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| 2. |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |
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The following accounting policies have been applied consistently in dealing with items which are considered material in relation to the company's financial statements. |
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Statement of compliance |
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The financial statements of the company for the year ended 30 April 2025 have been prepared in accordance with the provisions of FRS 102 Section 1A (Small Entities) and the Companies Act 2006. |
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Basis of preparation |
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The financial statements have been prepared on the going concern basis and in accordance with the historical cost convention except for certain properties and financial instruments that are measured at revalued amounts or fair values, as explained in the accounting policies below. Historical cost is generally based on the fair value of the consideration given in exchange for assets. |
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Turnover |
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Turnover represents the total invoice value, excluding value added tax, of sales made during the year and derives from the provision of goods falling within the company's ordinary activities. |
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Intangible assets |
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Intangible assets are valued at cost less accumulated amortisation. The rate of amortisation is 10% straight line. |
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Tangible assets and depreciation |
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Tangible assets are stated at cost or at valuation, less accumulated depreciation. The charge to depreciation is calculated to write off the original cost or valuation of tangible assets, less their estimated residual value, over their expected useful lives as follows: |
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Long leasehold property |
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2% Straight Line |
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Plant and machinery |
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20% Reducing Balance |
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Fixtures, fittings and equipment |
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20% Reducing Balance |
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Motor vehicles |
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20% Reducing Balance |
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The carrying values of tangible fixed assets are reviewed annually for impairment in periods if events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. |
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Leasing and hire purchases |
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Tangible assets held under leasing and Hire Purchases arrangements which transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the company are capitalised and included in the Balance Sheet at their cost or valuation, less depreciation. The corresponding commitments are recorded as liabilities. Payments in respect of these obligations are treated as consisting of capital and interest elements, with interest charged to the Profit and Loss Account. |
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Investments |
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Investments held as fixed assets are stated at cost less provision for any permanent diminution in value. Income from other investments together with any related tax credit is recognised in the Profit and Loss Account in the year in which it is receivable. |
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Stocks |
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Stocks are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Stocks are determined on a first-in first-out basis. Cost comprises expenditure incurred in the normal course of business in bringing stocks to their present location and condition. Full provision is made for obsolete and slow moving items. Net realisable value comprises actual or estimated selling price (net of trade discounts) less all further costs to completion or to be incurred in marketing and selling. |
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Trade and other debtors |
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Trade and other debtors are initially recognised at fair value and thereafter stated at amortised cost using the effective interest method less impairment losses for bad and doubtful debts except where the effect of discounting would be immaterial. In such cases the receivables are stated at cost less impairment losses for bad and doubtful debts. |
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Provisions |
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Provisions are recognised when the company has a present legal or constructive obligation arising as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made. Provisions are measured at the present value of the expenditures expected to be required to settle the obligation using a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the same value of money and the risks specific to the obligation. The increase in the provision due to passage of time is recognised as interest expense. |
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Trade and other creditors |
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Trade and other creditors are initially recognised at fair value and thereafter stated at amortised cost using the effective interest rate method, unless the effect of discounting would be immaterial, in which case they are stated at cost. |
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Taxation and deferred taxation |
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Current tax represents the amount expected to be paid or recovered in respect of taxable profits for the financial year and is calculated using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantially enacted at the Balance Sheet date. Deferred tax is recognised in respect of all timing differences that have originated but not reversed at the balance sheet date where transactions or events have occurred at that date that will result in an obligation to pay more tax in the future, or a right to pay less tax in the future. Timing differences are temporary differences between the company's taxable profits and its results as stated in the financial statements. Deferred tax is measured on an undiscounted basis at the tax rates that are anticipated to apply in the periods in which the timing differences are expected to reverse, based on tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date. |
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Government grants |
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Capital grants received and receivable are treated as deferred income and amortised to the Profit and Loss Account annually over the useful economic life of the asset to which it relates. Revenue grants are credited to the Profit and Loss Account when received. |
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Foreign currencies |
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Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the rates of exchange ruling at the Balance Sheet date. Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated at the rates of exchange ruling at the date of the transaction. Non-monetary items that are measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value was determined. The resulting exchange differences are dealt with in the Profit and Loss Account. |
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Pensions |
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The company operates a defined contribution pension scheme for employees. The assets of the scheme are held separately from those of the company. Annual contributions payable to the company's pension scheme are charged to the Profit and Loss Account in the period to which they relate. |
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Research and development |
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Development expenditure is written off in the same year unless the director are satisfied as to the technical, commercial and financial viability of individual projects. In this situation, the expenditure is deferred and amortised over the period from which the company is expected to benefit. |
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Ordinary share capital |
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The ordinary share capital of the company is presented as equity. |