Our approach to identifying and assessing the risks of material misstatement in respect of irregularities, including
fraud and non-compliance with laws and regulations, was as follows:
- the engagement partner ensured that the engagement team collectively had the appropriate competence,
capabilities and skills to identify or recognise non-compliance with applicable laws and regulations;
- we identified the laws and regulations applicable to the company through discussions with directors and other
management, and from our commercial knowledge and experience of the floor cleaning machines sector;
- we focussed on specific laws and regulations which we considered may have a direct material effect on the
financial statements or the operations of the company, including the Companies Act 2006, taxation legislation, data
protection, anti-bribery, employment, environmental and health and safety legislation;
- identified laws and regulations were communicated within the audit team regularly and the team remained alert to
instances of non-compliance throughout the audit;
We assessed the susceptibility of the company's financial statements to material misstatement, including obtaining
an understanding of how fraud might occur, by:
- making enquiries of management as to whether they considered there was susceptibility to fraud, their knowledge
of actual, suspected and alleged fraud;
- considering the internal controls in place to mitigate risks of fraud and non-compliance with laws and regulations
To address the risk of fraud through management bias and override of controls, we:
- performed analytical procedures to identify and unusual or unexpected relationships;
- tested journal entries to identify unusual transactions;
- assessed whether judgements and assumptions made in determining the accounting estimates were indicative of
potential bias;
- investigated the rationale behind significant or unusual transactions
In response to the risk of irregularities and non-compliance with laws and regulations, we designed procedures
which included but were not limited to:
- agreeing financial statement disclosures to underlying supporting documentation;
- reading the minutes of meetings of those charged with governance;
- enquiring of management as to actual and potential litigation and claims;
- reviewing correspondence with HMRC, relevant regulators and the company's legal advisors.
There are inherent limitations in our audit procedures described above. The more removed that laws and
regulations are from financial transactions, the less likely it is that we would become aware of non-compliance.
Auditing standards also limit the audit procedures required to identify non-compliance with laws and regulations to
enquiry of the directors and other management and the inspection of regulatory and legal correspondence, if any.
Material misstatements that arise due to fraud can be harder to detect than those that arise from error as they may
involve deliberate concealment or collusion.