Company registration number 14229951 (England and Wales)
TOPSPEC TOPCO LIMITED
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025
TOPSPEC TOPCO LIMITED
COMPANY INFORMATION
Directors
PD Tyler
N Tyler
K Mickle
Company number
14229951
Registered office
Middle Park Farm
Pickhill
Thirsk
North Yorkshire
England
YO7 4JN
Senior statutory auditor
Phillipa Symington ACA CA(SA)
Clive Owen LLP
Oak Tree House
Harwood Road
Northminster Business Park
Upper Poppleton
YO26 6QU
Accountant
BHP LLP
Rievaulx House
1 St Mary's Court
Blossom Street
York
North Yorkshire
YO24 1AH
Business address
Middle Park Farm
Pickhill
Thirsk
North Yorkshire
England
YO7 4JN
TOPSPEC TOPCO LIMITED
CONTENTS
Page
Strategic report
1 - 2
Directors' report
3 - 4
Independent auditor's report
5 - 7
Group statement of comprehensive income
8
Group balance sheet
9
Company balance sheet
10
Group statement of changes in equity
11
Company statement of changes in equity
12
Group statement of cash flows
13
Notes to the financial statements
14 - 29
TOPSPEC TOPCO LIMITED
STRATEGIC REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025
- 1 -
The directors present the strategic report for the year ended 31 March 2025.
Review of the business
The financial statements in respect of the year ended 31 March 2025 represents the Groups second full year of trading following a restructure in August 2022.
Group turnover for the year was £17.21m, compared to £16.57m in the prior year. The Group saw a slight improvement in consolidated Gross Margin, increasing from 34.80% for the period ended 31 March 2024 to 36.73% for the year ended 31 March 2025.
Economic challenges and increasing interest rates left many horse owners cutting down on expenditure. Many horse owners cut back competing and training to save money resulting in a lower feed requirement for their horses.
Many leisure horse owners cut right back or stopped feeding completely during the summer and autumn months and turned horses out in fields 24/7. We also had a summer and autumn of weather that promoted good grass growth – also reducing feed requirements for all horses.
The later parts of the winter were close to budget as owners had to stable their horses and feeding patterns returned to normal.
Operating profit for the Group’s core operations in the United Kingdom and Ireland remained strong at £705k, and after the result of interest costs and consolidation adjustments at Group level, profit before tax amounted to £405k.
Earnings before Interest Tax Depreciation and Amortisation (“EBITDA”) totalled £787k and despite the challenging trading conditions, the Directors are satisfied with the trading results of the Group.
Principal risks and uncertainties
Competition from other feed and supplement businesses continues to be a risk and pricing, new products and the market are closely monitored.
We work closely with our suppliers with forward pricing to manage the risk of price increases giving us time to increase prices where necessary.
Cash flow is regularly monitored, and cash reserves have been maintained at comfortable levels.
Debtors are tightly controlled which continues to be key for the security of the business given the current economic conditions.
Business development
A positive recruitment of some new field team members and a good year on trade stands has led to some new business.
The new CRM system implemented last year has been rolled out to the field sales team on a new hand held device which has increased efficiencies both in the field and at head office.
Research and development continues to look to develop new products for both equine and canine ranges to meet customer demands of products tailored to their specific needs with some new products in the pipeline.
Post balance sheet events
There were no post balance sheet events.
TOPSPEC TOPCO LIMITED
STRATEGIC REPORT (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025
- 2 -
PD Tyler
Director
11 December 2025
TOPSPEC TOPCO LIMITED
GROUP DIRECTORS' REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025
- 3 -
The directors present their group annual report and group financial statements for the year ended 31 March 2025.
Principal activities
The principal activity of The Group is the sale and distribution of feeds and supplements for horses and dogs. There have not been any significant changes to the principal activities during the year under review.
Results and dividends
The results for the year are set out on page 8.
Ordinary dividends were paid amounting to £178,523. The directors do not recommend payment of a further dividend.
No preference dividends were paid. The directors do not recommend payment of a final dividend.
Directors
The directors who held office during the year and up to the date of signature of the financial statements were as follows:
PD Tyler
N Tyler
K Mickle
Auditor
The auditors, Clive Owen LLP, are deemed to be reappointed under section 487(2) of the Companies Act 2006.
Statement of directors' responsibilities
The directors are responsible for preparing the Annual Report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.
Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the directors have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (United Kingdom Accounting Standards and applicable law). Under company law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the group and company, and of the profit or loss of the group for that period. In preparing these financial statements, the directors are required to:
select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;
make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent;
state whether applicable UK Accounting Standards have been followed, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements;
prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the group and company will continue in business.
The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the group’s and company’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the group and company and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the group and company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.
Matters covered in the strategic report
The truegroup has chosen in accordance with Companies Act 2006, s. 414C(11) to set out in the group's strategic report information required by Large and Medium-sized Companies and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2008, Sch. 7 to be contained in the directors' report.
It has done so in respect of post balance sheet events, future developments and risk management.
TOPSPEC TOPCO LIMITED
GROUP DIRECTORS' REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025
- 4 -
Statement of disclosure to auditor
So far as each person who was a director at the date of approving this report is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the auditor of the company is unaware. Additionally, the directors individually have taken all the necessary steps that they ought to have taken as directors in order to make themselves aware of all relevant audit information and to establish that the auditor of the company is aware of that information.
On behalf of the board
PD Tyler
Director
11 December 2025
TOPSPEC TOPCO LIMITED
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT
TO THE MEMBERS OF TOPSPEC TOPCO LIMITED
- 5 -
Opinion
We have audited the financial statements of TopSpec Topco Limited (the 'parent company') and its subsidiaries (the 'group') for the year ended 31 March 2025 which comprise the group statement of comprehensive income, the group balance sheet, the company balance sheet, the group statement of changes in equity, the company statement of changes in equity, the group statement of cash flows and notes to the financial statements, including significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including Financial Reporting Standard 102 The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).
In our opinion the financial statements:
give a true and fair view of the state of the group's and the parent company's affairs as at 31 March 2025 and of the group's profit for the year then ended;
have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and
have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.
We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the group and parent company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.
Conclusions relating to going concern
In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate.
Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the group's and parent company's ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue.
Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report.
The other information comprises the information included in the annual report other than the financial statements and our auditor's report thereon. The directors are responsible for the other information contained within the annual report. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact.
We have nothing to report in this regard.
Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006
In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of our audit:
The information given in the strategic report and the directors' report for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and
The strategic report and the directors' report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.
TOPSPEC TOPCO LIMITED
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT (CONTINUED)
TO THE MEMBERS OF TOPSPEC TOPCO LIMITED
- 6 -
Matters on which we are required to report by exception
In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the group and the parent company and their environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the strategic report or the directors' report.
We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:
adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or
the parent company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or
certain disclosures of directors' remuneration specified by law are not made; or
we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.
Responsibilities of directors
As explained more fully in the directors' responsibilities statement, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the parent company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the parent company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.
Auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue a Report of the Auditors that includes our opinion.
Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.
The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below:
Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in line with our responsibilities, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud. Our audit must be alert to the risk of manipulation of the financial statements and seek to understand the incentives and opportunities for management to achieve this.
We undertake the following procedures to identify and respond to these risks of non-compliance:
• Understanding the key legal and regulatory frameworks that are applicable to the Group. We communicated identified laws and regulations throughout the audit team and remained alert to any indications of non-compliance throughout the audit. We determined the most significant of these to be financial reporting legislation, taxation legislation, health & safety, and employment law.
• Enquiry of directors and management as to policies and procedures to ensure compliance and any known instances of non-compliance. We determine the most significant of these to be those included in note 2 to these financial statements.
• Review of board minutes and other relevant communication with the company and those charged with governance.
• Enquiry of directors and management as to areas of the financial statements susceptible to fraud and how these risks are managed.
• Challenging management on key estimates, assumptions and judgements made in the preparation of the financial statements. We do not consider there to be any significant key estimates, assumptions or
judgements.
• Identifying and testing unusual journal entries, with a particular focus on manual journal entries.
TOPSPEC TOPCO LIMITED
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT (CONTINUED)
TO THE MEMBERS OF TOPSPEC TOPCO LIMITED
- 7 -
Through these procedures, we did not become aware of actual or suspected non-compliance.
We planned and performed our audit in accordance with auditing standards but owing to the inherent limitations of procedures required in these areas, there is an unavoidable risk that we may not have detected a material misstatement in the accounts. The further removed non-compliance with laws and regulations is from the events and transactions reflected in the financial statements, the less likely we would become aware of it. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement due to fraud is higher than the risk of not detecting one resulting from error, as fraud may involve concealment, collusion, forgery, misrepresentations, or override of internal controls. We are not responsible for preventing non-compliance and cannot be expected to detect non-compliance with all laws and regulations.
A further description of our responsibilities is available on the Financial Reporting Council’s website at: https://www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our auditor's report.
This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company’s members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor's report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.
Phillipa Symington ACA CA(SA)
Senior Statutory Auditor
For and on behalf of Clive Owen LLP
12 December 2025
Chartered Accountants
Statutory Auditor
Oak Tree House
Harwood Road
Northminster Business Park
Upper Poppleton
York
YO26 6QU
TOPSPEC TOPCO LIMITED
GROUP STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025
- 8 -
2025
2024
Notes
£
£
Turnover
3
17,211,724
16,572,641
Cost of sales
(10,889,288)
(10,804,741)
Gross profit
6,322,436
5,767,900
Distribution costs
(3,144,879)
(2,967,605)
Administrative expenses
(2,721,609)
(2,571,158)
Operating profit
4
455,948
229,137
Interest receivable and similar income
8
1,578
Interest payable and similar expenses
9
(50,712)
(238,385)
Profit/(loss) before taxation
405,236
(7,670)
Tax on profit/(loss)
10
(142,702)
(88,025)
Profit/(loss) for the financial year
262,534
(95,695)
Other comprehensive income
Currency translation loss taken to retained earnings
(7,549)
Total comprehensive income for the year
254,985
(95,695)
Total comprehensive income for the year is all attributable to the owners of the parent company.
TOPSPEC TOPCO LIMITED
GROUP BALANCE SHEET
AS AT
31 MARCH 2025
31 March 2025
- 9 -
2025
2024
Notes
£
£
£
£
Fixed assets
Goodwill
12
4,126,426
4,363,625
Other intangible assets
12
34,398
2,021
Total intangible assets
4,160,824
4,365,646
Tangible assets
13
666,291
707,163
4,827,115
5,072,809
Current assets
Stocks
16
914,781
1,028,642
Debtors
17
2,210,652
2,454,999
Cash at bank and in hand
1,063,126
1,212,245
4,188,559
4,695,886
Creditors: amounts falling due within one year
18
(3,727,401)
(4,000,384)
Net current assets
461,158
695,502
Total assets less current liabilities
5,288,273
5,768,311
Creditors: amounts falling due after more than one year
19
(1,025,000)
(2,854,000)
Provisions for liabilities
Deferred tax liability
21
152,000
158,500
(152,000)
(158,500)
Net assets
4,111,273
2,755,811
Capital and reserves
Called up share capital
23
1,279,100
100
Merger reserve
2,679,960
2,679,960
Profit and loss reserves
152,213
75,751
Total equity
4,111,273
2,755,811
These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the provisions relating to medium-sized groups.
The financial statements were approved by the board of directors and authorised for issue on 11 December 2025 and are signed on its behalf by:
11 December 2025
PD Tyler
Director
Company registration number 14229951 (England and Wales)
TOPSPEC TOPCO LIMITED
COMPANY BALANCE SHEET
AS AT 31 MARCH 2025
31 March 2025
- 10 -
2025
2024
Notes
£
£
£
£
Fixed assets
Investments
14
5,818,380
5,818,380
Current assets
Debtors
17
60
60
Creditors: amounts falling due within one year
18
(3,530,356)
(3,330,144)
Net current liabilities
(3,530,296)
(3,330,084)
Total assets less current liabilities
2,288,084
2,488,296
Creditors: amounts falling due after more than one year
19
(1,000,000)
(2,779,000)
Net assets/(liabilities)
1,288,084
(290,704)
Capital and reserves
Called up share capital
23
1,279,100
100
Profit and loss reserves
8,984
(290,804)
Total equity
1,288,084
(290,704)
As permitted by s408 Companies Act 2006, the company has not presented its own profit and loss account and related notes. The company’s profit for the year was £478,311 (2024 - £117,633 loss).
The directors acknowledge their responsibilities for complying with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006 with respect to accounting records and the preparation of financial statements.
These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the provisions applicable to companies subject to the medium sized companies regime.
The financial statements were approved by the board of directors and authorised for issue on 11 December 2025 and are signed on its behalf by:
11 December 2025
PD Tyler
Director
Company registration number 14229951 (England and Wales)
TOPSPEC TOPCO LIMITED
GROUP STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025
- 11 -
Share capital
Merger reserve
Profit and loss reserves
Total
Notes
£
£
£
£
Balance at 1 April 2023
100
2,679,960
298,848
2,978,908
Year ended 31 March 2024:
Loss and total comprehensive income
-
-
(95,695)
(95,695)
Dividends
11
-
-
(127,402)
(127,402)
Balance at 31 March 2024
100
2,679,960
75,751
2,755,811
Year ended 31 March 2025:
Profit for the year
-
-
262,534
262,534
Other comprehensive income:
Currency translation differences
-
-
(7,549)
(7,549)
Total comprehensive income
-
-
254,985
254,985
Issue of share capital
23
1,279,000
-
-
1,279,000
Dividends
11
-
-
(178,523)
(178,523)
Balance at 31 March 2025
1,279,100
2,679,960
152,213
4,111,273
TOPSPEC TOPCO LIMITED
COMPANY STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025
- 12 -
Share capital
Profit and loss reserves
Total
Notes
£
£
£
Balance at 1 April 2023
100
(45,769)
(45,669)
Year ended 31 March 2024:
Loss and total comprehensive income for the year
-
(117,633)
(117,633)
Dividends
11
-
(127,402)
(127,402)
Balance at 31 March 2024
100
(290,804)
(290,704)
Year ended 31 March 2025:
Profit and total comprehensive income
-
478,311
478,311
Issue of share capital
23
1,279,000
-
1,279,000
Dividends
11
-
(178,523)
(178,523)
Balance at 31 March 2025
1,279,100
8,984
1,288,084
TOPSPEC TOPCO LIMITED
GROUP STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025
- 13 -
2025
2024
Notes
£
£
£
£
Cash flows from operating activities
Cash generated from/(absorbed by) operations
28
285,556
(336,892)
Interest paid
(238,385)
Income taxes paid
(112,012)
(40,488)
Net cash inflow/(outflow) from operating activities
173,544
(615,765)
Investing activities
Purchase of intangible assets
(41,375)
(2,073)
Purchase of tangible fixed assets
(45,524)
(80,652)
Proceeds from disposal of tangible fixed assets
-
10,159
Repayment of loans
-
(550)
Interest received
-
1,578
Net cash used in investing activities
(86,899)
(71,538)
Financing activities
Repayment of bank loans
(50,000)
(50,000)
Dividends paid to equity shareholders
(178,523)
(127,402)
Net cash used in financing activities
(228,523)
(177,402)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
(141,878)
(864,705)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
1,212,245
2,076,854
Effect of foreign exchange rates
(7,241)
96
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
1,063,126
1,212,245
TOPSPEC TOPCO LIMITED
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025
- 14 -
1
Accounting policies
Company information
TopSpec Topco Limited (“the company”) is a private limited company domiciled and incorporated in England and Wales. The registered office is Middle Park Farm, Pickhill, Thirsk, North Yorkshire, England, YO7 4JN.
The group consists of TopSpec Topco Limited and all of its subsidiaries.
1.1
Accounting convention
These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with FRS 102 “The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland” (“FRS 102”) and the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.
The financial statements are prepared in sterling, which is the functional currency of the company. Monetary amounts in these financial statements are rounded to the nearest £.
The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention. The principal accounting policies adopted are set out below.
The company has taken advantage of section 33.1A exemption from the disclosure requirement concerning related party transactions conducted between wholly owned group entities.
1.2
Business combinations
In the parent company financial statements, the cost of a business combination is the fair value at the acquisition date of the assets given, equity instruments issued and liabilities incurred or assumed, plus costs directly attributable to the business combination. The excess of the cost of a business combination over the fair value of the identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities acquired is recognised as goodwill. The cost of the combination includes the estimated amount of contingent consideration that is probable and can be measured reliably, and is adjusted for changes in contingent consideration after the acquisition date. Provisional fair values recognised for business combinations in previous periods are adjusted retrospectively for final fair values determined in the 12 months following the acquisition date. Investments in subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates are accounted for at cost less impairment.
1.3
Basis of consolidation
The consolidated group financial statements consist of the financial statements of the parent company TopSpec Topco Limited together with all entities controlled by the parent company (its subsidiaries).
All intra-group transactions, balances and unrealised gains on transactions between group companies are eliminated on consolidation. Unrealised losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred.
1.4
Going concern
At the time of approving the financial statements, the directors have a reasonable expectation that the group has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. Thus the directors continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting in preparing the financial statements.
1.5
Turnover
Turnover is recognised at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable for goods and services provided in the normal course of business, and is shown net of VAT and other sales related taxes. The fair value of consideration takes into account trade discounts, settlement discounts and volume rebates.
Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have passed to the buyer (usually on delivery of the goods), the amount of revenue can be measured reliably, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the entity and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably.
TOPSPEC TOPCO LIMITED
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025
1
Accounting policies
(Continued)
- 15 -
1.6
Intangible fixed assets - goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of acquisition of a business over the fair value of net assets acquired. It is initially recognised as an asset at cost and is subsequently measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. Goodwill is considered to have a finite useful life and is amortised on a systematic basis over its expected life, which is 20 years.
For the purposes of impairment testing, goodwill is allocated to the cash-generating units expected to benefit from the acquisition. Cash-generating units to which goodwill has been allocated are tested for impairment at least annually, or more frequently when there is an indication that the unit may be impaired. If the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit is less than the carrying amount of the unit, the impairment loss is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the unit and then to the other assets of the unit pro-rata on the basis of the carrying amount of each asset in the unit.
1.7
Intangible fixed assets other than goodwill
Intangible assets acquired separately from a business are recognised at cost and are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses.
Intangible assets acquired on business combinations are recognised separately from goodwill at the acquisition date where it is probable that the expected future economic benefits that are attributable to the asset will flow to the entity and the fair value of the asset can be measured reliably; the intangible asset arises from contractual or other legal rights; and the intangible asset is separable from the entity.
Amortisation is recognised so as to write off the cost of assets less their residual values over their useful lives on the following bases:
Software
33% straight line
Other intangibles
10% straight line
1.8
Tangible fixed assets
Tangible fixed assets are initially measured at cost and subsequently measured at cost, net of depreciation and any impairment losses.
Depreciation is recognised so as to write off the cost of assets less their residual values over their useful lives on the following bases:
Leasehold improvements
Nil
Plant and equipment
15% straight line
Fixtures and fittings
33.33% straight line
Motor vehicles
25% straight line
The gain or loss arising on the disposal of an asset is determined as the difference between the sale proceeds and the carrying value of the asset, and is recognised in the profit and loss account.
1.9
Fixed asset investments
Equity investments are measured at fair value through profit or loss, except for those equity investments that are not publicly traded and whose fair value cannot otherwise be measured reliably, which are recognised at cost less impairment until a reliable measure of fair value becomes available.
In the parent company financial statements, investments in subsidiaries are initially measured at cost and subsequently measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses.
A subsidiary is an entity controlled by the group. Control is the power to govern the financial and operating policies of the entity so as to obtain benefits from its activities.
TOPSPEC TOPCO LIMITED
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025
1
Accounting policies
(Continued)
- 16 -
1.10
Impairment of fixed assets
At each reporting period end date, the group reviews the carrying amounts of its tangible and intangible assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any).
1.11
Stocks
Stocks are stated at the lower of cost and estimated selling price less costs to complete and sell. Cost comprises direct materials and, where applicable, direct labour costs and those overheads that have been incurred in bringing the stocks to their present location and condition.
At each reporting date, an assessment is made for impairment. Any excess of the carrying amount of stocks over its estimated selling price less costs to complete and sell is recognised as an impairment loss in profit or loss. Reversals of impairment losses are also recognised in profit or loss.
1.12
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents are basic financial assets and include cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks, other short-term liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less, and bank overdrafts. Bank overdrafts are shown within borrowings in current liabilities.
1.13
Financial instruments
The group has elected to apply the provisions of Section 11 ‘Basic Financial Instruments’ and Section 12 ‘Other Financial Instruments Issues’ of FRS 102 to all of its financial instruments.
Financial instruments are recognised in the group's balance sheet when the group becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.
Basic financial assets
Basic financial assets, which include debtors and cash and bank balances, are initially measured at transaction price including transaction costs and are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest method unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the transaction is measured at the present value of the future receipts discounted at a market rate of interest. Financial assets classified as receivable within one year are not amortised.
Other financial assets
Other financial assets, including investments in equity instruments which are not subsidiaries, are initially measured at fair value, which is normally the transaction price. Such assets are subsequently carried at fair value and the changes in fair value are recognised in profit or loss, except that investments in equity instruments that are not publicly traded and whose fair values cannot be measured reliably are measured at cost less impairment.
Impairment of financial assets
Financial assets, other than those held at fair value through profit and loss, are assessed for indicators of impairment at each reporting end date.
Financial assets are impaired where there is objective evidence that, as a result of one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the financial asset, the estimated future cash flows have been affected. If an asset is impaired, the impairment loss is the difference between the carrying amount and the present value of the estimated cash flows discounted at the asset’s original effective interest rate. The impairment loss is recognised in profit or loss.
TOPSPEC TOPCO LIMITED
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025
1
Accounting policies
(Continued)
- 17 -
Derecognition of financial assets
Financial assets are derecognised only when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire or are settled, or when the group transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to another entity, or if some significant risks and rewards of ownership are retained but control of the asset has transferred to another party that is able to sell the asset in its entirety to an unrelated third party.
Classification of financial liabilities
Financial liabilities and equity instruments are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into. An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the group after deducting all of its liabilities.
Basic financial liabilities
Basic financial liabilities, including creditors, bank loans, loans from fellow group companies and preference shares that are classified as debt, are initially recognised at transaction price unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the debt instrument is measured at the present value of the future payments discounted at a market rate of interest. Financial liabilities classified as payable within one year are not amortised.
Debt instruments are subsequently carried at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method.
Trade creditors are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business from suppliers. Amounts payable are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less. If not, they are presented as non-current liabilities. Trade creditors are recognised initially at transaction price and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.
Derecognition of financial liabilities
Financial liabilities are derecognised when the group's contractual obligations expire or are discharged or cancelled.
1.14
Equity instruments
Equity instruments issued by the group are recorded at the proceeds received, net of transaction costs. Dividends payable on equity instruments are recognised as liabilities once they are no longer at the discretion of the group.
1.15
Taxation
The tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax.
Current tax
The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from net profit as reported in the profit and loss account because it excludes items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and it further excludes items that are never taxable or deductible. The group’s liability for current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting end date.
Deferred tax
Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all timing differences and deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that they will be recovered against the reversal of deferred tax liabilities or other future taxable profits. Such assets and liabilities are not recognised if the timing difference arises from goodwill or from the initial recognition of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the tax profit nor the accounting profit.
TOPSPEC TOPCO LIMITED
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025
1
Accounting policies
(Continued)
- 18 -
1.16
Employee benefits
The costs of short-term employee benefits are recognised as a liability and an expense, unless those costs are required to be recognised as part of the cost of stock or fixed assets.
The cost of any unused holiday entitlement is recognised in the period in which the employee’s services are received.
Termination benefits are recognised immediately as an expense when the company is demonstrably committed to terminate the employment of an employee or to provide termination benefits.
1.17
Retirement benefits
Payments to defined contribution retirement benefit schemes are charged as an expense as they fall due.
1.18
Leases
Rentals payable under operating leases, including any lease incentives received, are charged to profit or loss on a straight line basis over the term of the relevant lease except where another more systematic basis is more representative of the time pattern in which economic benefits from the leased asset are consumed.
1.19
Foreign exchange
Where supplies are obtained, or sales made are on terms denominated in foreign currency, such transactions are translated into the functional currency using exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated at the rate of exchange ruling at the end of the reporting period. Exchange gains or losses arising on the settlement or translation of monetary items are included in profit or loss from operations.
The assets and liabilities of the Group's overseas subsidiary undertakings are translated into the presentation currency using exchange rates prevailing at the end of the reporting period. Translation differences in respect of the assets and liabilities of the foreign subsidiaries are accounted for within other comprehensive income, and credited ultimately to retained earnings. Income and expenses of the profit and loss items of those overseas subsidiaries are translated at the average exchange rates for the period, which approximate to the actual rates on transaction dates.
2
Judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty
In the application of the group’s accounting policies, the directors are required to make judgements, estimates and assumptions about the carrying amount of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised where the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods where the revision affects both current and future periods.
TOPSPEC TOPCO LIMITED
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025
- 19 -
3
Turnover and other revenue
2025
2024
£
£
Turnover analysed by class of business
Sale of goods
17,211,724
16,572,641
2025
2024
£
£
Turnover analysed by geographical market
UK
15,624,056
15,009,335
Europe
1,587,668
1,563,306
17,211,724
16,572,641
2025
2024
£
£
Other revenue
Interest income
-
1,578
4
Operating profit
2025
2024
£
£
Operating profit for the year is stated after charging/(crediting):
Exchange losses
26,329
19,047
Fees payable to the group's auditor for the audit of the group's financial statements
3,650
3,000
Depreciation of owned tangible fixed assets
85,815
82,498
Profit on disposal of tangible fixed assets
-
(9,456)
Amortisation of intangible assets
246,197
236,084
Operating lease charges
318,781
215,620
5
Auditor's remuneration
2025
2024
Fees payable to the company's auditor and associates:
£
£
For audit services
Audit of the financial statements of the group and company
3,650
3,000
Audit of the financial statements of the company's subsidiaries
17,500
16,500
21,150
19,500
TOPSPEC TOPCO LIMITED
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025
- 20 -
6
Employees
The average monthly number of persons (including directors) employed by the group and company during the year was:
Group
Company
2025
2024
2025
2024
Number
Number
Number
Number
Management
5
5
3
3
Administration and sales staff
47
46
-
-
Total
52
51
3
3
Their aggregate remuneration comprised:
Group
Company
2025
2024
2025
2024
£
£
£
£
Wages and salaries
1,483,844
1,481,951
Social security costs
183,937
175,449
-
-
Pension costs
70,995
71,796
1,738,776
1,729,196
7
Directors' remuneration
2025
2024
£
£
Remuneration for qualifying services
107,310
104,532
Company pension contributions to defined contribution schemes
4,108
3,969
111,418
108,501
The number of directors for whom retirement benefits are accruing under defined contribution scheme amounted to 3 (2024: 3).
The comparative disclosure has been amended to show the correct split between directors remuneration and key management personnel remuneration (note 26 to the financial statements).
8
Interest receivable and similar income
2025
2024
£
£
Interest income
Other interest income
-
1,578
TOPSPEC TOPCO LIMITED
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025
- 21 -
9
Interest payable and similar expenses
2025
2024
£
£
Interest payable on loan notes
50,712
238,385
10
Taxation
2025
2024
£
£
Current tax
UK corporation tax on profits for the current period
150,865
112,450
Adjustments in respect of prior periods
(1,663)
6,598
Total current tax
149,202
119,048
Deferred tax
Origination and reversal of timing differences
(6,500)
(31,023)
Total tax charge
142,702
88,025
The actual charge for the year can be reconciled to the expected charge/(credit) for the year based on the profit or loss and the standard rate of tax as follows:
2025
2024
£
£
Profit/(loss) before taxation
405,236
(7,670)
Expected tax charge/(credit) based on the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK of 25.00% (2024: 25.00%)
101,220
(1,918)
Tax effect of expenses that are not deductible in determining taxable profit
3,445
10,305
Movement in deferred tax charge for changes in tax rates
-
1,663
Movement in deferred tax charge not recognised
5,567
84,700
Capital allowances in excess of depreciation
-
(3,490)
Amortisation on assets not qualifying for tax allowances
59,300
58,925
Research and development tax credit
-
(23,667)
Effect of overseas tax rates
(25,167)
(13,480)
Under/(over) provided in prior years
(1,663)
6,933
Deferred tax adjustments in respect of prior years
-
(31,614)
Tax at marginal rate
-
(332)
Taxation charge
142,702
88,025
TOPSPEC TOPCO LIMITED
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025
- 22 -
11
Dividends
2025
2024
Recognised as distributions to equity holders:
£
£
Interim paid
178,523
127,402
12
Intangible fixed assets
Group
Goodwill
Software
Other intangibles
Total
£
£
£
£
Cost
At 1 April 2024
4,743,972
2,613
4,746,585
Additions
41,375
41,375
At 31 March 2025
4,743,972
41,375
2,613
4,787,960
Amortisation and impairment
At 1 April 2024
380,347
592
380,939
Amortisation charged for the year
237,199
8,791
207
246,197
At 31 March 2025
617,546
8,791
799
627,136
Carrying amount
At 31 March 2025
4,126,426
32,584
1,814
4,160,824
At 31 March 2024
4,363,625
2,021
4,365,646
The company had no intangible fixed assets at 31 March 2025 or 31 March 2024.
TOPSPEC TOPCO LIMITED
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025
- 23 -
13
Tangible fixed assets
Group
Leasehold improvements
Plant and equipment
Fixtures and fittings
Motor vehicles
Total
£
£
£
£
£
Cost
At 1 April 2024
353,406
83,922
254,109
107,178
798,615
Additions
40,901
4,623
45,524
Exchange adjustments
(123)
(37)
(160)
At 31 March 2025
353,406
124,700
258,695
107,178
843,979
Depreciation and impairment
At 1 April 2024
10,620
63,736
17,096
91,452
Depreciation charged in the year
15,922
34,186
35,707
85,815
Exchange adjustments
(50)
471
421
At 31 March 2025
26,492
98,393
52,803
177,688
Carrying amount
At 31 March 2025
353,406
98,208
160,302
54,375
666,291
At 31 March 2024
353,406
73,302
190,373
90,082
707,163
The company had no tangible fixed assets at 31 March 2025 or 31 March 2024.
All tangible assets of the Group have been pledged to secure borrowings of the company shown in note 19.
14
Fixed asset investments
Group
Company
2025
2024
2025
2024
Notes
£
£
£
£
Investments in subsidiaries
15
5,818,380
5,818,380
TOPSPEC TOPCO LIMITED
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025
- 24 -
15
Subsidiaries
Details of the company's subsidiaries at 31 March 2025 are as follows:
Name of undertaking
Registered office
Class of
% Held
shares held
Direct
Indirect
TopSpec Holdings Limited
Middle Park Farm, Pickhill, Thirsk, England, YO7 4JN
Ordinary
100.00
-
TopSpec Equine Limited
Middle Park Farm, Pickhill, Thirsk, England, YO7 4JN
Ordinary
0
100.00
VetSpec Limited
Middle Park Farm, Pickhill, Thirsk, England, YO7 4JN
Ordinary A
0
75.00
TopSpec Equine (Ireland) Limited
Level 4, The Cornmarket, Robert Street, Limerick, Ireland
Ordinary
0
100.00
TopSpec Equine (Export) Limited
Kolonienstraat 11, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
Ordinary
0
99.00
Topspec Systems Limited
Middle Park Farm, Pickhill, Thirsk, England, YO7 4JN
Ordinary
0
100.00
16
Stocks
Group
Company
2025
2024
2025
2024
£
£
£
£
Finished goods and consumables
914,781
1,028,642
During the year, no provisions (2024: £nil) were recognised in the financial statements.
17
Debtors
Group
Company
2025
2024
2025
2024
Amounts falling due within one year:
£
£
£
£
Trade debtors
2,025,509
2,022,788
Other debtors
57,266
284,739
60
60
Prepayments and accrued income
127,877
147,472
2,210,652
2,454,999
60
60
TOPSPEC TOPCO LIMITED
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025
- 25 -
18
Creditors: amounts falling due within one year
Group
Company
2025
2024
2025
2024
Notes
£
£
£
£
Bank loans
20
50,000
50,000
Trade creditors
1,819,991
1,954,732
Amounts owed to group undertakings
1,941,608
1,590,056
Corporation tax payable
148,929
112,012
Other taxation and social security
41,020
41,926
-
-
Other creditors
1,187,882
1,401,457
1,187,882
1,389,934
Accruals and deferred income
479,579
440,257
400,866
350,154
3,727,401
4,000,384
3,530,356
3,330,144
19
Creditors: amounts falling due after more than one year
Group
Company
2025
2024
2025
2024
Notes
£
£
£
£
Debenture loans
20
1,000,000
2,779,000
1,000,000
2,779,000
Bank loans
20
25,000
75,000
1,025,000
2,854,000
1,000,000
2,779,000
Bank loans are secured by fixed and floating charge over the assets of the company. They are repayable in quarterly instalments by 2026.
20
Loans and overdrafts
Group
Company
2025
2024
2025
2024
£
£
£
£
Debenture loans
1,000,000
2,779,000
1,000,000
2,779,000
Bank loans
75,000
125,000
1,075,000
2,904,000
1,000,000
2,779,000
Payable within one year
50,000
50,000
Payable after one year
1,025,000
2,854,000
1,000,000
2,779,000
Debenture loans of £1,000,000 (£2,779,000) have no fixed repayment terms and carry interest at a rate of up to 3.5% above UK Bank of England base rate. The actual rate charged is at the holders discretion. The debenture loans are secured by way of a fixed and floating charge over the assets of the Group.
The bank loans of £25,000 (2024: £75,000) represent a Coronavirus Bounce Back Loan and being government backed, there is no security provided by the company on this loan.
TOPSPEC TOPCO LIMITED
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025
- 26 -
21
Deferred taxation
The following are the major deferred tax liabilities and assets recognised by the group, and movements thereon:
Liabilities
Liabilities
2025
2024
Group
£
£
Accelerated capital allowances
152,000
158,500
The company has no deferred tax assets or liabilities.
Group
Company
2025
2025
Movements in the year:
£
£
Liability at 1 April 2024
158,500
-
Credit to profit or loss
(6,500)
-
Liability at 31 March 2025
152,000
-
22
Retirement benefit schemes
2025
2024
Defined contribution schemes
£
£
Charge to profit or loss in respect of defined contribution schemes
70,995
71,796
A defined contribution pension scheme is operated for all qualifying employees. The assets of the scheme are held separately from those of the group in an independently administered fund. At the year end £nil (2024: £11,523) was payable.
TOPSPEC TOPCO LIMITED
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025
- 27 -
23
Share capital
Group and company
2025
2024
2025
2024
Ordinary share capital
Number
Number
£
£
Issued and fully paid
A Ordinary Shares of 1p each
6,000
6,000
60
60
B Ordinary Shares of 1p each
1,750
1,750
17
20
C Ordinary Shares of 1p each
1,750
1,750
18
20
D Ordinary Shares of 1p each
500
500
5
5
10,000
10,000
100
100
2025
2024
2025
2024
Preference share capital
Number
Number
£
£
Issued and fully paid
A Preference Shares of £1 each
639,500
-
639,500
-
B Preference Shares of £1 each
639,500
-
639,500
-
1,279,000
-
1,279,000
-
Preference shares classified as equity
1,279,000
-
Total equity share capital
1,279,100
100
On the 24 January 2024 all classes of shares were subdivided, as follows:
60 A Ordinary shares with a nominal value of £1.00 per share were subdivided into 6,000 A Ordinary shares with a nominal value of £0.01 each, and a total value of £60.
20 B Ordinary shares with a nominal value of £1.00 per share were subdivided into 2,000 B Ordinary shares with a nominal value of £0.01 each, and a total value of £20.
20 C Ordinary shares with a nominal value of £1.00 per share were subdivided into 2,000 C Ordinary shares with a nominal value of £0.01 each, and a total value of £20.
On the 24 January 2024 250 B Ordinary Shares were redesignated as 250 D Ordinary shares. On the same date 250 C Ordinary shares were also redesignated as 250 D Ordinary Shares.
All classes of ordinary shares have full voting rights and full entitlement to profit and capital distribution including upon winding up.
During the year Loan notes were converted to Preference Shares, as follows:
Loan notes with a value of £639,500 were converted into 639,500 A Preference shares with a nominal value of £1.
Loan notes with a value of £639,500 were converted into 639,500 B Preference shares with a nominal value of £1
The A Preference shares and B Preference shares do not provide the holders with entitlement to either voting rights, or fixed dividends. The Preference shares afford the holder preferential rights to capital on winding up on the amount paid. Both A and B Preference shares are redeemable out of the companies’ profits at the discretion of the company.
TOPSPEC TOPCO LIMITED
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025
- 28 -
24
Operating lease commitments
Lessee
At the reporting end date the group had outstanding commitments for future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases, which fall due as follows:
Group
Company
2025
2024
2025
2024
£
£
£
£
Within one year
123,648
67,999
-
-
Between two and five years
115,644
23,615
-
-
239,292
91,614
-
-
25
Capital commitments
Amounts contracted for but not provided in the financial statements:
Group
Company
2025
2024
2025
2024
£
£
£
£
Acquisition of tangible fixed assets
-
33,577
-
-
Acquisition of intangible assets
38,269
6,850
-
-
38,269
40,427
-
-
26
Related party transactions
Remuneration of key management personnel
The remuneration of key management personnel is as follows.
2025
2024
£
£
Aggregate compensation
147,885
142,884
Other information
At the balance sheet date the group is owed £nil by (2024: £191,677) Springwater Stud Farm, a partnership in which two of the directors are partners. During the period the company paid rent of £120,000 (2024: £120,000) and trial fees costs of £148,000 (2024 £148,000) to Spring Water Stud Farm.
Mr P Tyler and Mrs N Tyler are the joint holders of the debenture loan notes of £1,000,000 (2024: £2,779,000), held in Topspec Topco limited. Interest is chargeable on the loan notes at a rate of up to 3.5% over UK Bank of England Base Rate, and interest has accrued in the year of £50,712 (2024: £238,385).
27
Controlling party
The ultimate controlling party is K Mickle, by virtue of shareholding.
TOPSPEC TOPCO LIMITED
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025
- 29 -
28
Cash generated from/(absorbed by) group operations
2025
2024
£
£
Profit/(loss) after taxation
262,534
(95,695)
Adjustments for:
Taxation charged
142,702
88,025
Finance costs
50,712
238,385
Investment income
(1,578)
Gain on disposal of tangible fixed assets
-
(9,456)
Amortisation and impairment of intangible assets
246,197
236,084
Depreciation and impairment of tangible fixed assets
85,815
82,498
Movements in working capital:
Decrease in stocks
113,861
174,029
Decrease/(increase) in debtors
244,347
(148,087)
Decrease in creditors
(860,612)
(901,097)
Cash generated from/(absorbed by) operations
285,556
(336,892)
29
Analysis of changes in net debt - group
1 April 2024
Cash flows
Other non-cash changes
Exchange rate movements
31 March 2025
£
£
£
£
£
Cash at bank and in hand
1,212,245
(141,878)
-
(7,241)
1,063,126
Borrowings excluding overdrafts
(2,904,000)
-
1,779,000
-
(1,075,000)
(1,691,755)
(141,878)
1,779,000
(7,241)
(11,874)
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