The directors acknowledge their responsibilities for complying with the requirement of the Companies Act 2006 with respect to the accounting records and the preparation of accounts.

Cambridge Raman Imaging Ltd is a private company limited by shares, registered in England and Wales. The address of the registered office and registration number are as below:

Botanic House

100 Hills Road

Cambridge

England

CB2 1PH

These financial statements have been prepared in compliance with Section 1A of FRS 102, 'The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and the Republic of Ireland'.

The financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis. The directors have assessed the Company's ability to continue as a going concern.

The directors are confident that sufficient funds will be raised to meet the Company's business plan and to continue trading for at least a further twelve months from the date of signing these financial statements. The European Union have awarded a grant in relation to the CRIMSON project. The company is experiencing rising sales interest and shareholders continue to provide financial support as required.Frontier Limited will continue to support the with funding as required during the year.

Thus, they continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting in preparing the financial statements.

The company has taken advantage of the option not to prepare consolidated financial statements contained in Section 398 of the Companies Act 2006 on the basis that the company and its subsidiary undertakings comprise a small group.

Intangible assets acquired separately from a business are capitalised at cost. Intangible assets acquired on business combinations are capitalised separately from goodwill if the fair value can be measured reliably on initial recognition.

Research expenditure is written off against profits in the year in which it is incurred. Identifiable development expenditure is capitalised to the extent that the technical, commercial and financial feasibility can be demonstrated.

Intangible assets are amortised on a straight line basis over their useful lives. The useful lives of intangible assets are as follows:

Tangible fixed assets are stated at cost (or deemed cost) or valuation less accumulated depreciation and accumulated impairment losses. Cost includes costs directly attributable to making the asset capable of operating as intended.

Depreciation is provided on all tangible fixed assets, at rates calculated to write off the cost, less estimated residual value, of each asset on a systematic basis over its expected useful life as follows:

Fixed asset investments are initially recorded at cost, and subsequently stated at cost less any accumulated impairment losses.

Investments in subsidiaries accounted for in accordance with the cost model are recorded at cost less any accumulated impairment losses.

Other financial assets, including trade debtors for goods sold to customers on short-term credit, are initially measured at the transaction price including transaction costs, and are subsequently measured at the transaction price plus transaction costs not yet recognised, cumulative interest income less repayments and impairment, where there is evidence of impairment.

Other financial liabilities, including trade creditors, are initially measured at transaction price less transaction costs, and are subsequently measured at the transaction price less transaction costs not yet recognised in profit or loss and repayments plus cumulative interest expenses incurred.

A review for indicators of impairment is carried out at each reporting date, with the recoverable amount being estimated where such indicators exist. Where the carrying value exceeds the recoverable amount, the asset is impaired accordingly. Prior impairments are also reviewed for possible reversal at each reporting date.

The taxation expense represents the aggregate amount of current and deferred tax recognised in the reporting period. Tax is recognised in profit or loss, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. In this case, tax is recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, respectively.

Current tax is recognised on taxable profit for the current and past periods. Current tax is measured at the amounts of tax expected to pay or recover using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date

Deferred tax is recognised in respect of all timing differences at the reporting date. Unrelieved tax losses and other deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that they will be recovered against the reversal of deferred tax liabilities or other future taxable profits. Deferred tax is measured using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date that are expected to apply to the reversal of the timing difference.

Foreign currency transactions are initially recorded in the functional currency, by applying the spot exchange rate as at the date of the transaction. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the exchange rate ruling at the reporting date, with any gains or losses being taken to the profit and loss account

Government grants are recognised at the fair value of the asset received or receivable. Grants are not recognised until there is reasonable assurance that the company will comply with the conditions attaching to them and the grants will be received.

Government grants are recognised using the accrual model and the performance model.

Under the accrual model, government grants relating to revenue are recognised on a systematic basis over the periods in which the company recognises the related costs for which the grant is intended to compensate. Grants that are receivable as compensation for expenses or losses already incurred or for the purpose of giving immediate financial support to the entity with no future related costs are recognised in income in the period in which it becomes receivable.

Grants relating to assets are recognised in income on a systematic basis over the expected useful life of the asset. Where part of a grant relating to an asset is deferred, it is recognised as deferred income and not deducted from the carrying amount of the asset.

Under the performance model, where the grant does not impose specified future performance-related conditions on the recipient, it is recognised in income when the grant proceeds are received or receivable. Where the grant does impose specified future performance-related conditions on the recipient, it is recognised in income only when the performance-related conditions have been met. Where grants received are prior to satisfying the revenue recognition criteria, they are recognised as a liability.

Contributions to defined contribution plans are recognised as an expense in the period in which the related service is provided. Prepaid contributions are recognised as an asset to the extent that the prepayment will lead to a reduction in future payments or a cash refund.

When contributions are not expected to be settled wholly within 12 months of the end of the reporting date in which the employees render the related service, the liability is measured on a discounted present value basis. The unwinding of the discount is recognised as a finance cost in profit or loss in the period in which it arises.

Research expenditure is written off in the period in which it is incurred.

Development expenditure incurred is capitalised as an intangible asset only when all of the following criteria are met:

• It is technically feasible to complete the intangible asset so that it will be available for use or sale;

• There is the intention to complete the intangible asset and use or sell it;

• There is the ability to use or sell the intangible asset;

• The use or sale of the intangible asset will generate probable future economic benefits;

• There are adequate technical, financial and other resources available to complete the development and to use or sell the intangible asset; and

• The expenditure attributable to the intangible asset during its development can be measured reliably.

Expenditure that does not meet the above criteria is expensed as incurred.

At 31 December 2024, the company held investments in Cambridge Raman SRL and owns 100% of the shares in the company.

Amounts owed by group undertaking relate to £330,088 (2023: £29,304 included within other debtors) owed by Cambridge Raman Imaging SRL, a wholly owned subsidiary. The current year amount includes accrued interest amount to £13,129 (2023: £1,303). The above loans are unsecured and repayable on demand.

The loan relates to £488,998 (2023: £NIL) owed to Frontier IP. Interest accrued in relation to these loans is included in other creditors. The loans baears interest at 10% per annum.