1,000 | ) |
| At 31 December 2024 | 2,582,268 |
| Company |
| Retained |
| earnings |
| £ |
| Profit for the year |
| Dividends | ( |
) |
| At 31 December 2024 |
| Retained earnings includes all current and prior retained profits and losses. |
| 24. | PENSION COMMITMENTS |
| The group operates a number of defined contribution pension scheme for certain senior management and other eligible employees. The assets of the scheme are held separately from those of the group in independently administered funds. Contributions to the scheme amounted to £247,873 (2023 - £61,426) and as at the year end there were £11,525 (2023 - £11,059) of unpaid contributions. |
| 25. | DIRECTORS' ADVANCES, CREDITS AND GUARANTEES |
| The following advances and credits to directors subsisted during the years ended 31 December 2024 and 31 December 2023: |
| 2024 | 2023 |
| £ | £ |
| S P Jackson |
| Balance outstanding at start of year | 89,984 | 74,109 |
| Amounts advanced | 53,925 | 39,875 |
| Amounts repaid | (132,927 | ) | (24,000 | ) |
| Amounts written off | - | - |
| Amounts waived | - | - |
| Balance outstanding at end of year | 10,982 | 89,984 |
| C.A.S.C. HOLDINGS LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 12341092) |
| NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued |
| for the Year Ended 31 December 2024 |
| 25. | DIRECTORS' ADVANCES, CREDITS AND GUARANTEES - continued |
| Mrs A L Jackson |
| Balance outstanding at start of year | - | - |
| Amounts advanced | 10,025 | - |
| Amounts repaid | - | - |
| Amounts written off | - | - |
| Amounts waived | - | - |
| Balance outstanding at end of year | 10,025 | - |
| During the year a dividend of £1,000 (2023 - £4,000) was paid to a director. |
| 26. | RELATED PARTY DISCLOSURES |
| The company has taken advantage of exemption, under the terms of Financial Reporting Standard 102 'The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland', not to disclose related party transactions with wholly owned subsidiaries within the group. |
| Transactions between group entities which have been eliminated on consolidation are not disclosed within the financial statements. |
| Transactions with related parties |
| During the year the group made sales of £453,750 (2023: £461,343) to companies associated with the |
| directors. In addition, the group charged management charges of £135,000 (2023: £240,000) and rent charges of £12,000 (2023: £12,000) to the associated companies. |
| As at the year end £574,633 (2023: £766,807) was owed to the group and included in trade and other debtors. |
| During the year the group bought goods of £675,252 (2023: £1,430,426) from companies associated with the directors. |
| As at the year end £106,622 (2023: £584,455) was owed by the group and included in trade creditors and |
| accruals. |
| During the year the group paid rent of £57,000 (2023: £55,833) for a property occupied by the group. This |
| property is partially owned by a director of the group. |
| A director of the group is one of four trustees of a SSAS pension scheme. The group paid rents to the |
| pension scheme totalling £83,000 (2023: £89,392). |
| 27. | ULTIMATE CONTROLLING PARTY |