For the financial year ending 30 September 2024 the company was entitled to exemption from audit under section 477 of the Companies Act 2006 relating to small companies.

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Financial Reporting Standard 102 Section 1A smaller entities - 'The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland' and the Companies Act 2006 (as applicable to companies subject to the small companies' regime).

These financial statements have been prepared using the historical cost convention except that as disclosed in the accounting policies certain items are shown at fair value.

The financial statements are prepared in sterling, which is the functional and presentational currency of the company, and rounded to the nearest £.

Revenue comprises the fair value of the consideration received or receivable for the sale of goods and for the provision of services in the ordinary course of the company’s activities. Revenue is shown net of sales/value added tax, returns, rebates and discounts.

The company recognises revenue for the sale of goods when all the following conditions are satisfied:
a) the significant risks and rewards of ownership have been transferred to the buyer;
b) the group retains no continuing involvement or control over the goods;
c) the amount of revenue can be reliably measured;
d) it is probable that future economic benefits will flow to the company; and
e) specific criteria have been met for each of the groups activities.

The company recognises revenue from the provision of services in the period in which the services are provided in accordance with the stage of completion of the contract when all of the following conditions are satisfied:
a) the amount of revenue can be reliably measured;
b) it is probable that future economic benefit will flow to the company;
c) the stage of completion of the contract at the end of the reporting period can be reliably measured; and
d) the costs incurred and the costs to complete the contract can be reliably measured.
 

Government grants are recognised when it is reasonable to expect that the grants will be received
and that all related conditions will be met, usually on submission of a valid claim or payment.

Government grants in respect of capital expenditure are credited to a deferred income account and
are released to profit over the expected useful lives of the relevant assets by equal annual
instalments.
Grants of a revenue nature are credited to income so as to match them with the expenditure to which
they relate.

The tax expense for the period comprises deferred tax. Tax is recognised in profit or loss, except that a change attributable to an item of income or expense recognised as other comprehensive income is also recognised directly in other comprehensive income.

Deferred tax is recognised in respect of all timing differences between taxable profits and profits reported in the financial statements.

Unrelieved tax losses and other deferred tax assets are recognised when it is probable that they will be recovered against the reversal of deferred tax liabilities or other future taxable profits.

Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date and that are expected to apply to the reversal of the timing difference.

Tangible assets are stated in the Balance Sheet at cost, less any subsequent accumulated depreciation and subsequent accumulated impairment losses.

The cost of tangible assets includes directly attributable incremental costs incurred in their acquisition and installation.

Depreciation is charged so as to write off the cost of assets, other than land and properties under construction over their estimated useful lives, as follows:

Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash on hand and call deposits, and other short-term highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to a known amount of cash and are subject to an insignificant risk of change in value.

Stocks are stated as the cost of finished goods and work in progress comprises direct materials and, where applicable, direct labour costs and those overheads that have been incurred in bringing the stocks to their present location and condition. At each reporting date, stocks are assessed for impairment. If stocks are impaired, the carrying amount is reduced to its selling price less costs to complete and sell; the impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss.

Interest-bearing borrowings are initially recorded at fair value, net of transaction costs. Interest-bearing borrowings are subsequently carried at amortised cost, with the difference between the proceeds, net of transaction costs, and the amount due on redemption being recognised as a charge to the profit and loss account over the period of the relevant borrowing.

Interest expense is recognised on the basis of the effective interest method and is included in interest payable and similar charges.

Borrowings are classified as current liabilities unless the company has an unconditional right to defer settlement of the liability for at least twelve months after the reporting date.

Ordinary shares are classified as equity. Equity instruments are measured at the fair value of the cash or other resources received or receivable, net of the direct costs of issuing the equity instruments. If payment is deferred and the time value of money is material, the initial measurement is on a present value basis.

Ordinary shares are classified as equity. Equity instruments are measured at the fair value of the cash or other resources received or receivable, net of the direct costs of issuing the equity instruments. If payment is deferred and the time value of money is material, the initial measurement is on a present value basis.