Turnover is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, net of discounts and value added taxes. Turnover includes revenue earned from the sale of goods and from the rendering of services. Turnover is reduced for estimated customer returns, rebates and other similar allowances.
Sale of goods
Turnover from the sale of goods is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods has transferred to the buyer. This is usually at the point that the customer has signed for the delivery of the goods.
Revenue recognition
The Company derives its revenues primarily from engineering contract revenue over time, as performance obligations are satisfied, due to the continuous transfer of control to the customer. Certain engineering contracts are accounted for as a single unit of account (a single performance obligation) and are not segmented between types of services.
The Company recognizes revenue for work performed under three major types of contracts: fixed price, time and materials, and cost plus. Under fixed price contracts, our clients pay an agreed upon fixed amount negotiated in advance for a specified scope of work. On fixed price contracts, the Company recognizes revenue on the percentage of completion method, measured by the percentage of total contract costs incurred to date compared to the estimated total contract costs for each contract (an input method).
Under time and materials contracts, the Company negotiated hourly billing rates and charges our clients based on the actual time that the Company spends on the project. In addition, clients reimburse the Company for actual out of pocket costs for materials and other direct incidental expenditures that are incurred in connection with performance under the contract. The Company recognizes revenue on time and materials contracts when the related costs are incurred (an input method). Under cost plus contracts, the Company is reimbursed for allowable or otherwise defined costs incurred plus a negotiated fee. The Company recognizes revenue from cost plus contracts based on the actual cost it has expended plus the portion of the fixed fee it has earned to date or the applicable fixed rate it has negotiated with the client (an input method).
For contracts with multiple performance obligations, the Company allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation using an estimate of the standalone selling price of each distinct service in the contract. Revenues recognized on service contracts that have not been billed to clients are classified as a contract asset under current assets on the balance sheet. Amounts billed to clients in excess of revenue recognized on service contracts are classified as a contract liability under current liabilities.
Contract costs include all direct material, subcontractor, and labour costs and those indirect costs related to contract performance. General and administrative costs are charged to expense as incurred. Contract losses are provided for in the period they become known.