| REGISTERED NUMBER: |
| Strategic Report, Report of the Directors and |
| Financial Statements |
| for the Year Ended 31 March 2025 |
| for |
| DNO Consulting Limited |
| REGISTERED NUMBER: |
| Strategic Report, Report of the Directors and |
| Financial Statements |
| for the Year Ended 31 March 2025 |
| for |
| DNO Consulting Limited |
| DNO Consulting Limited (Registered number: 04935263) |
| Contents of the Financial Statements |
| for the Year Ended 31 March 2025 |
| Page |
| Company Information | 1 |
| Strategic Report | 2 |
| Report of the Directors | 3 |
| Report of the Independent Auditors | 4 |
| Statement of Comprehensive Income | 7 |
| Balance Sheet | 8 |
| Statement of Changes in Equity | 9 |
| Cash Flow Statement | 10 |
| Notes to the Cash Flow Statement | 11 |
| Notes to the Financial Statements | 12 |
| DNO Consulting Limited |
| Company Information |
| for the Year Ended 31 March 2025 |
| DIRECTORS: |
| REGISTERED OFFICE: |
| REGISTERED NUMBER: |
| AUDITORS: |
| Chartered Accountants & Statutory Auditor |
| The Old Post Office |
| 41-43 Market Place |
| Chippenham |
| Wiltshire |
| SN15 3HR |
| DNO Consulting Limited (Registered number: 04935263) |
| Strategic Report |
| for the Year Ended 31 March 2025 |
| The directors present their strategic report together with the audited financial statements for the year ended 31 March 2025. |
| REVIEW OF BUSINESS |
| The principal activity of the company is high voltage engineering, design and installation. |
| The company's turnover and profit were in line with expectations. |
| Key Performance Indicators |
| The directors consider the key measures of the company's performance to be as shown below: |
| 31.3.25 | 31.3.24 |
| £ | £ |
| Turnover | 8,623,266 | 15,295,920 |
| Gross profit | 1,864,524 | 887,475 |
| Profit before taxation | 1,178,927 | 12,311 |
| Stock | 620,678 | 1,967,458 |
| Total shareholders' funds | 5,277,587 | 4,599,237 |
| The review of the business includes an analysis of these key performance indicators. |
| PRINCIPAL RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES |
| The principal risks and uncertainties affecting the management of the business and the execution of the company's strategy are considered to relate to a challenging economic environment where inflation has increased the cost of raw materials, labour, and other key inputs. Due to long-term legacy contracts, the company has limited flexibility to adjust its selling prices in response to these rising costs, putting pressure on margins. |
| Despite the ongoing inflationary pressures, the company is in a strong position due to the full order book through to 2026 and the continued demand for its products and services. This positive backlog of orders provides a buffer against immediate cost challenges and gives the company a level of security in its revenue streams for the foreseeable future, negating inflationary pressures. |
| ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD: |
| DNO Consulting Limited (Registered number: 04935263) |
| Report of the Directors |
| for the Year Ended 31 March 2025 |
| The directors present their report with the financial statements of the company for the year ended 31 March 2025. |
| DIVIDENDS |
| The total distribution of dividends for the year ended 31 March 2025 will be £ |
| DIRECTORS |
| The directors shown below have held office during the whole of the period from 1 April 2024 to the date of this report. |
| STATEMENT OF DIRECTORS' RESPONSIBILITIES |
| The directors are responsible for preparing the Strategic Report, the Report of the Directors and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations. |
| Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the directors have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (United Kingdom Accounting Standards and applicable law). Under company law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the company and of the profit or loss of the company for that period. In preparing these financial statements, the directors are required to: |
| - | select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; |
| - | make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent; |
| - | prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the company will continue in business. |
| The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the company's transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the company and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities. |
| STATEMENT AS TO DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION TO AUDITORS |
| So far as the directors are aware, there is no relevant audit information (as defined by Section 418 of the Companies Act 2006) of which the company's auditors are unaware, and each director has taken all the steps that he ought to have taken as a director in order to make himself aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the company's auditors are aware of that information. |
| AUDITORS |
| The auditors, Mander Duffill, will be proposed for re-appointment at the forthcoming Annual General Meeting. |
| ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD: |
| Report of the Independent Auditors to the Members of |
| DNO Consulting Limited |
| Opinion |
| We have audited the financial statements of DNO Consulting Limited (the 'company') for the year ended 31 March 2025 which comprise the Statement of Comprehensive Income, Balance Sheet, Statement of Changes in Equity, Cash Flow Statement and Notes to the Cash Flow Statement, Notes to the Financial Statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including Financial Reporting Standard 102 'The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland' (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice). |
| In our opinion the financial statements: |
| - | give a true and fair view of the state of the company's affairs as at 31 March 2025 and of its profit for the year then ended; |
| - | have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and |
| - | have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006. |
| Basis for opinion |
| We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditors' responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC's Ethical Standard, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. |
| Conclusions relating to going concern |
| In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate. |
| Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the company's ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue. |
| Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report. |
| Other information |
| The directors are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information in the Strategic Report and the Report of the Directors, but does not include the financial statements and our Report of the Auditors thereon. |
| Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. |
| In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard. |
| Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006 |
| In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit: |
| - | the information given in the Strategic Report and the Report of the Directors for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and |
| - | the Strategic Report and the Report of the Directors have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements. |
| Report of the Independent Auditors to the Members of |
| DNO Consulting Limited |
| Matters on which we are required to report by exception |
| In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the Strategic Report or the Report of the Directors. |
| We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters where the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion: |
| - | adequate accounting records have not been kept, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or |
| - | the financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or |
| - | certain disclosures of directors' remuneration specified by law are not made; or |
| - | we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit. |
| Responsibilities of directors |
| As explained more fully in the Statement of Directors' Responsibilities set out on page three, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. |
| In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so. |
| Auditors' responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements |
| Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue a Report of the Auditors that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements. |
| The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below: |
| In planning and designing our audit tests, we identify and assess the risks of material mis-statements, whether due to fraud or error. Our risk assessment procedures included: |
| - Enquiries of management about the entities policies and procedures on compliance with laws and regulations and whether they were aware of any instances of noncompliance together with the internal controls established to mitigate risks of fraud or non-compliance with laws and regulations. |
| - Enquiries of management about the entities policies and procedures on fraud risks, including any actual, suspected or alleged fraud. |
| - Considered the nature of the industry and sector, control environment and business performance including the key drivers for directors' remuneration, bonus levels and performance targets. |
| - Reading minutes of meetings of those charged with governance. |
| We communicated relevant identified laws and regulations and potential fraud risks to all engagement team members and remained alert to any indications of fraud or non-compliance with laws and regulations throughout the audit. |
| Report of the Independent Auditors to the Members of |
| DNO Consulting Limited |
| We obtained an understanding of the legal and regulatory frameworks that the entity operates in, through discussions with the director, and from our commercial knowledge and experience of the sector in which the company operates, to enable us to identify the key laws and regulations applicable to the company. We focused on specific laws and regulations which we considered may have a direct material effect on the financial statement or the operations of the company, including the Companies Act 2006, taxation legislation, data protection, anti-bribery, employment, environmental and health and safety legislation. |
| As a result of these procedures, we considered the opportunities and incentives that may exist within the organisation for fraud. In common with all audits under ISAs (UK), we are also required to perform specific procedures to respond to the risk of management override of controls including the following: |
| - Reviewing financial statement disclosures and testing to supporting documentation to assess compliance with applicable laws and regulations. |
| - Enquiry of management concerning actual and potential litigation and claims. |
| - Reviewing correspondence with HMRC, and the company's legal advisors. |
| - Addressing the risk of fraud through management override of controls, testing the appropriateness of journal entries and other adjustments, assessing whether judgements made in making accounting estimates are indicative of a potential bias, and evaluating the business rationale of any significant transactions that are unusual or outside the normal course of business. |
| Owing to the inherent limitations of an audit, there is an unavoidable risk that we may not have detected some material misstatements in the financial statements, even though we have properly planned and performed our audit in accordance with auditing standards. The more removed that laws and regulations are from financial transactions, the less likely it is that we would become aware of non-compliance. |
| In addition, as with any audit, there remained a higher risk of non-detection of fraud, as these may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal controls. Our audit procedures are designed to detect material misstatement. We are not responsible for preventing non-compliance or fraud and cannot be expected to detect non-compliance with all laws and regulations. |
| A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial Reporting Council's website at www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our Report of the Auditors. |
| Use of our report |
| This report is made solely to the company's members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company's members those matters we are required to state to them in a Report of the Auditors and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the company's members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed. |
| for and on behalf of |
| Chartered Accountants & Statutory Auditor |
| The Old Post Office |
| 41-43 Market Place |
| Chippenham |
| Wiltshire |
| SN15 3HR |
| DNO Consulting Limited (Registered number: 04935263) |
| Statement of Comprehensive |
| Income |
| for the Year Ended 31 March 2025 |
| 31.3.25 | 31.3.24 |
| Notes | £ | £ |
| TURNOVER |
| Cost of sales |
| GROSS PROFIT |
| Administrative expenses |
| OPERATING PROFIT | 4 |
| Interest receivable and similar income |
| 1,178,931 | 12,335 |
| Interest payable and similar expenses | 5 |
| PROFIT BEFORE TAXATION |
| Tax on profit | 6 |
| PROFIT FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR |
| OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME | - | - |
| TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEAR |
| DNO Consulting Limited (Registered number: 04935263) |
| Balance Sheet |
| 31 March 2025 |
| 31.3.25 | 31.3.24 |
| Notes | £ | £ | £ | £ |
| FIXED ASSETS |
| Tangible assets | 8 |
| CURRENT ASSETS |
| Stocks | 9 |
| Debtors | 10 |
| Cash at bank and in hand |
| CREDITORS |
| Amounts falling due within one year | 11 |
| NET CURRENT ASSETS |
| TOTAL ASSETS LESS CURRENT LIABILITIES |
| PROVISIONS FOR LIABILITIES | 13 |
| NET ASSETS |
| CAPITAL AND RESERVES |
| Called up share capital | 14 |
| Retained earnings | 15 |
| SHAREHOLDERS' FUNDS | 17 |
| The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors and authorised for issue on |
| DNO Consulting Limited (Registered number: 04935263) |
| Statement of Changes in Equity |
| for the Year Ended 31 March 2025 |
| Called up |
| share | Retained | Total |
| capital | earnings | equity |
| £ | £ | £ |
| Balance at 1 April 2023 |
| Changes in equity |
| Dividends | - | ( |
) | ( |
) |
| Total comprehensive income | - |
| Balance at 31 March 2024 |
| Changes in equity |
| Dividends | - | ( |
) | ( |
) |
| Total comprehensive income | - |
| Balance at 31 March 2025 |
| DNO Consulting Limited (Registered number: 04935263) |
| Cash Flow Statement |
| for the Year Ended 31 March 2025 |
| 31.3.25 | 31.3.24 |
| Notes | £ | £ |
| Cash flows from operating activities |
| Cash generated from operations | 1 |
| Interest paid | ( |
) | ( |
) |
| Tax paid | ( |
) | ( |
) |
| Net cash from operating activities |
| Cash flows from investing activities |
| Purchase of tangible fixed assets | ( |
) | ( |
) |
| Sale of tangible fixed assets |
| Interest received |
| Net cash from investing activities | ( |
) |
| Cash flows from financing activities |
| Amount withdrawn by directors | (65,868 | ) | (1,620,384 | ) |
| Equity dividends paid | ( |
) | ( |
) |
| Net cash from financing activities | ( |
) | ( |
) |
| Increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | ( |
) |
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year |
2 |
2,109,862 |
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of year | 2 | 2,482,633 | 1,859,571 |
| DNO Consulting Limited (Registered number: 04935263) |
| Notes to the Cash Flow Statement |
| for the Year Ended 31 March 2025 |
| 1. | RECONCILIATION OF PROFIT BEFORE TAXATION TO CASH GENERATED FROM OPERATIONS |
| 31.3.25 | 31.3.24 |
| £ | £ |
| Profit before taxation |
| Depreciation charges |
| Loss on disposal of fixed assets |
| Finance costs | 4 | 24 |
| Finance income | (48,336 | ) | (399 | ) |
| 1,153,845 | 41,380 |
| Decrease in stocks |
| (Increase)/decrease in trade and other debtors | ( |
) |
| (Decrease)/increase in trade and other creditors | ( |
) |
| Cash generated from operations |
| 2. | CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS |
| The amounts disclosed on the Cash Flow Statement in respect of cash and cash equivalents are in respect of these Balance Sheet amounts: |
| Year ended 31 March 2025 |
| 31.3.25 | 1.4.24 |
| £ | £ |
| Cash and cash equivalents | 2,482,633 | 1,859,571 |
| Year ended 31 March 2024 |
| 31.3.24 | 1.4.23 |
| £ | £ |
| Cash and cash equivalents | 1,859,571 | 2,109,862 |
| 3. | ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN NET FUNDS |
| At 1.4.24 | Cash flow | At 31.3.25 |
| £ | £ | £ |
| Net cash |
| Cash at bank and in hand | 1,859,571 | 623,062 | 2,482,633 |
| 1,859,571 | 2,482,633 |
| Total | 1,859,571 | 623,062 | 2,482,633 |
| DNO Consulting Limited (Registered number: 04935263) |
| Notes to the Financial Statements |
| for the Year Ended 31 March 2025 |
| 1. | STATUTORY INFORMATION |
| DNO Consulting Limited is a |
| 2. | ACCOUNTING POLICIES |
| Basis of preparing the financial statements |
| Turnover |
| Turnover is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, excluding discounts, rebates, value added tax and other sales taxes. |
| Tangible fixed assets |
| Plant and machinery | - |
| Furniture, fixtures and fittings | - |
| Motor vehicles | - |
| Stocks |
| Stocks are valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value, after making due allowance for obsolete and slow moving items. |
| Taxation |
| Taxation for the year comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the Statement of Comprehensive Income, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. |
| Current or deferred taxation assets and liabilities are not discounted. |
| Current tax is recognised at the amount of tax payable using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date. |
| Deferred tax |
| Deferred tax is recognised in respect of all timing differences that have originated but not reversed at the balance sheet date. |
| Timing differences arise from the inclusion of income and expenses in tax assessments in periods different from those in which they are recognised in financial statements. Deferred tax is measured using tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the year end and that are expected to apply to the reversal of the timing difference. |
| Unrelieved tax losses and other deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that they will be recovered against the reversal of deferred tax liabilities or other future taxable profits. |
| Pension costs and other post-retirement benefits |
| The company operates a defined contribution pension scheme. Contributions payable to the company's pension scheme are charged to profit or loss in the period to which they relate. |
| DNO Consulting Limited (Registered number: 04935263) |
| Notes to the Financial Statements - continued |
| for the Year Ended 31 March 2025 |
| 3. | EMPLOYEES AND DIRECTORS |
| 31.3.25 | 31.3.24 |
| £ | £ |
| Wages and salaries |
| Social security costs |
| Other pension costs |
| The average number of employees during the year was as follows: |
| 31.3.25 | 31.3.24 |
| Directors | 3 | 3 |
| Employees | 16 | 20 |
| 31.3.25 | 31.3.24 |
| £ | £ |
| Directors' remuneration |
| 4. | OPERATING PROFIT |
| The operating profit is stated after charging: |
| 31.3.25 | 31.3.24 |
| £ | £ |
| Depreciation - owned assets |
| Loss on disposal of fixed assets |
| 5. | INTEREST PAYABLE AND SIMILAR EXPENSES |
| 31.3.25 | 31.3.24 |
| £ | £ |
| Interest on tax paid late |
| 6. | TAXATION |
| Analysis of the tax charge |
| The tax charge on the profit for the year was as follows: |
| 31.3.25 | 31.3.24 |
| £ | £ |
| Current tax: |
| UK corporation tax |
| Deferred tax | ( |
) | ( |
) |
| Tax on profit |
| DNO Consulting Limited (Registered number: 04935263) |
| Notes to the Financial Statements - continued |
| for the Year Ended 31 March 2025 |
| 7. | DIVIDENDS |
| 31.3.25 | 31.3.24 |
| £ | £ |
| Ordinary shares of £1 each |
| Dividend - paid in the year |
| 8. | TANGIBLE FIXED ASSETS |
| Furniture, |
| fixtures |
| Plant and | and | Motor |
| machinery | fittings | vehicles | Totals |
| £ | £ | £ | £ |
| COST |
| At 1 April 2024 |
| Additions |
| Disposals | ( |
) | ( |
) |
| At 31 March 2025 |
| DEPRECIATION |
| At 1 April 2024 |
| Charge for year |
| Eliminated on disposal | ( |
) | ( |
) |
| At 31 March 2025 |
| NET BOOK VALUE |
| At 31 March 2025 |
| At 31 March 2024 |
| 9. | STOCKS |
| 31.3.25 | 31.3.24 |
| £ | £ |
| Stocks and work in progress |
| Stock has been valued at the lower of cost and estimated selling price less costs to sell. In respect of work in progress, cost includes a relevant proportion of overheads according to the stage manufacture or completion. |
| 10. | DEBTORS: AMOUNTS FALLING DUE WITHIN ONE YEAR |
| 31.3.25 | 31.3.24 |
| £ | £ |
| Trade debtors |
| Other debtors |
| Prepayments |
| DNO Consulting Limited (Registered number: 04935263) |
| Notes to the Financial Statements - continued |
| for the Year Ended 31 March 2025 |
| 11. | CREDITORS: AMOUNTS FALLING DUE WITHIN ONE YEAR |
| 31.3.25 | 31.3.24 |
| £ | £ |
| Trade creditors |
| Amounts owed to associates | 609 | 609 |
| Corporation tax |
| Social security and other taxes |
| VAT | 227,715 | 245,085 |
| Other creditors |
| Directors' loan accounts | 417,749 | 483,617 |
| Accruals and deferred income |
| 12. | LEASING AGREEMENTS |
| Minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases fall due as follows: |
| 31.3.25 | 31.3.24 |
| £ | £ |
| Within one year |
| Between one and five years |
| 13. | PROVISIONS FOR LIABILITIES |
| 31.3.25 | 31.3.24 |
| £ | £ |
| Deferred tax |
| Accelerated capital allowances | 18,800 | 25,323 |
| Deferred |
| tax |
| £ |
| Balance at 1 April 2024 |
| Credit to Statement of Comprehensive Income during year | ( |
) |
| Balance at 31 March 2025 |
| 14. | CALLED UP SHARE CAPITAL |
| Allotted, issued and fully paid: |
| Number: | Class: | Nominal | 31.3.25 | 31.3.24 |
| value: | £ | £ |
| Ordinary | £1 | 19 | 19 |
| Ordinary A | £1 | 1 | 1 |
| Ordinary B | £1 | 2 | 2 |
| Ordinary C | £1 | 1 | 1 |
| Ordinary D | £1 | 1 | 1 |
| 1 | Ordinary E | £1 | 1 | 1 |
| 25 | 25 |
| DNO Consulting Limited (Registered number: 04935263) |
| Notes to the Financial Statements - continued |
| for the Year Ended 31 March 2025 |
| 15. | RESERVES |
| Retained |
| earnings |
| £ |
| At 1 April 2024 |
| Profit for the year |
| Dividends | ( |
) |
| At 31 March 2025 |
| 16. | ULTIMATE CONTROLLING PARTY |
| The controlling party is Oakfield Marlborough Limited. |
| The registered office address of Oakfield Marlborough Limited is Ballards Piece, Forest Hill, Marlborough, Wiltshire SN8 3HN. |
| 17. | RECONCILIATION OF MOVEMENTS IN SHAREHOLDERS' FUNDS |
| 31.3.25 | 31.3.24 |
| £ | £ |
| Profit for the financial year |
| Dividends | ( |
) | ( |
) |
| Net addition/(reduction) to shareholders' funds | 678,350 | (81,097 | ) |
| Opening shareholders' funds | 4,599,237 | 4,680,334 |
| Closing shareholders' funds | 5,277,587 | 4,599,237 |