The directors present the strategic report for the year ended 31 December 2024.

The principal activity of the company is that of a holding company. The principal activities of the subsidiary undertakings within the group are that of precision engineering and the treatment and coating of metals.

Following the acquisition of the group's main trading subsidiary undertakings, Stainless Plating Limited on 14 August 2023 and Atlantic Precision Engineering Limited on 24 August 2023, the current year has seen the continuing integration of these subsidiaries into the group.

Both these companies experienced growth in turnover year on year, with Stainless Plating Limited's turnover increasing by 22% to £3.938 million and Atlantic Precision Engineering Limited's turnover increasing by 10.8% to £4.914 million.

At the year end, the group had shareholders' funds of £1,688,533 (2023: £676,067) including distributable profits amounting to £1,688,433 (2023: £675,967). The directors therefore believe the group’s position to be satisfactory and look forward to continuing growth in the future.

The directors have identified the key risks faced by the group and have put systems in place to mitigate these risks.

The directors perceive inflationary pressures on the costs of the products and services it supplies and a rising cost base in general as key risks facing the group. To mitigate these risks, the directors continue to monitor and control costs whilst continuing to source products at competitive prices.

The group believes that the key risk to the business is the general economic climate. However, the directors see this risk is mitigated to a certain extent by its excellent reputation and the quality of the products it supplies.

The group in general operates in a competitive market. By continuing to focus on customer service, the directors believe they will not only mitigate any such risks, but achieve continuing growth going forward.

The group is subject to a number of laws and regulations including environmental and health and safety, which could result in additional costs related to compliance.

Interest rate risk

The group and company's funding are principally via a bank mortgage and invoice discounting which attract interest at a variable rate. Funding is also provided by the group's parent undertaking, Bushman Properties Limited. Thus debt costs and cash flow can be affected by the movements in interest rates.

Liquidity risk

The group and company manages its cash and borrowing requirements in order to minimise interest expense, and ensure there are sufficient liquid resources to meet day to day business needs.

Credit risk

Trade debtors are monitored on an ongoing basis to manage credit risk.

The group continues to exploit its reputation in the market and looks to the future with confidence.

The key performance indicators of the group for the year ended 31 December 2024 were as follows:-

Year ended     Period ended

31 December 2024 31 December 2023    

£'000's          £'000's    

Sales                     8,839         2,732

Gross Profit             5,102          1,389

EBITDA                     1,711         183

Stock                     887          778

The results for the period ended 31 December 2023 were for the group's first period of trading which was less than one year and only include the post acquisition trading results of the group's main trading subsidiary undertakings that were acquired part through that period.

On behalf of the board

The directors present their annual report and financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2024.

The results for the year are set out on page 9.

No ordinary dividends were paid. The directors do not recommend payment of a further dividend.

The directors who held office during the year and up to the date of signature of the financial statements were as follows:

In accordance with the company's articles, a resolution proposing that Chadwick & Company (Manchester) Limited be reappointed as auditor of the group will be put at a General Meeting.

The directors are responsible for preparing the Annual Report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.

Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the directors have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (United Kingdom Accounting Standards and applicable law). Under company law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the group and company, and of the profit or loss of the group for that period. In preparing these financial statements, the directors are required to:

• select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;

• make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent;

• state whether applicable UK Accounting Standards have been followed, subject to any material departures disclosed and explained in the financial statements;

• prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the group and company will continue in business.

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the group’s and company’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the group and company and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the group and company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

The truegroup and company have chosen in accordance with Companies Act 2006, s. 414C(11) to set out in the group and company's strategic report information required by Medium-sized Companies (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2008, Sch. 7 to be contained in the directors' report. It has done so in respect of the fair review of the business, principal risks and uncertainties, development and performance and key performance indicators.

So far as each person who was a director at the date of approving this report is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the auditor of the company is unaware. Additionally, the directors individually have taken all the necessary steps that they ought to have taken as directors in order to make themselves aware of all relevant audit information and to establish that the auditor of the company is aware of that information.

This report has been prepared in accordance with the provisions applicable to companies entitled to the medium-sized companies exemption.

Qualified opinion

We have audited the financial statements of Stainless Plating Holdings Limited (the 'parent company') and its subsidiaries (the 'group') for the year ended 31 December 2024 which comprise the group statement of comprehensive income, the group balance sheet, the company balance sheet, the group statement of changes in equity, the company statement of changes in equity, the group statement of cash flows and notes to the financial statements, including significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including Financial Reporting Standard 102 The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).

In our opinion, except for the possible effects of the matter described in the basis for qualified opinion section of our report, the financial statements:

• give a true and fair view of the state of the group and company's affairs as at 31 December 2024 and of the group's loss and company's profit for the year then ended;

• have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and

• have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.

Basis for qualified opinion

We were not appointed as auditor of the group until after its previous accounting period end of 31 December 2023 and thus did not observe the counting of physical inventories in some of the group's subsidiary undertakings at the end of that period. We were unable to satisfy by alternative means concerning the total inventory quantities held by certain of that group's subsidiary undertakings as at 31 December 2023, which are included in the Balance Sheet at £777,975, by using other audit procedures.

Consequently, we were unable to determine whether any adjustment to this amount was necessary. In addition, were any adjustment to the stock balance to be required the strategic report would need to be amended.

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our qualified opinion.

Key audit matters

Except for the matter described in the basis for qualified opinion section, we have determined that there are no key audit matters to be communicated in our report.

Conclusions relating to going concern

In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate.

Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the group's and parent company's ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue.

Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report.

Other information

The other information comprises the information included in the annual report other than the financial statements and our auditor's report thereon. The directors are responsible for the other information contained within the annual report.

Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.

Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact.

We have nothing to report in this regard.

As described in the basis for qualified section of our report, we were unable to satisfy ourselves concerning the inventory quantities held by certain of the group's subsidiary undertakings of £777,975 held at 31 December 2023, Consequently, we were unable to determine whether any adjustment to the inventory balance or related balances such as cost of sales were necessary.

Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of our audit:

• The information given in the strategic report and the directors' report for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and

• The strategic report and the directors' report have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.

In respect solely of the limitation on our work relating to stock, described above:

• we have not obtained all the information and explanations that we considered necessary for the purpose of our audit; and

• we were unable to determine whether adequate accounting records had been maintained.

In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the group and the parent company and their environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the strategic report or the directors' report.

Except for the matter described in the basis for qualified opinion section of our report, in the light of the knowledge and understanding of the group and the company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the strategic report and the directors' report. We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:

• returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or

• the financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or

• certain disclosures of directors' remuneration specified by law are not made; or

• we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.

As explained more fully in the directors' responsibilities statement, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the parent company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the parent company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor's report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.

Our objectives are also are to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the financial information of the entities or business activities within the group to express an opinion on the group financial statements. We are responsible for the direction, supervision and performance of the group audit. We remain solely responsible for our audit opinion.

A further description of our responsibilities is available on the Financial Reporting Council’s website at: https://www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our auditor's report.

The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud, is detailed below.

Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud. The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud, is detailed below.

We considered and updated our knowledge of the company's specific industry and its regulatory environment, and reviewed the company's documentation surrounding the policies and procedures relating to fraud and compliance with laws and regulations. We also enquired of management about their own identification and assessment of the risks of irregularities. Based on this understanding, we identified and assessed the risks of material misstatement in the financial statements and designed and performed audit procedures in response to those risks.

We identified the key laws and regulations that have a direct effect on the determination of material amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, including the Health & Safety at Work etc Act 1974, AS9100 Accreditation, Employment Law, UK Companies Act 2006 and all other laws and regulations relating to the business. We also gained knowledge of the legal and regulatory frameworks which do not have a direct effect on the financial statements but compliance with which may be fundamental to the company's ability to operate or to avoid a material penalty.

The audit engagement team were made aware of the potential opportunities and incentives that may exist within the company for fraudulent activity and how and where fraud might occur or be concealed within the financial statements.

In common with all audits under ISAs (UK), we are also required to perform specific procedures to respond to the risk of management override of controls. In addressing the risk of fraud through management override of controls, we tested the appropriateness of journal entries and other manual adjustments; assessed whether the judgements made in making accounting estimates are indicative of a potential bias; and evaluated the business rationale of any significant transactions that are unusual or outside the normal course of business.

In addition to the above, we designed procedures which included:

• enquiring of management and those charged with governance concerning actual and potential litigation and claims and any known instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations;

• assessing the extent of compliance with the laws and regulations considered to have a direct material effect on the financial statements or the operations of the company through enquiry or inspection;

• reviewing financial statement disclosures and testing to supporting documentation to assess compliance with applicable laws and regulations;

• performing detailed audit work on areas identified as being susceptible to management bias and override of controls, such as provisions, estimates and journal entries, evaluating the business rationale of significant transactions outside the normal course of business and reviewing accounting estimates for indicators of bias;

• performing analytical procedures to identify any unusual relationships that may indicate a risk of material misstatement due to fraud.

Because of the inherent limitations of an audit, there is a risk that we will not detect all irregularities, including those leading to a material misstatement in the financial statements or non-compliance with regulation. This risk increases the more that compliance with a law or regulation is removed from the events and transactions reflected in the financial statements, as we will be less likely to become aware of instances of non-compliance. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.

Use of our report

This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company’s members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor's report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.

The profit and loss account has been prepared on the basis that all operations are continuing operations.

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the provisions relating to medium-sized groups.

As permitted by s408 Companies Act 2006, the company has not presented its own profit and loss account and related notes. The company’s profit for the year was £31,253 (2023 - £15,989 profit).

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the provisions relating to medium-sized companies.

Stainless Plating Holdings Limited (“the company”) is a private limited company domiciled and incorporated in England and Wales. The registered office is 24 Don Road, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S9 2UB.

The group consists of Stainless Plating Holdings Limited and all of its subsidiaries.

The financial statements are for the group and company's financial year ended 31 December 2024. The comparative figures were for the group and company's first financial statements from its date of incorporation to its first accounting period end of 31 December 2023. The previous accounting period was shortened so that the period end was co-terminous with that of the company's subsidiary undertakings. This period was shorter than one year and the consolidated financial statements for the comparative period only included the trading results of the group's subsidiary undertakings from their dates of acquisition in August 2023. As such, the comparative amounts presented in these financial statements (including the related notes) are not entirely comparable.

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with FRS 102 “The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland” (“FRS 102”) and the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.

The financial statements are prepared in sterling, which is the functional currency of the company. Monetary amounts in these financial statements are rounded to the nearest £.

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention. The principal accounting policies adopted are set out below.

The company is a qualifying entity for the purposes of FRS 102, being a member of a group where the parent of that group prepares publicly available consolidated financial statements, including this company, which are intended to give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities, financial position and profit or loss of the group. The company has therefore taken advantage of exemptions from the following disclosure requirements for parent company information presented within the consolidated financial statements:

• Section 7 ‘Statement of Cash Flows’: Presentation of a statement of cash flow and related notes and disclosures;

• Section 11 ‘Basic Financial Instruments’ and Section 12 ‘Other Financial Instrument Issues: Interest income/expense and net gains/losses for financial instruments not measured at fair value; basis of determining fair values; details of collateral, loan defaults or breaches, details of hedges, hedging fair value changes recognised in profit or loss and in other comprehensive income;

• Section 33 ‘Related Party Disclosures’: Compensation for key management personnel.

In the parent company financial statements, the cost of a business combination is the fair value at the acquisition date of the assets given, equity instruments issued and liabilities incurred or assumed, plus costs directly attributable to the business combination. The excess of the cost of a business combination over the fair value of the identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities acquired is recognised as goodwill. The cost of the combination includes the estimated amount of contingent consideration that is probable and can be measured reliably, and is adjusted for changes in contingent consideration after the acquisition date. Provisional fair values recognised for business combinations in previous periods are adjusted retrospectively for final fair values determined in the 12 months following the acquisition date. Investments in subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates are accounted for at cost less impairment.

Deferred tax is recognised on differences between the value of assets (other than goodwill) and liabilities recognised in a business combination accounted for using the purchase method and the amounts that can be deducted or assessed for tax, considering the manner in which the carrying amount of the asset or liability is expected to be recovered or settled. The deferred tax recognised is adjusted against goodwill or negative goodwill.

The consolidated group financial statements consist of the financial statements of the parent company Stainless Plating Holdings Limited together with all entities controlled by the parent company (its subsidiaries) and the group’s share of its interests in joint ventures and associates.

All financial statements are made up to 31 December 2024. Where necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements of subsidiaries to bring the accounting policies used into line with those used by other members of the group.

All intra-group transactions, balances and unrealised gains on transactions between group companies are eliminated on consolidation. Unrealised losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred.

Subsidiaries are consolidated in the group’s financial statements from the date that control commences until the date that control ceases.

At the time of approving the financial statements, the directors have a reasonable expectation that the group has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. Thus the directors continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting in preparing the financial statements.

Turnover is recognised at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable for goods and services provided in the normal course of business, and is shown net of VAT and other sales related taxes. The fair value of consideration takes into account trade discounts, settlement discounts and volume rebates.

Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have passed to the buyer (usually on dispatch of the goods), the amount of revenue can be measured reliably, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the entity and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably.

Research expenditure is written off against profits in the year in which it is incurred. Identifiable development expenditure is capitalised to the extent that the technical, commercial and financial feasibility can be demonstrated.

Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of acquisition of a business over the fair value of net assets acquired. It is initially recognised as an asset at cost and is subsequently measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. Goodwill is considered to have a finite useful life and is amortised on a systematic basis over its expected life, which is five years.

Negative goodwill arising on consolidation in respect of acquisitions is included within fixed assets and is released to the profit and loss account in the periods in which the fair values of the non-monetary assets purchased on the same acquisitions are recovered, whether through depreciation, sale, or otherwise.

For the purposes of impairment testing, goodwill is allocated to the cash-generating units expected to benefit from the acquisition. Cash-generating units to which goodwill has been allocated are tested for impairment at least annually, or more frequently when there is an indication that the unit may be impaired. If the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit is less than the carrying amount of the unit, the impairment loss is allocated first to reduce the carrying amount of any goodwill allocated to the unit and then to the other assets of the unit pro-rata on the basis of the carrying amount of each asset in the unit.

Intangible assets acquired separately from a business are recognised at cost and are subsequently measured at cost less accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses.

Intangible assets acquired on business combinations are recognised separately from goodwill at the acquisition date where it is probable that the expected future economic benefits that are attributable to the asset will flow to the entity and the fair value of the asset can be measured reliably; the intangible asset arises from contractual or other legal rights; and the intangible asset is separable from the entity.

Amortisation is recognised so as to write off the cost or valuation of assets less their residual values over their useful lives on the following bases:

Tangible fixed assets are initially measured at cost and subsequently measured at cost or valuation, net of depreciation and any impairment losses.

Depreciation is recognised so as to write off the cost or valuation of assets less their residual values over their useful lives on the following bases:

Freehold land is not depreciated.

The gain or loss arising on the disposal of an asset is determined as the difference between the sale proceeds and the carrying value of the asset, and is recognised in the profit and loss account.

Equity investments are measured at fair value through profit or loss, except for those equity investments that are not publicly traded and whose fair value cannot otherwise be measured reliably, which are recognised at cost less impairment until a reliable measure of fair value becomes available.

In the parent company financial statements, investments in subsidiaries, associates and jointly controlled entities are initially measured at cost and subsequently measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses.

A subsidiary is an entity controlled by the group. Control is the power to govern the financial and operating policies of the entity so as to obtain benefits from its activities.

At each reporting period end date, the group reviews the carrying amounts of its tangible and intangible assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). Where it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the company estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs.

The carrying amount of the investments accounted for using the equity method is tested for impairment as a single asset. Any goodwill included in the carrying amount of the investment is not tested separately for impairment.

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.

If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash-generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation decrease.

Recognised impairment losses are reversed if, and only if, the reasons for the impairment loss have ceased to apply. Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset (or cash-generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the reversal of the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation increase.

Stocks are stated at the lower of cost and estimated selling price less costs to complete and sell. Cost comprises direct materials and, where applicable, direct labour costs and those overheads that have been incurred in bringing the stocks to their present location and condition.

Stocks held for distribution at no or nominal consideration are measured at the lower of cost and replacement cost, adjusted where applicable for any loss of service potential.

At each reporting date, an assessment is made for impairment. Any excess of the carrying amount of stocks over its estimated selling price less costs to complete and sell is recognised as an impairment loss in profit or loss. Reversals of impairment losses are also recognised in profit or loss.

Cash and cash equivalents are basic financial assets and include cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks, other short-term liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less, and bank overdrafts. Bank overdrafts are shown within borrowings in current liabilities.

The group has elected to apply the provisions of Section 11 ‘Basic Financial Instruments’ and Section 12 ‘Other Financial Instruments Issues’ of FRS 102 to all of its financial instruments.

Financial instruments are recognised in the group's balance sheet when the group becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amounts presented in the financial statements when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Basic financial assets, which include debtors and cash and bank balances, are initially measured at transaction price including transaction costs and are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest method unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the transaction is measured at the present value of the future receipts discounted at a market rate of interest. Financial assets classified as receivable within one year are not amortised.

Financial assets, other than those held at fair value through profit and loss, are assessed for indicators of impairment at each reporting end date.

Financial assets are impaired where there is objective evidence that, as a result of one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the financial asset, the estimated future cash flows have been affected. If an asset is impaired, the impairment loss is the difference between the carrying amount and the present value of the estimated cash flows discounted at the asset’s original effective interest rate. The impairment loss is recognised in profit or loss.

If there is a decrease in the impairment loss arising from an event occurring after the impairment was recognised, the impairment is reversed. The reversal is such that the current carrying amount does not exceed what the carrying amount would have been, had the impairment not previously been recognised. The impairment reversal is recognised in profit or loss.

Financial assets are derecognised only when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire or are settled, or when the group transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to another entity, or if some significant risks and rewards of ownership are retained but control of the asset has transferred to another party that is able to sell the asset in its entirety to an unrelated third party.

Financial liabilities and equity instruments are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into. An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the group after deducting all of its liabilities.

Basic financial liabilities, including creditors, bank loans, loans from fellow group companies and preference shares that are classified as debt, are initially recognised at transaction price unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the debt instrument is measured at the present value of the future payments discounted at a market rate of interest. Financial liabilities classified as payable within one year are not amortised.

Debt instruments are subsequently carried at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method.

Trade creditors are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business from suppliers. Amounts payable are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less. If not, they are presented as non-current liabilities. Trade creditors are recognised initially at transaction price and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

Financial liabilities are derecognised when the group's contractual obligations expire or are discharged or cancelled.

Equity instruments issued by the group are recorded at the proceeds received, net of transaction costs. Dividends payable on equity instruments are recognised as liabilities once they are no longer at the discretion of the group.

The tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax.

The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from net profit as reported in the profit and loss account because it excludes items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and it further excludes items that are never taxable or deductible. The group’s liability for current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting end date.

Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all timing differences and deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that they will be recovered against the reversal of deferred tax liabilities or other future taxable profits. Such assets and liabilities are not recognised if the timing difference arises from goodwill or from the initial recognition of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the tax profit nor the accounting profit.

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting end date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered. Deferred tax is calculated at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period when the liability is settled or the asset is realised. Deferred tax is charged or credited in the profit and loss account, except when it relates to items charged or credited directly to equity, in which case the deferred tax is also dealt with in equity. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if, and only if, there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities and the deferred tax assets and liabilities relate to taxes levied by the same tax authority.

The costs of short-term employee benefits are recognised as a liability and an expense, unless those costs are required to be recognised as part of the cost of stock or fixed assets.

The cost of any unused holiday entitlement is recognised in the period in which the employee’s services are received.

Termination benefits are recognised immediately as an expense when the company is demonstrably committed to terminate the employment of an employee or to provide termination benefits.

Payments to defined contribution retirement benefit schemes are charged as an expense as they fall due.

Leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessees. All other leases are classified as operating leases.

Assets held under finance leases are recognised as assets at the lower of the assets fair value at the date of inception and the present value of the minimum lease payments. The related liability is included in the balance sheet as a finance lease obligation. Lease payments are treated as consisting of capital and interest elements. The interest is charged to profit or loss so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability.

Rentals payable under operating leases, including any lease incentives received, are charged to profit or loss on a straight line basis over the term of the relevant lease except where another more systematic basis is more representative of the time pattern in which economic benefits from the leased asset are consumed.

Subsidiary undertakings exempt from audit

Under Section 479a of the Companies Act 2006 available to subsidiary undertakings, the company provides a guarantee in respect of the below subsidiary undertakings claiming exemption from audit.

Stainless Plating Limited (company registration number - 00216037)

Edger 201 Limited (company registration number - 04486979)

Atlantic Precision Engineering Limited (company registration number - 02448830)

FMT Properties Limited (company registration number - 14847188)

In the application of the group’s accounting policies, the directors are required to make judgements, estimates and assumptions about the carrying amount of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised where the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods where the revision affects both current and future periods.

The following judgements (apart from those involving estimates) have had the most significant effect on amounts recognised in the financial statements.

In applying the company's accounting policies, it is necessary to consider the recoverability of the cost of stock and the associated provisioning required. When calculating any stock provision, management considers the nature and the condition of the stock, as well as applying assumptions around the anticipated utilisation of raw materials and the saleability of finished goods.

The estimates and assumptions which have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets and liabilities are as follows.

In line with the requirements of Section 29 of FRS102, the valuation of freehold properties requires a corresponding deferred tax liability. This is an estimate of the expected tax liability arising on the sale of the company's properties. This is reviewed annually to ensure that it is at the effective tax rate expected at the date of sale.

The average monthly number of persons (including directors) employed by the group and company during the year was:

Their aggregate remuneration comprised:

The actual charge/(credit) for the year can be reconciled to the expected charge for the year based on the profit or loss and the standard rate of tax as follows:

Group

The group has carried forward corporation tax losses arising in one of its subsidiary undertakings amounting to £291,421 (2023: £387,769) that can be relieved against the future years' profits of that subsidiary undertaking.

The net carrying value of tangible fixed assets includes the following in respect of assets held under finance leases or hire purchase contracts.

Company

The additions to fixed asset investments in the current year amounting to £70,445 relate to additional legal fees and stamp duty associated with the company's acquisition of it's subsidiary undertakings, Stainless Plating Limited and Atlantic Precision Engineering Limited in the previous period.

Details of the company's subsidiaries at 31 December 2024 are as follows:

The registered office address of Stainless Plating Limited and FMT Properties Limited are 24 Don Road, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S9 2UB.

The registered office address of Edger 201 Limited and Atlantic Precision Engineering Limited are Units 1-3 Blackbushe Business Park, Aragon Road, Yateley, Hampshire, GU46 6ET.

Group

Included in other creditors falling due within one year are invoice discounting creditors amounting to £364,099 (2023: £681,071) that are secured by a fixed and floating charge over the property and assets of the group.

Included in other creditors due within one year are obligations under hire purchase and finance lease contracts amounting to £93,821 (2023: £138,270) which are secured on the assets concerned.

Group

Included in other creditors falling due after more than one year are obligations under hire purchase and finance lease contracts amounting to £114,642 (2023: £208,464) which are secured on the assets to which they relate to.

Group and company

Group and company

The bank loan is secured by all existing security, if any, held by the bank for the group's liabilities including :

• Limited guarantees by the group companies supported by debentures by the company's subsidiary undertakings;

• a debenture by the borrower;

• a first legal charge over the properties held by the group and its associated assets; and

• all future security which the bank may from time to time hold for the group's liabilities.

The bank loan is repayable in monthly instalments at £17,866.99 over twenty years at a rate equivalent to 2.4% per annum above the bank's base rate.

Finance lease payments represent rentals payable by the company or group for certain items of plant and machinery. Leases include purchase options at the end of the lease period, and no restrictions are placed on the use of the assets. The average lease term is three years. All leases are on a fixed repayment basis and no arrangements have been entered into for contingent rental payments.

The following are the major deferred tax liabilities and assets recognised by the group and company, and movements thereon:

A defined contribution pension scheme is operated for all qualifying employees. The assets of the scheme are held separately from those of the group in an independently administered fund.

Called up share capital represents the nominal value of shares that have been issued.

Profit and loss reserves includes all current period retained profit and losses.

At the reporting end date the group had outstanding commitments for future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases, which fall due as follows:

The remuneration of key management personnel is as follows.

Group

The group has taken advantage of the exemption under the Financial Reporting Standard 102 Section 33.1A from disclosing any transactions with group entities of which the group owns 100% of the share capital.

Included in creditors: amounts falling due within one year are amounts due to the group's parent undertaking, Bushman Properties Limited amounting to £1,835,476 (2023: £1,826,737). These loans are repayable on demand. No interest has been charged on the loan due from FMT Properties Limited to Bushman Properties Limited during the period. Interest at 1.25% amounting to £8,596 was charged in the period on the loan due from Stainless Plating Holdings Limited to Bushman Properties Limited.

During the year, the group made sales to connected companies amounting to £285,452 (2023: £343,417). As at 31 December 2024, the balances owed by connected companies and included in trade debtors amounted to £451,749 (2023: £268,772). During the year, the group made purchases and inter-company recharges from connected companies amounting to £425,257 (2023: £274,198). As at 31 December 2024, the balances due to connected companies and included in trade creditors amounted to £45,329 (2023: £14,426).

During the prior period, Bushman Properties Limited sold the property that it held to one of the group's subsidiary undertakings, FMT Properties Limited for a consideration of £1,200,000. The property had been valued at the above amount, on an open market basis by independent valuers, not connected with the company.

Company

The company has taken advantage of the exemption under the Financial Reporting Standard 102 Section 33.1A from disclosing any transactions with group entities of which the group owns 100% of the share capital.

Included in creditors: amounts falling due within one year are amounts due to the company's parent undertaking, Bushman Properties Limited and its subsidiary undertakings amounting to £1,954,593 (2023: £1,861,381). These loans are repayable on demand and interest at 1.25% amounting to £8,596 was charged on the loan due to its parent undertaking, Bushman Properties Limited. No interest was charge in the loans due to the company's subsidiary undertakings.

Stainless Plating Holdings Limited is a wholly owned subsidiary of Bushman Properties Limited. Bushman Properties Limited is controlled equally by the Wren Settlement Trust and Mr M N K Aldridge.