Company No: 03060324 (England and Wales)

Contents

• Balance Sheet
• Notes to the Financial Statements

	Note	2025		2024
		£		£
Fixed assets
Intangible assets	4	1,212,680		1,360,951
Tangible assets	5	118,332		37,670
Investments	6	29,314		26,989
		1,360,326		1,425,610
Current assets
Stocks		0		340,000
Debtors	7	525,839		484,368
Cash at bank and in hand		572,847		1,142
		1,098,686		825,510
Creditors: amounts falling due within one year	8	( 1,139,826)		( 1,164,683)
Net current liabilities		(41,140)		(339,173)
Total assets less current liabilities		1,319,186		1,086,437
Creditors: amounts falling due after more than one year	9	( 872,081)		( 927,740)
Net assets		447,105		158,697
Capital and reserves
Called-up share capital		3,485		3,485
Share premium account		49,600		49,600
Capital redemption reserve		59,261		31,523
Profit and loss account		334,759		74,089
Total shareholders' funds		447,105		158,697

For the financial year ending 31 March 2025 the Company was entitled to exemption from audit under section 477 of the Companies Act 2006 relating to small companies.

Directors' responsibilities:

• The members have not required the Company to obtain an audit of its financial statements for the financial year in accordance with section 476;
• The directors acknowledge their responsibilities for complying with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 with respect to accounting records and the preparation of financial statements; and
• These financial statements have been prepared and delivered in accordance with the provisions applicable to companies subject to the small companies regime and a copy of the Profit and Loss Account has not been delivered.

The financial statements of Cooper and Tanner 1908 Limited (registered number: 03060324) were approved and authorised for issue by the Board of Directors on 13 October 2025. They were signed on its behalf by:

N P S Oliver Director

1. Accounting policies

The principal accounting policies are summarised below. They have all been applied consistently throughout the financial year and to the preceding financial year, unless otherwise stated.

General information and basis of accounting

Cooper and Tanner 1908 Limited (the Company) is a private company, limited by shares, incorporated in the United Kingdom under the Companies Act 2006 and is registered in England and Wales. The address of the Company's registered office is The Agricultural Centre, Frome Market, Standerwick, Frome, BA11 2QB, United Kingdom.

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention, and in accordance with Section 1A of Financial Reporting Standard 102 (FRS 102) ‘The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland’ issued by the Financial Reporting Council and the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 as applicable to companies subject to the small companies regime.

The financial statements are presented in pounds sterling which is the functional currency of the Company and rounded to the nearest £.

Going concern

The directors have assessed the Balance Sheet and likely future cash flows at the date of approving these financial statements. The directors have a reasonable expectation that the Company has adequate resources to continue in operational existence and to meet its financial obligations as they fall due for at least 12 months from the date of signing these financial statements. Accordingly, they continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the financial statements.

Group accounts exemption

Group accounts exemption s399
The Company has taken advantage of the exemption under section 399 of the Companies Act 2006 not to prepare consolidated accounts, on the basis that the group of which this is the parent qualifies as a small group. The financial statements present information about the Company as an individual entity and not about its group.

Foreign currency

Transactions in foreign currencies are recorded at the rate of exchange at the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at the Balance Sheet date are reported at the rates of exchange prevailing at that date.

Exchange differences are recognised in the Profit and Loss Account in the period in which they arise except for exchange differences arising on gains or losses on non-monetary items which are recognised in the Statement of Comprehensive Income.

Turnover

Turnover is stated net of VAT and trade discounts and is recognised when the significant risks and rewards are considered to have been transferred to the buyer. Turnover from the supply of services represents the value of services provided under contracts to the extent that there is a right to consideration and is recorded at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable. Where a contract has only been partially completed at the Balance Sheet date turnover represents the fair value of the service provided to date based on the stage of completion of the contract activity at the Balance Sheet date. Where payments are received from customers in advance of services provided, the amounts are recorded as deferred income and included as part of creditors due within one year.

Employee benefits

Short term benefits
The cost of any unused holiday entitlement is recognised in the period in which the employee’s services are received.

Termination benefits are recognised as an expense when the Company is demonstrably committed to terminate the employment of an employee or to provide termination benefits.

Defined contribution schemes
The Company operates a defined contribution scheme. The amount charged to the Profit and Loss Account in respect of pension costs and other post-retirement benefits is the contributions payable in the financial year. Differences between contributions payable in the financial year and contributions actually paid are included as either accruals or prepayments in the Balance Sheet.

Taxation

Current tax
Current tax is provided at amounts expected to be paid (or recoverable) using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the Balance Sheet date.

Deferred tax
Deferred tax arises as a result of including items of income and expenditure in taxation computations in periods different from those in which they are included in the Company's financial statements. Deferred tax is provided in full on timing differences which result in an obligation to pay more or less tax at a future date, at the average tax rates that are expected to apply when the timing differences reverse, based on current tax rates and laws. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are not discounted.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets are reviewed at each reporting date and a valuation allowance is set up against deferred tax assets so that the net carrying amount equals the highest amount that is more likely than not to be recovered based on current or future taxable profit.

Intangible assets

Intangible assets are stated at cost or valuation, net of amortisation and any provision for impairment. Amortisation is provided on all intangible assets at rates to write off the cost or valuation of each asset over its expected useful life as follows:

Goodwill	5 - 20 years straight line
Other intangible assets	5 years straight line

Goodwill

Goodwill arises on business combination and represents any excess of consideration given over the fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities acquired. Goodwill is initially recognised as an intangible asset at cost and is subsequently measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. Goodwill is amortised on a straight line basis over its useful economic life, which is 5 years for third party acquisitions, and 20 years for the acquisition of the trade and assets of Cooper & Tanner LLP.

Other intangible assets

Intangible assets are initially recognised at cost. After recognition, under the cost model, intangible assets are measured at cost less any accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses.

All intangible assets are considered to have a finite useful life. If a reliable estimate of the useful life cannot be made, the useful life shall not exceed ten years.

Tangible fixed assets

Tangible fixed assets are stated at cost or valuation, net of depreciation and any provision for impairment. Depreciation is provided on all tangible fixed assets, other than investment property and freehold land, at rates calculated to write off the cost or valuation, less estimated residual value, of each asset on a straight-line or reducing balance basis over its expected useful life, as follows:

Land and buildings	depreciated over the life of the lease
Plant and machinery	1 years straight line
Fixtures and fittings	5 years straight line
Computer equipment	4 years straight line

Residual value represents the estimated amount which would currently be obtained from disposal of an asset, after deducting estimated costs of disposal, if the asset were already of the age and in the condition expected at the end of its useful life.

The gain or loss arising on the disposal of an asset is determined as the difference between the sale proceeds and the carrying value of the asset, and is credited or charged to profit or loss.

Impairment of assets

Assets, other than those measured at fair value, are assessed for indicators of impairment at each Balance Sheet date. If there is objective evidence of impairment, an impairment loss is recognised in the Profit and Loss Account as described below.

Non-financial assets
At each balance sheet date, the company reviews its tangible and intangible assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss.

If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). The recoverable amount of an asset is the higher of its fair value less costs to sell and its value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.

Where it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs. An impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation decrease.

Financial assets
An asset is impaired where there is objective evidence that, as a result of one or more events that occurred after initial recognition, the estimated recoverable value of the asset has been reduced. The recoverable amount of an asset is the higher of its fair value less costs to sell and its value in use.

Where indicators exist for a decrease in impairment loss, the prior impairment loss is tested to determine reversal. An impairment loss is reversed on an individual impaired asset to the extent that the revised recoverable value does not lead to a revised carrying amount higher than the carrying value had no impairment been recognised.

For financial assets carried at amortised cost, the amount of impairment is the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the present value of estimated future cash flows, discounted at the financial asset’s original effective interest rate.

For financial assets carried at cost less impairment, the impairment loss is the difference between the asset’s carrying amount and the best estimate of the amount that would be received for the asset if it were to be sold at the reporting date.

Where indicators exist for a decrease in impairment loss, and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment was recognised, the prior impairment loss is tested to determine reversal. An impairment loss is reversed on an individual impaired financial asset to the extent that the revised recoverable value does not lead to a revised carrying amount higher than the carrying value had no impairment been recognised.

Fixed asset investments

Investments are recognised initially at fair value which is normally the transaction price excluding transaction costs. Subsequently, they are measured at fair value through profit or loss if the shares are publicly traded or their fair value can otherwise be measured reliably. Other investments are measured at cost less impairment.

Stocks

Stocks are stated at the lower of cost and estimated selling price less costs to sell, which is equivalent to the net realisable value. Cost includes materials, direct labour and an attributable proportion of manufacturing overheads based on normal levels of activity. Cost is calculated using the FIFO (first-in, first-out) method. Provision is made for obsolete, slow-moving or defective items where appropriate.

At each reporting date, an assessment is made for impairment. Any excess of the carrying amount of stocks over its estimated selling price less costs to complete and sell is recognised as an impairment loss in profit or loss. Reversals of impairment losses are also recognised in profit or loss.

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents are basic financial assets and include cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks, other short-term liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less, and bank overdrafts. Bank overdrafts are shown within borrowings in creditors: amounts falling due within one year.

Financial instruments

Financial assets and financial liabilities are recognised when the Company becomes a party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

Financial liabilities and equity instruments are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into. An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the Company after deducting all of its liabilities.

Financial assets and liabilities are only offset in the Balance Sheet when, and only when there exists a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and the Company intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Basic financial assets
Basic financial assets, which include debtors and cash and bank balances, are initially measured at transaction price including transaction costs and are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest method unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the transaction is measured at the present value of the future receipts discounted at a market rate of interest. Financial assets classified as receivable within one year are not amortised.

Basic financial liabilities
Basic financial liabilities, including creditors, bank loans, loans from fellow group companies and preference shares that are classified as debt, are initially recognised at transaction price unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the debt instrument is measured at the present value of the future payments discounted at a market rate of interest. Financial liabilities classified as payable within one year are not amortised.

Debt instruments are subsequently carried at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method.

Trade creditors are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business from suppliers. Amounts payable are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less. If not, they are presented as non-current liabilities. Trade creditors are recognised initially at transaction price and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

Equity instruments
Equity instruments issued by the Company are recorded at the fair value of cash or other resources received or receivable, net of direct issue costs. If payment is deferred and the time value of money is material, the initial measurement is on a present value basis. Dividends payable on equity instruments are recognised as liabilities once they are no longer at the discretion of the Company.

Dividends

Equity dividends are recognised when they become legally payable. Interim equity dividends are recognised when paid. Final equity dividends are recognised when approved by the shareholders at an annual general meeting.

Amounts recoverable under contracts

Amounts recoverable under contracts represents work done at the year end where a continuing right to receive income exists.

2. Employees

	2025		2024
	Number		Number
Monthly average number of persons employed by the Company during the year, including directors	115		113

3. Share-based payments

Equity-settled share-based payment schemes

The Company has a share option scheme for certain employees.

Options are exercisable at a price equal to the estimated fair value of the Company’s shares on the date of grant. The vesting period is immediate. If the options remain unexercised after a period of ten years from the date of grant the options expire. Options are forfeited if the employee leaves the Company before the options vest.

Details of the share options outstanding during the financial year are as follows:

	2025			2024
	Weighted Average			Weighted Average
	Number of share options	Average exercise price (£)		Number of share options	Average exercise price (£)
Outstanding at beginning of period	0	0		0	0
Granted during the period	975	361.00		0	0
Outstanding at the end of the period	975	361.00		0	0
Exercisable at the end of the period	975	361.00		0	0

The fair value of the share options at the grant date was calculated using the Black Scholes model, which is considered to be the most appropriate generally accepted valuation method of measuring fair value.

4. Intangible assets

	Goodwill		Other intangible assets		Total
	£		£		£
Cost
At 01 April 2024	1,858,776		14,000		1,872,776
Additions	0		14,200		14,200
At 31 March 2025	1,858,776		28,200		1,886,976
Accumulated amortisation
At 01 April 2024	506,225		5,600		511,825
Charge for the financial year	156,556		5,915		162,471
At 31 March 2025	662,781		11,515		674,296
Net book value
At 31 March 2025	1,195,995		16,685		1,212,680
At 31 March 2024	1,352,551		8,400		1,360,951

5. Tangible assets

	Land and buildings		Plant and machinery		Fixtures and fittings		Computer equipment		Total
	£		£		£		£		£
Cost
At 01 April 2024	29,788		14,247		38,646		44,700		127,381
Additions	19,273		0		9,722		75,121		104,116
At 31 March 2025	49,061		14,247		48,368		119,821		231,497
Accumulated depreciation
At 01 April 2024	12,127		12,766		31,754		33,064		89,711
Charge for the financial year	8,204		1,481		4,047		9,722		23,454
At 31 March 2025	20,331		14,247		35,801		42,786		113,165
Net book value
At 31 March 2025	28,730		0		12,567		77,035		118,332
At 31 March 2024	17,661		1,481		6,892		11,636		37,670

6. Fixed asset investments

	Other investments		Total
	£		£
Cost or valuation before impairment
At 01 April 2024	26,989		26,989
Additions	2,325		2,325
At 31 March 2025	29,314		29,314
Carrying value at 31 March 2025	29,314		29,314
Carrying value at 31 March 2024	26,989		26,989

7. Debtors

	2025		2024
	£		£
Trade debtors	451,288		405,485
Other debtors	74,551		78,883
	525,839		484,368

8. Creditors: amounts falling due within one year

	2025		2024
	£		£
Bank overdrafts	0		77,426
Trade creditors	137,911		134,569
Amounts owed to related parties	74,999		130,545
Taxation and social security	519,015		431,031
Other creditors	407,901		391,112
	1,139,826		1,164,683

Directors have provided personal guarantee on the overdraft up to the value of £75,000 within creditors which is due within 1 year.

9. Creditors: amounts falling due after more than one year

	2025		2024
	£		£
Other creditors	872,081		927,740

There are no amounts included above in respect of which any security has been given by the small entity.

10. Financial commitments

Commitments

	2025		2024
	£		£
Total future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases	450,849		667,322

11. Related party transactions

Transactions with the entity's directors

	2025		2024
	£		£
Directors' Loan Account	0		667

Advances

During the year a Director maintained a Director's Loan Account with the company. Advances of £417 (2023: £0) and repayments of £1,084 (2023: £1,000) were made on this loan. Interest is charged on the loan, when overdrawn, at the HMRC effective rate of interest, if exceeding a balance of £10,000. At the balance sheet date, the Director owed the company £0 (2023: £667). The loan is repayable on demand.