Caseware UK (AP4) 2024.0.164 2024.0.164 2024-12-312024-12-310No description of principal activity2024-01-01false0truefalse 15053621 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 15053621 2023-08-07 2023-12-31 15053621 2024-12-31 15053621 2023-12-31 15053621 2023-08-07 15053621 1 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 15053621 d:Director1 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 15053621 d:Director1 2024-12-31 15053621 d:Director2 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 15053621 d:Director3 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 15053621 d:Director3 2024-12-31 15053621 d:Director4 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 15053621 d:Director4 2024-12-31 15053621 c:CurrentFinancialInstruments 2024-12-31 15053621 c:CurrentFinancialInstruments 2023-12-31 15053621 c:CurrentFinancialInstruments c:WithinOneYear 2024-12-31 15053621 c:CurrentFinancialInstruments c:WithinOneYear 2023-12-31 15053621 c:ShareCapital 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 15053621 c:ShareCapital 2024-12-31 15053621 c:ShareCapital 2023-08-07 2023-12-31 15053621 c:ShareCapital 2023-12-31 15053621 c:ShareCapital 2023-08-07 15053621 c:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedLosses 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 15053621 c:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedLosses 2024-12-31 15053621 c:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedLosses 2023-08-07 2023-12-31 15053621 c:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedLosses 2023-12-31 15053621 c:RetainedEarningsAccumulatedLosses 2023-08-07 15053621 d:OrdinaryShareClass1 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 15053621 d:OrdinaryShareClass1 2024-12-31 15053621 d:OrdinaryShareClass1 2023-12-31 15053621 d:FRS101 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 15053621 d:Audited 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 15053621 d:FullAccounts 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 15053621 d:PrivateLimitedCompanyLtd 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 15053621 e:PoundSterling 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 xbrli:shares iso4217:GBP xbrli:pure


Registered number: 15053621












SONNEN UK LIMITED
ANNUAL REPORT
AND
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

 

SONNEN UK LIMITED

CONTENTS



Page
Directors' Report for the year ended 31 December 2024
 
1 - 2
Independent Auditors' Report for the year ended 31 December 2024
 
3 - 6
Profit and Loss Account for the year ended 31 December 2024
 
7
Balance Sheet for the year ended 31 December 2024
 
8
Statement of Changes in Equity for the year ended 31 December 2024
 
9
Notes to the Financial Statements for the year ended 31 December 2024
 
10 - 18


 

SONNEN UK LIMITED

DIRECTORS' REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

The directors present their report and the financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2024. The Company has taken advantage of the small companies’ exemption available under section 415A and 414B of the Companies Act 2006 and has not prepared a strategic report nor given certain disclosures in the Directors’ report from which it is exempt.
The Company is one of the entities within the "Shell Group". In this context the term "Shell Group" and "Companies of the Shell Group" or "Group companies" means companies where Shell plc, either directly or indirectly, is exposed to, or has rights to, variable returns from its involvement with the Company and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the Company. Companies in which Group companies have significant influence but not control are classified as "Associated companies". Shell plc, a Company incorporated in England and Wales, is known as the "Parent Company" of the Shell Group. In this Report "Shell" and "Shell Group" are sometimes used for convenience where references are made to Shell plc and its subsidiaries in general. These expressions are also used where no useful purpose is served by identifying the particular Company or companies.

Business review

The Company is an affilatied Company to Sonnen Holding GmbH. Sonnen Holding GmbH, located in Wildpoldsried, Germany, holds 100 % of the shares in Sonnen UK Limited. Sonnen UK Limited is a distribution Company serving the UK market with Sonnen batteries. The Sonnen batteries are manufactured in Wildpoldsried, Germany, and are sourced via the sister Company Sonnen GmbH. The Company will continue these activities in the foreseeable future.
The Company’s loss for the financial year is £53,327. Depending on the stage of development, revenue will be generated from the sale of Sonnen batteries in 2025 and subsequent years. Due to the uncertainty as to when the system can be mass-produced for the UK market, the development of the Company’s profitability is difficult to predict at the present time.

Results and dividends

No dividends were paid during the year (5-month period ended 31 December 2023: £NIL).
In addition, the Directors do not propose any dividends for the year ended 31 December 2024.

Future outlook

No significant change in the business of the Company has taken place during the year or is expected in the immediately foreseeable future.
The financial statements continue to be prepared on a going concern basis (see Note 2.2).

Directors of the Company

The Directors, who held office during the year, and to the date of this report (except as noted) were as follows:

O Koch (appointed 17 July 2024)
B Swanston (appointed 7 August 2023)
N A Dunn (resigned 17 April 2024)
M-O Hänsel (appointed 17 April 2024, resigned 17 July 2024)

Page 1

 

SONNEN UK LIMITED

DIRECTORS' REPORT (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

Statement of Directors' responsibilities in respect of the Financial Statements

The Directors acknowledge their responsibilities for preparing the Directors' Report and the Company's financial statements in accordance with applicable United Kingdom laws and regulations

The Companies Act 2006 and other applicable company law requires the Directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the Directors have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with United Kingdom Accounting Standards (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice), including FRS 101 'Reduced Disclosure Framework' ('FRS 101'). Under Company law the Directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Company and of the profit or loss of the Company for that period.

 In preparing these financial statements, the Directors are required to:


select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;

make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent;
present information, including accounting policies, in a manner that provides relevant, reliable, comparable and understandable information;
provide additional disclosures when compliance with FRS 101 is insufficient to enable users to understand the impact of particular transactions, other events and condiitons on the Company's financial position and financial performance;
state whether United Kingdom Accounting Standard have been followed, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements; and;

prepare the financial statements on a going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the Company will continue in business.

The Directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the Company's transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the Company and to enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.
Under applicable laws and regulations, the Directors are also responsible for preparing a Director's report that complies with the relevant laws and regulations.

Disclosure of information to auditors

Each Director has taken steps that they ought to have taken as a Director in order to make themselves aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the Company's auditor is aware of that information. The Directors confirm that there is no relevant information that they know of and of which they know the auditor is unaware. 

Approved by the Board on .................. and signed on its behalf by:
 





B Swanston
Director

Date: 27 August 2025

Page 2

 

SONNEN UK LIMITED

INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT TO THE MEMBER OF SONNEN UK LIMITED
 FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

Opinion


We have audited the financial statements of Sonnen UK Limited (the 'Company') for the year ended 31 December 2024, which comprise the Profit and Loss Account, the Balance Sheet, the Statement of Changes in Equity and the related notes 1 to 12, including material accounting policy informationThe financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards including FRS 101 ‘Reduced Disclosure Framework’ (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).


In our opinion the financial statements:


give a true and fair view of the state of the Company's affairs as at 31 December 2024 and of its loss for the year then ended;
have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and
have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.


Basis for opinion


We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditors' responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the Company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC's Ethical Standard, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements.
 
We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.


Conclusions relating to going concern


In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the Directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate.


Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the Company's ability to continue as a going concern for a period to 31 December 2026.


Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the Directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report. However, because not all future events or conditions can be predicted, this statement is not a guarantee as to the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. 


Page 3

 

SONNEN UK LIMITED

INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT TO THE MEMBER OF SONNEN UK LIMITED (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

Other information


The other information comprises the information included in the annual report other than the financial statements and our auditors' report thereon. The Directors are responsible for the other information contained within the annual report
Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. 
Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact.


We have nothing to report in this regard.


Opinion on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006
 

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit:


the information given in the Directors' Report for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and
the Directors' Report has been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.


Matters on which we are required to report by exception
 

In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the Company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the Directors' Report.


We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:


adequate accounting records have not been kept, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or
the financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or
certain disclosures of Directors' remuneration specified by law are not made; or
we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit; or
the Directors were not entitled to take advantage of the small Companies' exemptions in preparing the Directors' report and from the requirement to prepare a strategic report.


Responsibilities of Directors
 

As explained more fully in the Directors' Responsibilities Statement set out on page 2, the Directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the Directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.


In preparing the financial statements, the Directors are responsible for assessing the Company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the Directors either intend to liquidate the Company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.

Page 4

 

SONNEN UK LIMITED

INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT TO THE MEMBER OF SONNEN UK LIMITED (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024


Auditors' responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements
 

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditors' report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.


Explanation as to what extent the audit was considered capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud 
Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement due to fraud is higher than the risk of not detecting one resulting from error, as fraud may involve deliberate concealment by, for example, forgery or intentional misrepresentations, or through collusion. The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below. However, the primary responsibility for the prevention and detection of fraud rests with both those charged with governance of the entity and management. 
Our approach was as follows:
 
We obtained an understanding of the legal and regulatory frameworks that are applicable to the Company and determined that the most significant are those that relate to the reporting framework (FRS 101 “Reduced Disclosure Framework”, Companies Act 2006, Bribery Act 2010, Companies (Miscellaneous Reporting) Regulation 2018, and relevant tax compliance regulations in the jurisdictions in which the Company operates, including the United Kingdom.
We understood how Sonnen UK Limited is complying with those frameworks and Shell Group policies by making enquiries of management, those responsible for legal and compliance procedures and the Company Secretary. We corroborated our enquiries through the review of the following documentation: all minutes of board meetings held during the year;
the Shell Group’s code of conduct setting out the key principles and requirements for all staff in relation to compliance with laws and regulations;
any relevant correspondence with local tax authorities; and
any relevant correspondence received from regulatory bodies.
 
We assessed the susceptibility of the Company’s financial statements to material misstatement, including how fraud might occur by considering the controls that the Company established to address risks identified by the entity or that otherwise seek to prevent, deter or detect fraud. We gained an understanding of the entity level controls and policies that the Company applies being part of the Shell Group. 
 
Based on this understanding we designed our audit procedures to identify noncompliance with such laws and regulations. Our procedures involved testing of journal entries, with a focus on journals indicating large or unusual transactions or meeting our defined risk criteria based on our understanding of the business, enquiries of legal counsel and management, review of internal audit reports and of the volume and nature of complaints received by the whistleblowing hotline during the year relevant to the Company.


A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial Reporting Council's website at: www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our auditors' report.


Page 5

 

SONNEN UK LIMITED

INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT TO THE MEMBER OF SONNEN UK LIMITED (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

Use of our report
 

This report is made solely to the Company's members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the Company's members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditors' report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the Company and the Company's members, as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.





Jacqueline Geary (Senior Statutory Auditor)
  
for and on behalf of
Ernst & Young LLP, Statutory Auditor
 

29 August 2025
Page 6

 

SONNEN UK LIMITED
 
PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

2024
5 months
ended
31 December 2023
Note
£
£

Continuing operations
  

Administrative expenses
  
(53,866)
-

Operating loss
 3 
(53,866)
-

Loss before interest and taxation
  
(53,866)
-

Interest receivable and similar income
 6 
539
-

Loss before taxation
  
(53,327)
-

Tax on loss
 7 
-
-

Loss for the year/period
  
(53,327)
-

The loss for the current year and the result for the prior period are equal to the total comprehensive income and accordingly a statement of comprehensive income has not been presented.

Page 7


 
REGISTERED NUMBER:15053621
SONNEN UK LIMITED

BALANCE SHEET
AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2024

2024
2023
Note
£
£

  

Current assets
  

Debtors
 8 
2,071
100

Cash at bank and in hand
  
44,353
-

  
46,424
100

Creditors: Amounts falling due within one year
 9 
(34,651)
-

Net current assets
  
 
 
11,773
 
 
100

Total assets less current liabilities
  
11,773
100

  

  

  

Net assets
  
11,773
100


Equity
  

Called up share capital 
 10 
65,100
100

Profit and loss account
  
(53,327)
-

Total equity
  
11,773
100



The financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the Board of Directors and were signed on its behalf by: 




B Swanston
Director

Date: 27 August 2025

The notes on pages 10 to 18 form part of these financial statements.

Page 8

 

SONNEN UK LIMITED

STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024


Called up share capital
Profit and loss account
Total equity

£
£
£


Balance as at 7 August 2023
-
-
-

Shares issued during the period
100
-
100


Balance as at 31 December 2023
100
-
100



Balance as at 01 January 2024
100
-
100



Loss for the year
-
(53,327)
(53,327)
Total comprehensive loss for the year
-
(53,327)
(53,327)

Shares issued during the year
65,000
-
65,000


Balance as at 31 December 2024
65,100
(53,327)
11,773


The notes on pages 10 to 18 form part of these financial statements.

Page 9

 

SONNEN UK LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

1.


General information

Sonnen UK Limited ("The Company") is a private company limited by share capital incorporated and domiciled in England and Wales.
The address of its registered office is: 16 Great Queen Street, Covent Garden, London, WC2B 5AH, United Kingdom. 

2.Accounting policies

 
2.1

Basis of preparation

These financial statements were prepared in accordance with Financial Reporting Standard 101 Reduced Disclosure Framework. The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention, except for certain items measured at fair value, and in accordance with the Companies Act 2006.
 
This represents the Company’s first application of  FRS 101, which involves the application of international financial reporting standards (IFRS) with a reduced level of disclosure. 
The financial statements of the Company for 2023 were prepared in accordance with Financial Reporting Standard 102 applicable in UK and Republic of Ireland (FRS 102) and the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 as applicable to companies subject to small companies regime.
As applied to the Company, there is no material differences in recognition and measurement requirements between FRS 101 and FRS 102, however the disclosure requirements may differ. 

The material accounting policies applied in the preparation of these Financial Statements are set out below. These accounting policies have been consistently applied.

 
2.2

Going concern

As at the date of approving the financial statements, the Directors have considered the potential risks and uncertainties relating to ongoing geo-political events and its related economic impact on the Company's business, credit, market, and liquidity position. The balance sheet of the Company as at 31 December 2024 reports a net current asset of £11,773. The financial statements have been prepared under the going concern basis as the Company has an approved credit facility for €500,000 and the Directors are satisfied that the Company has adequate resources to meet its financial commitments over the going concern period to 31 December 2026. Further details in respect of this funding are provided in note 11.

  
2.3

Judgements and estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with FRS 101 requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires management to exercise its judgement in the process of applying the Company’s accounting policies. The areas involving a higher degree of judgement or complexity, or areas where assumptions and estimates are significant to the financial statements are disclosed in the Critical accounting judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty note.

Page 10

 

SONNEN UK LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

2.Accounting policies (continued)

  
2.4

New standards and the amendments to existing standards applied

Amendments to IFRS 16 - Lease Liability in a Sale and Leaseback 
Amendment to IFRS 16 has been introduced with effect to reporting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2024. A sale and leaseback is a transaction in which the owner of an asset sells the asset and leases that asset back from the buyer for a period of time.
The amendment introduces a new accounting model for variable payments:
 
On initial recognition, the seller-lessee includes variable lease payments when it measures a lease liability arising from a sale-and-leaseback transaction.
After initial recognition, the seller-lessee applies the general requirements for subsequent accounting of the lease liability such that it recognises no gain or loss relating to the right of use it retains ie. The seller-lessee would reduce the lease liability as if the ‘lease payments’ estimated at the date of the transaction had been paid. It would recognise any difference between those lease payments and the amounts actually paid in profit or loss.

The Company applied the amendments to the sale-and-leaseback agreements entered into since 2019  and has assessed that there is no material impact due to the amendment. Therefore, no adjustments are made to the opening financial period.
Amendments to IAS 1 - Non-current Liabilities with Covenants
Effective for reporting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2024, the amendments to IAS 1 clarify the criteria for classifying a liability as non-current.
A liability is classified as non-current if, at the end of the reporting period, the entity has the right to defer settlement for at least twelve months. This right must exist at the end of the reporting period and must not be influenced by management’s intentions or expectations about whether they will exercise this right.
The Company applied the amendments to the non-current liabilities and has assessed that there is no material impact due to the amendment. Therefore, no adjustments are made to the opening financial period.

Page 11

 

SONNEN UK LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

2.Accounting policies (continued)

  
2.5

Exemptions from the disclosure requirements

The following exemptions from the disclosure requirements of IFRS have been applied in the preparation of these financial statements, in accordance with FRS 101:
 
Paragraphs 45(b) and 46 to 52 of IFRS 2, ‘Share-based payment’ (details of the number and weighted-average exercise prices of share options, and how the fair value of goods or services received was determined);
IFRS 7, ‘Financial Instruments: Disclosures’;
Paragraphs 91 to 99 of IFRS 13, ‘Fair value measurement’ (disclosure of valuation techniques and inputs used for fair value measurement of assets and liabilities);
Paragraph 38 of IAS 1, ‘Presentation of financial statements’ comparative information requirements in respect of:
(i) paragraphs 53(a), (h) and (j) of IFRS 16;
(ii) paragraph 79(a)(iv) of IAS 1 ‘Presentation of financial statements’;
(iii) paragraph 73(e) of IAS 16 ‘Property, plant and equipment’;
(iv) paragraph 118(e) of IAS 38 ‘Intangible assets’ (reconciliation between the carrying amount at the beginning and end of the period)
The following paragraphs of IAS 1, ‘Presentation of financial statements’: 
(i) 10(d) (statement of cash flows); 
(ii) 10(f) (a balance sheet as at the beginning of the preceding period when an entity applies an accounting policy retrospectively or makes a retrospective restatement of items in its financial statements, or when it reclassifies items in its financial statements); 
(iii) 16 (statement of compliance with all IFRS); 
(iv) 38A (requirement to present a minimum of two statements for each of the primary financial  statements, including cash flow statements and related notes); 
(v) 38B-D (additional comparative information); 
(vi) 40A-D (requirements for a third balance sheet); 
(vii) 111 (cash flow statement information); and 
(viii) 134-136 (capital management disclosures);
IAS 7, ‘Statement of cash flows’;
Paragraph 30 and 31 of IAS 8 ‘Accounting policies, changes in accounting estimates and errors’ (requirement for the disclosure of information when an entity has not applied a new IFRS that has been issued but is not yet effective);
Paragraph 17 and 18A of IAS 24, ‘Related party disclosures’ (key management compensation);
The requirements in IAS 24, ‘Related party disclosures’ to disclose related party transactions entered into between two or more wholly owned members of a Group;
The paragraph 88C and 88D of IAS 12, ‘Income Taxes’ (requirement to disclose estimated exposure to Pillar Two income taxes arising from that legislation).

Page 12

 

SONNEN UK LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

2.Accounting policies (continued)

  
2.6

Foreign currency translation

(i) Functional and presentation currency
Items included in the financial statements of the Company are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the Company operates (‘the functional currency’). The financial statements are presented in £GBP which is also the Company’s functional currency. 
(ii) Transaction and balances
Income and expense items denominated in foreign currencies are translated into £ at the rate ruling on their transaction date.
Monetary assets and liabilities recorded in foreign currencies have been translated into £ at the rates of exchange ruling at the year end. Differences on translation are included in the profit and loss account. Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency are translated using exchange rates at the date of the transaction. No subsequent translations are made once this has occurred.

  
2.7

Financial instruments

Financial assets
Financial assets are classified at initial recognition and subsequently measured at amortised cost, fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI) or fair value through profit or loss (FVTPL). The classification of financial assets is determined by the contractual cash flows and where applicable the business model for managing the financial assets.
A financial asset is measured at amortised cost if the objective of the business model is to hold the financial asset in order to collect contractual cash flows and the contractual terms give rise to cash flows that are solely payments of principal and interest. Financial assets at amortised cost are initially recognised at fair value plus or minus transaction costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition or issue of the financial asset. Subsequently the financial asset is measured using the effective interest method less any impairment. 
Gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss when the asset is derecognised, modified or impaired. All equity instruments and other debt instruments are recognised at fair value. For equity instruments, on initial recognition, an irrevocable election (on an instrument-by-instrument basis) can be made to designate these as at FVOCI (without recycling to profit and loss) instead of FVTPL. Dividends received on equity instruments are recognised as other income in profit or loss when the right of payment has been established, except when the Company benefits from such proceeds as a recovery of part of the cost of the financial asset, in which case, such gains are recorded in other comprehensive income.
Impairment of financial assets
The impairment requirements for expected credit losses are applied to financial assets measured at amortised cost, financial assets measured at FVOCI and financial guarantees contracts to which IFRS 9 is applied and that are not accounted for at FVTPL. If the credit risk on the financial asset has increased significantly since initial recognition, the loss allowance for the financial asset is measured at an amount equal to the lifetime expected credit losses. In other instances, the loss allowance for the financial asset is measured at an amount equal to the twelve month expected credit losses (ECLs). Changes in loss allowances are recognised in profit and loss. For trade debtors that do not contain a significant financing component, the simplified approach is applied recognising expected lifetime credit losses from initial recognition.
 
Page 13

 

SONNEN UK LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

2.Accounting policies (continued)

2.7 Financial instruments (continued)
As a result of geo-political events, there continues to be uncertainty in the macroeconomic conditions with an expected negative impact on global economic environment. Therefore, this has an impact on our customers who are also exposed to the same macroeconomic changes. The Company however has Credit –risk policies in place to ensure that sales are made to customers with appropriate creditworthiness, and include detailed credit analysis and monitoring of customers against counterparty credit limits. Where appropriate, netting arrangements, credit insurance, prepayments and collateral are used to manage credit risk. Therefore, the Company’s risk of exposure to bad debts is not significant. 
Financial liabilities
Financial liabilities are measured at amortised cost, unless they are required to be measured at FVTPL, such as instruments held for trading, or the Company has opted to measure them at FVTPL. Debt and trade creditors are recognised initially at fair value based on amounts exchanged, net of transaction costs, and subsequently at amortised cost. Interest expense on debt is accounted for using the effective interest method and is recognised in income. 

 

2.8 Taxation

Tax is recognised in profit or loss, except that tax attributable to an item of income or expense recognised as other comprehensive income is also recognised directly in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. 
In May 2023, amendments to IAS 12 were published and adopted from that date. The amendments introduce a temporary mandatory exception from accounting for deferred taxes arising from the jurisdictional implementation of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) /G20 Inclusive Framework on Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) Pillar Two Model Rules.
These amendments were introduced in response to uncertainty of how the Pillar Two Rules might create additional temporary differences and what remeasurements might be involved.
On June 20, 2023, the United Kingdom substantively enacted substantially all of the OECD’s Pillar Two Model Rules, effective as from accounting periods beginning on or after 1 January 2024.
There are two elements to the legislation — the multinational top-up tax (MTUT) and the domestic top-up tax (DTT) and both will apply to large multinational enterprises for accounting periods beginning on or after 31 December 2023. However, the Finance Bill 2024-25 confirms the UK’s Undertaxed Profits Rule (UTPR) rules will apply for accounting periods beginning on or after 31 December 2024. 
Shell has established a Group-wide Pillar Two Project, with oversight from senior executives, to prepare for and implement these new tax rules. Shell has applied the mandatory temporary exception, as set out in the amendment to IAS 12, under which a company does not recognize or disclose information about deferred tax assets and liabilities related to Pillar Two income.
IAS 12 amendments, published in May 2021, were adopted as from 1 January 2023. These amendments require companies to recognise deferred tax on particular transactions that, on initial recognition, give rise to equal amounts of taxable and deductible temporary differences. The amendments typically apply to transactions where assets and liabilities are recognised from a single transaction, such as leases for the lessee and decommissioning and restoration provisions.
The amendments had no impact on the financial statements of the Company. 
 
Page 14

 

SONNEN UK LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

2.Accounting policies (continued)



2.8 Taxation (continued)

Current tax
The current income tax charge is calculated on the basis of tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date. This represents income tax payable to tax authorities or income tax loss Group relief to surrender to or to be received from other Group undertakings, and for which payment is requested. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation by Shell and tax authorities differently and establishes provisions where appropriate.
Provisions for uncertain income tax positions/treatments are measured at the most likely amount or the expected value, whichever method is more appropriate. Generally, uncertain tax treatments are assessed on an individual basis, except where they are expected to be settled collectively. It is assumed that taxing authorities will examine positions taken if they have the right to do so and that they have full knowledge of the relevant information.
Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts in the financial statements at the balance sheet date. 
Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, unused tax losses and credits carried forward can be utilised.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using corporation tax rates that are expected to apply in the periods in which the temporary differences are expected to reverse based on tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date. 
Deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent it is considered probable that those assets will be recoverable. This involves an assessment of when those assets are likely to reverse, and a judgement as to whether or not there will be sufficient taxable profits available to offset the assets when they do reverse. The recognition of deferred tax assets exceeding deferred tax liabilities, despite the entity being in a loss position in the current year is substantiated by profits available in other entities within UK ORF group. Profits and losses can be group relieved within the UK ORF. The ability to offset profits and losses within the ORF group provides the necessary evidence to justify the recognition of deferred tax assets in excess of deferred tax liabilities.

This requires assumptions regarding future profitability and is therefore inherently uncertain. The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilised. Unrecognised deferred tax assets are re-assessed at each reporting date and are recognised to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are presented separately except where there is a legally enforceable right to and an intention to settle such balances on a net basis.
Deferred taxes on movement in temporary difference which are recognised outside P&L (i.e. in Other Comprehensive Income or equity) will be recorded through OCI or equity.
Amounts relating to deferred tax are undiscounted.

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SONNEN UK LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

3.


Operating loss

The operating loss is stated after charging:

31 December
5 months ended
31 December
2024
2023
£
£

Administrative expense
53,866
-


4.


Auditors' remuneration

During the year, the Company obtained the following services from the Company's auditors:


2024
5 months
ended
31 December 2023
£
£

Fees payable to the Company's auditors for the audit of the Company's financial statements
8,300
-


5.


Staff costs

The Company had no employees during 2024 (5-month period ended 31 December 2023: none).

None of the Directors received any emoluments (5-month period ended 31 December 2023: none) in respect of their services to the Company.


6.


Interest receivable and similar income

31 December
5 months ended
31 December
2024
2023
£
£


Other interest receivable
539
-

7.


Tax on loss

There are £53,327 of losses (2023: none) for which no deferred tax asset is recognised in the balance sheet. The deferred tax asset has not been recognised due to the uncertainty over future profits.

Page 16

 

SONNEN UK LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

8.


Debtors

2024
2023
£
£


Other debtors
2,071
100


The Company has recorded all financial assets at amortised cost.


9.


Creditors: Amounts falling due within one year

2024
2023
£
£

Accruals and deferred income
34,651
-


The Company has recorded all financial liabilities at amortised cost.


10.


Called up share capital

2024
2023
£
£
Allotted, called up and fully paid



65,100 (2023 - 100) ordinary shares of £1.00 each
65,100
100


New shares allotted
During the year, 65,000 of ordinary share capital having an aggregate nominal value of £1 were allotted for an aggregate consideration of £65,000.


11.


Events after the end of the reporting period

On 5 March 2025, a further 200,000 ordinary shares, each with a nominal value of £1 per share, were allotted and fully paid. 
The shares have attached to them full voting, dividends and capital distribution (including on winding up) rights; they do not confer any rights of redemption. 
On 14 July 2025, the Company's immediate parent undertaking, Sonnen Holding GmbH provided a credit facility of €500,000 in order for the Company to meet its liabilities and commitments over the going concern period to 31 December 2026. This loan is chargeable to interest at 3% and repayable on 31 December 2026. 

Page 17

 

SONNEN UK LIMITED

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

12.


Controlling party

The immediate parent Company is Sonnen Holding GmbH.
The ultimate parent Company and controlling party is Shell plc, which is incorporated in England and Wales. Shell plc is the parent undertaking of the smallest and largest group to consolidate these financial statements.
The consolidated financial statements of Shell plc are available from: 
Shell plc
Tel: +44 800 731 8888
email: order@shell.com
Registered office: Shell Centre, London, SE1 7NA

Page 18