Company registration number 09248682 (England and Wales)
RADIUS EUROPE HOLDING CO LTD
Annual report and financial statements
For the year ended 31 December 2024
RADIUS EUROPE HOLDING CO LTD
COMPANY INFORMATION
Directors
Mr S Lister
Mr M J Jackson
Mr J Weeks
Mr B A Eatroff
Mr N Kodati
Mr J P Barnes
Mr J I Meir
(Appointed 16 December 2024)
Mr P R Thomas
(Appointed 1 July 2025)
Company number
09248682
Registered office
Connect House
133-137 Alexandra Road
London
SW19 7JY
Auditor
WSM Advisors Limited
Connect House
133-137 Alexandra Road
Wimbledon
London
SW19 7JY
RADIUS EUROPE HOLDING CO LTD
CONTENTS
Page
Directors' report
1
Directors' responsibilities statement
2
Independent auditor's report
3 - 5
Profit and loss account
6
Group balance sheet
7
Company balance sheet
8
Group statement of changes in equity
9
Company statement of changes in equity
10
Notes to the financial statements
11 - 19
RADIUS EUROPE HOLDING CO LTD
DIRECTORS' REPORT
For the year ended 31 December 2024
- 1 -

The directors present their annual report and financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2024.

Principal activities

The principal activity of the company and group was the provision of market research services and public opinion polling.

Results and dividends

No ordinary dividends were paid. The directors do not recommend payment of a further dividend.

Directors

The directors who held office during the year and up to the date of signature of the financial statements were as follows:

Mr S Lister
Mr M J Jackson
Mr J Weeks
Mr B A Eatroff
Mr N Kodati
Mr J P Barnes
Mr D J Walker
(Appointed 16 December 2024 and resigned 1 July 2025)
Mr J I Meir
(Appointed 16 December 2024)
Mr P R Thomas
(Appointed 1 July 2025)
Statement of disclosure to auditor

So far as each person who was a director at the date of approving this report is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the auditor of the company is unaware. Additionally, the directors individually have taken all the necessary steps that they ought to have taken as directors in order to make themselves aware of all relevant audit information and to establish that the auditor of the company is aware of that information.

Going Concern

The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis. Radius Europe Holdings Co Limited has net current liabilities but it will receive support from other group companies to ensure that it is a going concern.

Small companies exemption

This report has been prepared in accordance with the provisions applicable to companies entitled to the small companies exemption.

On behalf of the board
Mr M J Jackson
Director
17 November 2025
RADIUS EUROPE HOLDING CO LTD
DIRECTORS' RESPONSIBILITIES STATEMENT
For the year ended 31 December 2024
- 2 -

The directors are responsible for preparing the Annual Report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.

Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the directors have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (United Kingdom Accounting Standards and applicable law). Under company law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the group and company, and of the profit or loss of the group for that period. In preparing these financial statements, the directors are required to:

- select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;

- make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent;

- state whether applicable UK Accounting Standards have been followed, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements;

- prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the group and company will continue in business.

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the group’s and company’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the group and company and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the group and company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

RADIUS EUROPE HOLDING CO LTD
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT
TO THE MEMBERS OF RADIUS EUROPE HOLDING CO LTD
- 3 -
Opinion

We have audited the financial statements of Radius Europe Holding Co Limited (the 'parent company') and its subsidiaries (the 'group') for the year ended 31 December 2024 which comprise the group profit and loss account, the group balance sheet, the company balance sheet, the group statement of changes in equity, the company statement of changes in equity and notes to the financial statements, including significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including Financial Reporting Standard 102 The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).

In our opinion the financial statements:

- give a true and fair view of the state of the group's and the parent company's affairs as at 31 December 2024 and of the group's profit for the year then ended;

- have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and

- have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.

Basis for opinion

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the group and parent company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

Conclusions relating to going concern

In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate.

Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the group's and parent company's ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue.

Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report.

Other information

The other information comprises the information included in the annual report other than the financial statements and our auditor's report thereon. The directors are responsible for the other information contained within the annual report. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact.

We have nothing to report in this regard.

Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of our audit:

- T he information given in the directors' r eport for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and

- The directors' report has been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.

RADIUS EUROPE HOLDING CO LTD
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT (CONTINUED)
TO THE MEMBERS OF RADIUS EUROPE HOLDING CO LTD
- 4 -
Matters on which we are required to report by exception

In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the group and parent company and their environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identifie d material misstatements in the directors' report. We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:

- adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or

- the parent company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or

- certain disclosures of directors' remuneration specified by law are not made; or

- we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit; or

- the directors were not entitled to prepare the financial statements in accordance with the small companies regime and take advantage of the small companies' exemption in preparing the directors' report and from the requirement to prepare a strategic report.

Responsibilities of directors

As explained more fully in the directors' r esponsibilities s tatement, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the parent company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the parent company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.

Auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor's report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.

The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud, is detailed below.

Our tests included agreeing the financial statement disclosures to underlying supporting documentation where relevant, enquiries with management as to the risks of non-compliance and any instances thereof, challenging assumptions and judgments made by management, and identifying and testing journal entries, in particular any journal entries posted with unusual account combinations.Our audit procedures also focused on laws and regulations that could give rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements, including, but not limited to, the Companies Act 2006.

Our audit procedures were designed to respond to risks of material misstatement in the financial statements, recognising that the risk of not detecting a material misstatement due to fraud is higher than the risk of not detecting one resulting from error, as fraud may involve deliberate concealment by, for example, forgery, misrepresentations or through collusion. There are inherent limitations in the audit procedures performed and the further removed non-compliance with laws and regulations is from the events and transactions reflected in the financial statements, the less likely we are to become aware of it.

A further description of our responsibilities is available on the Financial Reporting Council’s website at: https://www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our auditor's report.

RADIUS EUROPE HOLDING CO LTD
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT (CONTINUED)
TO THE MEMBERS OF RADIUS EUROPE HOLDING CO LTD
- 5 -

Use of our report

This report is made solely to the parent company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the parent company’s members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor's report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the parent company and the parent company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.

Wendy Patterson FCA (Senior Statutory Auditor)
For and on behalf of WSM Advisors Limited, Statutory Auditor
Chartered Accountants
17 November 2025
Connect House
133-137 Alexandra Road
Wimbledon
SW19 7JY
RADIUS EUROPE HOLDING CO LTD
GROUP PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT
For the year ended 31 December 2024
- 6 -
2024
2023
Notes
£
£
Turnover
6,464,719
1,470,259
Cost of sales
(3,091,227)
(1,082,336)
Gross profit
3,373,492
387,923
Administrative expenses
(2,677,498)
(422,461)
Operating profit/(loss)
695,994
(34,538)
Interest receivable and similar income
4
2,719
1,197
Interest payable and similar expenses
(32)
(29)
Profit/(loss) before taxation
698,681
(33,370)
Tax on profit/(loss)
135,718
-
0
Profit/(loss) for the financial year
13
834,399
(33,370)
Profit/(loss) for the financial year is all attributable to the owners of the parent company.
RADIUS EUROPE HOLDING CO LTD
GROUP BALANCE SHEET
As at 31 December 2024
- 7 -
2024
2023
Notes
£
£
£
£
Fixed assets
Tangible assets
5
45,805
33,655
Current assets
Stocks
231,500
107,864
Debtors
8
2,086,502
809,191
Cash at bank and in hand
171,734
924,346
2,489,736
1,841,401
Creditors: amounts falling due within one year
9
(2,894,975)
(3,078,548)
Net current liabilities
(405,239)
(1,237,147)
Total assets less current liabilities
(359,434)
(1,203,492)
Provisions for liabilities
10
(21,452)
(11,793)
Net liabilities
(380,886)
(1,215,285)
Capital and reserves
Called up share capital
10
10
Other reserves
530,407
530,407
Profit and loss reserves
13
(911,303)
(1,745,702)
Total equity
(380,886)
(1,215,285)

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the provisions applicable to groups and companies subject to the small companies regime.

The financial statements were approved by the board of directors and authorised for issue on 17 November 2025 and are signed on its behalf by:
17 November 2025
Mr M J Jackson
Director
Company registration number 09248682 (England and Wales)
RADIUS EUROPE HOLDING CO LTD
COMPANY BALANCE SHEET
As at 31 December 2024
31 December 2024
- 8 -
2024
2023
Notes
£
£
£
£
Fixed assets
Investments
6
530,407
530,407
Current assets
Stocks
46,253
47,551
Debtors
8
685,142
425,872
Cash at bank and in hand
99,012
50,511
830,407
523,934
Creditors: amounts falling due within one year
9
(2,203,677)
(2,129,800)
Net current liabilities
(1,373,270)
(1,605,866)
Net liabilities
(842,863)
(1,075,459)
Capital and reserves
Called up share capital
10
10
Other reserves
530,407
530,407
Profit and loss reserves
13
(1,373,280)
(1,605,876)
Total equity
(842,863)
(1,075,459)

As permitted by section 408 of the Companies Act 2006, the c ompany has not presented its own profit and loss account and related notes. The c ompany’s profit for the year was £232,596 (2023 - £106,457 profit).

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the provisions applicable to companies subject to the small companies regime.

The financial statements were approved by the board of directors and authorised for issue on 17 November 2025 and are signed on its behalf by:
17 November 2025
Mr M J Jackson
Director
Company registration number 09248682 (England and Wales)
RADIUS EUROPE HOLDING CO LTD
GROUP STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
For the year ended 31 December 2024
- 9 -
Share capital
Merger Reserve
Profit and loss reserves
Total
£
£
£
£
Balance at 1 January 2023
10
-
(1,712,332)
(1,712,322)
Year ended 31 December 2023:
Loss and total comprehensive income
-
-
(33,370)
(33,370)
Other movements
-
530,407
-
530,407
Balance at 31 December 2023
10
530,407
(1,745,702)
(1,215,285)
Year ended 31 December 2024:
Profit and total comprehensive income
-
-
834,399
834,399
Balance at 31 December 2024
10
530,407
(911,303)
(380,886)
RADIUS EUROPE HOLDING CO LTD
COMPANY STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
For the year ended 31 December 2024
- 10 -
Share capital
Merger Reserve
Profit and loss reserves
Total
£
£
£
£
Balance at 1 January 2023
10
-
(1,712,332)
(1,712,322)
Year ended 31 December 2023:
Profit and total comprehensive income for the year
-
-
106,456
106,456
Other movements
-
530,407
-
530,407
Balance at 31 December 2023
10
530,407
(1,605,876)
(1,075,459)
Year ended 31 December 2024:
Profit and total comprehensive income
-
-
232,596
232,596
Balance at 31 December 2024
10
530,407
(1,373,280)
(842,863)
RADIUS EUROPE HOLDING CO LTD
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
For the year ended 31 December 2024
- 11 -
1
Accounting policies
Company information

Radius Europe Holding Co Limited (“the company”) is a private limited company domiciled and incorporated in England and Wales. The registered office is Connect House , 133-137 Alexandra Road, London, SW19 7JU

The group consists of Radius Europe Holding Co Limited and all of its subsidiaries.

1.1
Basis of preparation

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with FRS 102 “The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland” (“FRS 102”) and the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 as applicable to companies subject to the small companies regime. The disclosure requirements of section 1A of FRS 102 have been applied other than where additional disclosure is required to show a true and fair view.

The financial statements are prepared in sterling, which is the functional currency of the company. Monetary a mounts in these financial statements are rounded to the nearest £.

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention. The principal accounting policies adopted are set out below.

1.2
Business combinations

Radius Holding Company LLC acquired Strive Insight Limited on 2nd November 2023. the original acquisition of Strive Insight Limited was recorded within Radius Holding Company LLC .

Radius Europe Holding Co Ltd acquired its holding in Strive Insight Limited via a share-for-share exchange on the 22nd May 2024. The m erger accounting method was used whereby the carrying values of the assets and liabilities of the combination ha d not been adjusted to fair value.

The results and cash flows of Strive Insight Ltd have been brought into the consolidated financial statements of the combined entity from 2nd November 2023 being the date on which the combination occurred.

There was no difference between the nominal value of the shares and the nominal value of the shares received in exchange. As a result there is no movement on other reserves presented in the consolidated financial statements.

Merger expenses were not included as part of this adjustment, but were instead charged to the profit and loss account as part of profit or loss of the combined entity at the effective date of the group reconstruction.

Guarantee from Radius Europe Holdings Co Limited to Strive Insight Limited

Strive Insight Limited has utilised the exemption from an audit for the year ended 31 December 2024 under section 479A of Companies Act 2006 which is available as Radius Europe Holdings Co Limited has given a statutory guarantee in line with s479C of Companies Act 2006, of all the outstanding liabilities as at 31 December 2024 of Strive Insight Limited.

RADIUS EUROPE HOLDING CO LTD
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
For the year ended 31 December 2024
1
Accounting policies
(Continued)
- 12 -
1.3
Basis of consolidation

The consolidated group financial statements consist of the financial statements of the parent company Radius Europe Holding Co Limited together with all entities controlled by the parent company (its subsidiaries) and the group’s share of its interests in joint ventures and associates.

All financial statements are made up to 31 December 2024. Where necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements of subsidiaries to bring the accounting policies used into line with those used by other members of the g roup.

All intra-group transactions, balances and unrealised gains on transactions between group companies are eliminated on consolidation. Unrealised losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred.

Subsidiaries are consolidated in the group’s financial statements from the date that control commences until the date that control ceases.

1.4
Going concern

The company had net current and total liabilities at the balance sheet date. At the time of approving the financial statements, the director has undertaken an assessment of the adequacy of the resources available to the company. The assessment includes evaluating the continued financial support provided by group companies and obtaining assurances of the continuation of that financial support. On the basis of this review the directors have a reasonable expectation that the company has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for a period of at least 12 months from the date of approval of the financial statements. Accordingly, they continue to adopt the going concern basis in preparing the financial statements.

1.5
Turnover

Turnover is recognised at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable for goods and services provided in the normal course of business, and is shown net of VAT and other sales related taxes. The fair value of consideration takes into account trade discounts, settlement discounts and volume rebates.

Revenue from contracts for the provision of professional services is recognised by reference to the stage of completion when the stage of completion, costs incurred and costs to complete can be estimated reliably. The stage of completion is calculated by comparing costs incurred, mainly in relation to contractual hourly staff rates and materials, as a proportion of total costs. Where the outcome cannot be estimated reliably, revenue is recognised only to the extent of the expenses recognised that it is probable will be recovered.

1.6
Tangible fixed assets

Tangible fixed assets are initially measured at cost and subsequently measured at cost or valuation, net of depreciation and any impairment losses.

Depreciation is recognised so as to write off the cost or valuation of assets less their residual values over their useful lives on the following bases:

Freehold land and buildings
20% on cost
Fixtures and fittings
25% on reducing balance
Computers
33% on reducing balance

The gain or loss arising on the disposal of an asset is determined as the difference between the sale proceeds and the carrying value of the asset, and is recognised in the profit and loss account.

RADIUS EUROPE HOLDING CO LTD
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
For the year ended 31 December 2024
1
Accounting policies
(Continued)
- 13 -
1.7
Fixed asset investments

Equity in vest ments are measured at fair value through profit or loss, except for those equity investments that are not publicly traded and whose fair value cannot otherwise be measured reliably, which are recognised at cost less impairment until a reliable measure of fair value becomes available.

I n the parent company financial statements, investments in subsidiaries are initially measured at cost and subsequently measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses.

A subsidiary is an entity controlled by the group. Control is the power to govern the financial and operating policies of the entity so as to obtain benefits from its activities.

1.8
Impairment of fixed assets

At each reporting period end date, the group reviews the carrying amounts of its tangible assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). Where it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs.

The carrying amount of the investments accounted for using the equity method is tested for impairment as a single asset. Any goodwill included in the carrying amount of the investment is not tested separately for impairment.

1.9
Stocks

Work in progress is recognised at the lower of amortised cost and net realisable value based on the stage of completion work the services provided.

1.10
Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents are basic financial assets and include cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks, other short-term liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less, and bank overdrafts. Bank overdrafts are shown within borrowings in current liabilities.

1.11
Financial instruments

The group has elected to apply the provisions of Section 11 ‘Basic Financial Instruments’ and Section 12 ‘Other Financial Instruments Issues’ of FRS 102 to all of its financial instruments.

Financial instruments are recognised in the group's balance sheet when the group becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amounts presented in the financial statements when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Basic financial assets

Basic financial assets, which include debtors and cash and bank balances, are initially measured at transaction price including transaction costs and are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest m ethod unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the transaction is measured at the present value of the future receipts discounted at a market rate of interest. Financial assets classified as receivable within one year are not amortised.

RADIUS EUROPE HOLDING CO LTD
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
For the year ended 31 December 2024
1
Accounting policies
(Continued)
- 14 -
Other financial assets

Other financial assets, including investments in equity instruments which are not subsidiaries, associates or joint ventures, are initially measured at fair value, which is normally the transaction price. Such assets are subsequently carried at fair value and the changes in fair value are recognised in profit or loss, except that investments in equity instruments that are not publicly traded and whose fair values cannot be measured reliably are measured at cost less impairment.

Impairment of financial assets

Financial assets, other than those held at fair value through profit and loss, are assessed for indicators of impairment at each reporting end date.

Financial assets are impaired where there is objective evidence that, as a result of one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the financial asset, the estimated future cash flows have been affected. If an asset is impaired, the impairment loss is the difference between the carrying amount and the present value of the estimated cash flows discounted at the asset’s original effective interest rate. The impairment loss is recognised in profit or loss.

If there is a decrease in the impairment loss arising from an event occurring after the impairment was recognised, the impairment is reversed. The reversal is such that the current carrying amount does not exceed what the carrying amount would have been, had the impairment not previously been recognised. The impairment reversal is recognised in profit or loss.

Derecognition of financial assets

Financial assets are derecognised only when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire or are settled, or when the group transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to another entity, or if some significant risks and rewards of ownership are retained but control of the asset has transferred to another party that is able to sell the asset in its entirety to an unrelated third party.

Classification of financial liabilities

Financial liabilities and equity instruments are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into. An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the group after deducting all of its liabilities.

Basic financial liabilities

Basic financial liabilities, including creditors, bank loans, loans from fellow group companies and preference shares that are classified as debt, are initially recognised at transaction price unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the debt instrument is measured at the present value of the future paymen ts discounted at a market rate of interest. Financial liabilities classified as payable within one year are not amortised.

Debt instruments are subsequently carried at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method.

Trade creditors are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business from suppliers. Amounts payable are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less. If not, they are presented as non-current liabilities. Trade creditors are recognised initially at transaction price and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

Derecognition of financial liabilities

Financial liabilities are derecognised when the group's contractual obligations expire or are discharged or cancelled.

RADIUS EUROPE HOLDING CO LTD
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
For the year ended 31 December 2024
1
Accounting policies
(Continued)
- 15 -
1.12
Equity instruments

Equity instruments issued by the group are recorded at the proceeds received, net of transaction costs. Dividends payable on equity instruments are recognised as liabilities once they are no longer at the discretion of the group.

1.13
Taxation

The tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax.

Current tax

The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from net profit as reported in the profit and loss account because it excludes items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and it further excludes items that are never taxable or deductible. The group’s liability for current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting end date.

Deferred tax

Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all timing differences and deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that they will be recovered against the reversal of deferred tax liabilities or other future taxable profits. Such assets and liabilities are not recognised if the timing difference arises from goodwill or from the initial recognition of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the tax profit nor the accounting profit.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting end date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered. Deferred tax is calculated at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period when the liability is settled or the asset is realised. Deferred tax is charged or credited in the profit and loss account, except when it relates to items charged or credited directly to equity, in which case the deferred tax is also dealt with in equity. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if, and only if, there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities and the deferred tax assets and liabilities relate to taxes levied by the same tax authority.

1.14
Provisions

Provisions are recognised when the group has a legal or constructive present obligation as a result of a past event, it is probable that the group will be required to settle that obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.

The amount recognised as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation at the reporting end date, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation. Where the effect of the time value of money is material, the amount expected to be required to settle the obligation is recognised at present value. When a provision i s measured at present value, the unwinding of the discount is recognised as a finance cost in profit or loss in the period in which it arises.

1.15
Employee benefits

The costs of short-term employee benefits are recognised as a liability and an expense as they fall due.

1.16
Retirement benefits

Payments to defined contribution retirement benefit schemes are charged as an expense as they fall due.

RADIUS EUROPE HOLDING CO LTD
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
For the year ended 31 December 2024
1
Accounting policies
(Continued)
- 16 -
1.17
Leases

Rentals payable under operating leases, including any lease incentives received, are charged to profit or loss on a straight line basis over the term of the relevant lease except where another more systematic basis is more representative of the time pattern in which economic benefits from the lease d asset are consumed.

1.18
Foreign exchange

Transactions in currencies other than pounds sterling are recorded at the rates of exchange prevailing at the dates of the transactions. At each reporting end date, monetary assets and liabilities that are denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing on the reporting end date. Gains and losses arising on translation in the period are included in profit or loss.

2
Judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty

In the application of the group’s accounting policies, the directors are required to make judgements, estimates and assumptions about the carrying amount of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised where the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods where the revision affects both current and future periods.

3
Employees

The average monthly number of persons (including directors) employed by the group and company during the year was:

Group
Company
2024
2023
2024
2023
Number
Number
Number
Number
Total
25
6
2
2
4
Interest receivable and similar income
2024
2023
£
£
Other interest receivable and similar income
2,719
1,197
RADIUS EUROPE HOLDING CO LTD
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
For the year ended 31 December 2024
- 17 -
5
Tangible fixed assets
Group
Land and buildings
Plant and machinery etc
Total
£
£
£
Cost
At 1 January 2024
44,377
129,735
174,112
Additions
4,430
23,830
28,260
At 31 December 2024
48,807
153,565
202,372
Depreciation and impairment
At 1 January 2024
42,043
98,414
140,457
Depreciation charged in the year
966
15,144
16,110
At 31 December 2024
43,009
113,558
156,567
Carrying amount
At 31 December 2024
5,798
40,007
45,805
At 31 December 2023
2,334
31,321
33,655
The company had no tangible fixed assets at 31 December 2024 or 31 December 2023.
6
Fixed asset investments
Group
Company
2024
2023
2024
2023
£
£
£
£
Shares in group undertakings and participating interests
-
-
530,407
530,407
Movements in fixed asset investments
Company
Shares in subsidiaries
£
Cost or valuation
At 1 January 2024 and 31 December 2024
530,407
Carrying amount
At 31 December 2024
530,407
At 31 December 2023
530,407
RADIUS EUROPE HOLDING CO LTD
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
For the year ended 31 December 2024
- 18 -
7
Subsidiaries

Details of the company's subsidiaries at 31 December 2024 are as follows:

Name of undertaking
Registered office
Class of
% Held
shares held
Direct
Strive Insight Limited
94 Webber Street, London, United Kingdom, SE1 0QN
Ordinary
100.00
8
Debtors
Group
Company
2024
2023
2024
2023
Amounts falling due within one year:
£
£
£
£
Trade debtors
1,306,572
537,949
400,590
285,295
Corporation tax recoverable
145,377
-
0
-
0
-
0
Amounts owed by group
1,804
-
0
-
0
-
0
Other debtors
632,749
271,242
284,552
140,577
2,086,502
809,191
685,142
425,872
9
Creditors: amounts falling due within one year
Group
Company
2024
2023
2024
2023
£
£
£
£
Trade creditors
332,449
162,790
-
0
3,970
Amounts owed to group undertakings
1,919,270
1,832,285
1,919,270
1,832,285
Corporation tax payable
-
0
217,731
-
0
-
0
Other taxation and social security
69,350
58,264
9,566
11,013
Other creditors
573,906
807,478
274,841
282,532
2,894,975
3,078,548
2,203,677
2,129,800
10
Provisions for liabilities
Group
Company
2024
2023
2024
2023
Notes
£
£
£
£
Provision for dilapidations
10,000
10,000
-
-
Deferred tax liabilities
11,452
1,793
-
0
-
0
21,452
11,793
-
0
-
0
RADIUS EUROPE HOLDING CO LTD
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
For the year ended 31 December 2024
- 19 -
11
Deferred income
Group
Company
2024
2023
2024
2023
£
£
£
£
Other deferred income
300,151
470,356
8,386
114,649

Deferred income is included within Other Creditors.

13
Profit and loss reserves
Group
Company
2024
2023
2024
2023
£
£
£
£
At the beginning of the year
(1,745,702)
(1,712,332)
(1,605,876)
(1,712,332)
Profit/(loss) for the year
834,399
(33,370)
232,596
106,456
At the end of the year
(911,303)
(1,745,702)
(1,373,280)
(1,605,876)
14
Operating lease commitments
Lessee

At the reporting end date the group had outstanding commitments for future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases, as follows:

Group
Company
2024
2023
2024
2023
£
£
£
£
242,905
325,756
-
-
15
Controlling party

At 31 December 2024 the parent company was Radius Holding Company LLC, a company incorporated in the United States of America, the registered office of which is 120 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10011 USA.

The largest group into which the company's financial statements are consolidated is Radius Holding Company LLC.

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