Basic financial instruments are initially accounted for at their transaction price except for financing transactions (such as certain debt instruments) which are measured at the present value of the future payments discounted using a market rate of interest. Subsequently, basic financial instruments are measured as follows:
Investments in publicly traded non-convertible preference shares, and non-puttable ordinary shares, are measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognised in the profit and loss account and subsequently transfered to other reserves.