A financial asset or a financial liability is recognised only when the company becomes a party to the contractual
provisions of the instrument.
Basic financial instruments are initially recognised at the transaction price, unless the arrangement constitutes a
financing transaction, where it is recognised at the present value of the future paymentsdiscounted at a market rate of
interest for a similar debt instrument.
Debt instruments are subsequently measured at amortised cost.
Where investments in non-convertible preference shares and non-puttable ordinary shares or preference shares are
publicly traded or their fair value can otherwise be measured reliably, the investment is subsequently measured at fair
value with changes in fair value recognised in profit or loss.
All other such investments are subsequently measured at cost less impairment.
Other financial instruments, including derivatives, are initially recognised at fair value, unless payment for an asset is
deferred beyond normal business terms or financed at a rate of interest that is not a market rate, in which case the
asset is measured at the present value of the future payments discounted at a market rate of interest for a similar
debt instrument
Other financial instruments are subsequently measured at fair value, with any changes recognised in profit or loss,
with the exception of hedging instruments in a designated hedging relationship.
Financial assets that are measured at cost or amortised cost are reviewed for objective evidence of impairment at the
end of each reporting date. If there is objective evidence of impairment, an impairment loss is recognised in profit or
loss immediately.
For all equity instruments regardless of significance, and other financial assets that are individually significant, these
are assessed individually for impairment. Other financial assets or either assessed individually or grouped on the basis
of similar credit risk characteristics.
Any reversals of impairment are recognised in profit or loss immediately, to the extent that the reversal does not result
in a carrying amount of the financial asset that exceeds what the carrying amount would have been had the
impairment not previously been recognised.