Income tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax.
The tax currently payable is based on taxable surplus for the year. Taxable surplus differs from surplus as reported in the statement of comprehensive income because of items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and items that are never taxable or deductible. The company's liability for current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the end of the reporting period.
Current and deferred tax are recognised in surplus or deficit for the year, except when they relate to items that are recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case current and deferred tax are recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity respectively.