REGISTERED NUMBER: NI671692 (Northern Ireland)

CURR HOLDINGS LTD

GROUP STRATEGIC REPORT,

REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS AND

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE PERIOD

1 APRIL 2024 TO 6 APRIL 2025

Page

Company Information

1

Group Strategic Report

2

Report of the Directors

4

Report of the Independent Auditors

6

Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income

10

Consolidated Balance Sheet

11

Company Balance Sheet

12

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity

13

Company Statement of Changes in Equity

14

Consolidated Cash Flow Statement

15

Notes to the Consolidated Cash Flow Statement

16

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

17

DIRECTORS:

Gerald McAleer

Conor McAleer

SECRETARY:

Conor McAleer

REGISTERED OFFICE:

90 Curr Road

Curr

Beragh

OMAGH

Co. Tyrone

BT79 0QW

REGISTERED NUMBER:

NI671692 (Northern Ireland)

AUDITORS:

McAleer Jackson Ltd

Chartered Accountants & Statutory Auditors

Church House

24 Dublin Road

OMAGH

Co. Tyrone

BT78 1HE

BANKERS:

Danske Bank

45-48 High Street

Portadown

Co. Armagh

BT62 1LB

The directors present their strategic report of the company and the group for the period 1 April 2024 to 6 April 2025.

REVIEW OF BUSINESS

The results for the period and the financial position at the period end are as set out in the annexed financial statements.

The turnover reported in the financial statements of £12.6m reflects the continued upturn in trading in the construction industry that the group supplies despite the challenging economic conditions.

The directors are satisfied with the results for the period given the circumstances. It is the intention of the directors to continue to develop the current activities of the group and to generate increased turnover and profitability by delivering quality products and service.

At 6 April 2025, the groups net assets were in excess of £8m and cash position in excess of £1.2m. The group continues to maintain strong operating cash flow and the directors are satisfied that it remains resilient in the current economic climate.

PRINCIPAL RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES

The directors have identified the following areas of risk and uncertainty:

Supply chain and logistics:

Not withstanding the impact of the effects of the war in Ukraine, the directors are satisfied that the arrangements they have in place with key suppliers are adequate to mitigate the risk of interrupted supply.

Environmental risk:

The directors recognise the potential environmental risks arising from the groups operations and invest resources to ensure the group maintains all necessary environmental standards and manages the risk effectively.

Health and safety:

The company is committed to achieving the highest practicable standards in health and safety management and strives to make its sites and offices safe environments for employees and customers alike.

FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES

The groups activities expose it to a number of financial risks including commodity price risk, liquidity risk and credit risk.

Commodity price risk:

The group uses materials which are exposed to commodity price risk. The directors take measures to protect against short term fluctuations in price, including measures to pass any fluctuations on to customers.

Credit risk:

The groups principal credit risk is in respect of customer credit arrangements which are managed through strict credit control arrangements and procedures.

Liquidity risk:

The group finances its working capital and investments with its own cash reserves and retains adequate balances to mitigate short and medium term liquidity risk.

Currency risk:

The group actively trades in both sterling and euro. Where possible euro cash inflows and outflows are matched. The directors take an active role in managing the currency exposure remains within acceptable levels.

The directors review and agree policies for managing each of the above risks.

KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS (KPIS)

Given the nature of the business, the groups directors monitor the success of the business on the basis of growth in turnover and on operating profit margins.

Turnover in the period has increased by 5.5% on the basis of a 12 month period despite the challenging economic climate.

ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD:

Conor McAleer - Director

9 October 2025

The directors present their report with the financial statements of the company and the group for the period 1 April 2024 to 6 April 2025.

PRINCIPAL ACTIVITY

The principal activity of the group in the period under review was that of the supply of building materials and property investment.

DIVIDENDS

The total distribution of dividends for the period ended 6 April 2025 will be £359,520 (Year ended 31 March 2024 - £347,392).

FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS

The directors do not foresee any future developments in the forthcoming year outside of normal principal trading activities.

POST BALANCE SHEET EVENTS

There have been no significant events affecting the Company since the period end.

DIRECTORS

The directors shown below have held office during the whole of the period from 1 April 2024 to the date of this report.

Gerald McAleer

Conor McAleer

DIRECTORS' RESPONSIBILITIES STATEMENT

The directors are responsible for preparing the Group Strategic Report, the Report of the Directors and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.

Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the directors have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (United Kingdom Accounting Standards and applicable law). Under company law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the company and the group and of the profit or loss of the group for that period. In preparing these financial statements, the directors are required to:

-	select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;

-	make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent;

-	prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the company will continue in business.

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the company's and the group's transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the company and the group and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the company and the group and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

STATEMENT AS TO DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION TO AUDITORS

So far as the directors are aware, there is no relevant audit information (as defined by Section 418 of the Companies Act 2006) of which the group's auditors are unaware, and each director has taken all the steps that he ought to have taken as a director in order to make himself aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the group's auditors are aware of that information.

AUDITORS

The auditors, McAleer Jackson Ltd, will be proposed for re-appointment at the forthcoming Annual General Meeting.

ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD:

Conor McAleer - Director

9 October 2025

Opinion

We have audited the financial statements of Curr Holdings Ltd (the 'parent company') and its subsidiaries (the 'group') for the period ended 6 April 2025 which comprise the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income, Consolidated Balance Sheet, Company Balance Sheet, Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity, Company Statement of Changes in Equity, Consolidated Cash Flow Statement and Notes to the Consolidated Cash Flow Statement, Notes to the Financial Statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including Financial Reporting Standard 102 'The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland' (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).

In our opinion the financial statements:

-	give a true and fair view of the state of the group's and of the parent company affairs as at 6 April 2025 and of the group's profit for the period then ended;

-	have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and

-	have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.

Basis for opinion

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditors' responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the group in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC's Ethical Standard, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

Conclusions relating to going concern

In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate.

Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the group's and the parent company's ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue.

Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report.

Other information

The directors are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information in the Group Strategic Report and the Report of the Directors, but does not include the financial statements and our Report of the Auditors thereon.

Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.

In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard.

Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit:

-	the information given in the Group Strategic Report and the Report of the Directors for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and

-	the Group Strategic Report and the Report of the Directors have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.

Matters on which we are required to report by exception

In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the group and the parent company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the Group Strategic Report or the Report of the Directors.

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters where the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:

-	adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or

-	the parent company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or

-	certain disclosures of directors' remuneration specified by law are not made; or

-	we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.

Responsibilities of directors

As explained more fully in the Directors' Responsibilities Statement set out on page four, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the group's and the parent company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the group or the parent company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.

Auditors' responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue a Report of the Auditors that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.

Because of the inherent limitations of an audit, there is a risk that we will not detect all irregularities, including those leading to a material misstatement in the financial statements or non-compliance with regulation. This risk increases the more that compliance with a law or regulation is removed from the events and transactions reflected in the financial statements, as we will be less likely to become aware of instances of non-compliance. The risk is also greater regarding irregularities occurring due to fraud rather than error, as fraud involves intentional concealment, forgery, collusion, omission or misrepresentation.

Irregularities, including fraud, are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud.

The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below:

We obtained an understanding of the legal and regulatory framework that the group operates in, focusing on provisions of those laws and regulations that had a direct effect on material amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. The key laws and regulations we considered in this context included the UK Companies Act, pensions and tax legislation, together with provisions of other laws and regulations that do not have a direct effect on the financial statements, but compliance with which may be fundamental to the group's ability to operate or to avoid a material penalty.

We tailored our response to those identified risks to include enquiring of management and external legal advisors concerning actual and potential litigation and claims, performing analytical procedures to identify any unusual or unexpected relationships that may indicate risks of material misstatement due to fraud, and reviewing correspondence with HMRC and other regulatory bodies.

In addressing the risk of fraud through management override of controls, we tested the appropriateness of journal entries and other adjustments, assessed whether the judgements made in making accounting estimates are indicative of a potential bias, and evaluated the business rationale of any significant transactions that are unusual or outside the normal course of business. We apply professional scepticism throughout the audit to consider deliberate omission or concealment of significant transactions, or incomplete/inaccurate disclosures in the financial statements.

In identifying and assessing risks of material misstatement in respect of irregularities, including fraud and non-compliance with laws and regulations, we considered the following:

- the nature of the industry and sector, control environment and business performance including the group's remuneration policies, and performance targets;

- results of our enquiries of management and other key persons about the group's own policies for the identification and assessment of the risks of irregularities, including those that may occur either as a result of fraud or error, and matters we identified from our review of the group's policies, procedures and internal controls; and

- the matters discussed among the audit engagement team regarding potential indicators of fraud and where it might occur in the financial statements;

- design of audit procedures responsive to those risks that incorporate unpredictability around the nature,

timing and extent of our testing.

A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial Reporting Council's website at www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our Report of the Auditors.

Use of our report

This report is made solely to the company's members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company's members those matters we are required to state to them in a Report of the Auditors and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the company's members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.

ARNOLD JACKSON (Senior Statutory Auditor)

for and on behalf of McAleer Jackson Ltd

Chartered Accountants & Statutory Auditors

Church House

24 Dublin Road

OMAGH

Co. Tyrone

BT78 1HE

9 October 2025

TURNOVER

12,610,988

11,760,141

Cost of sales

9,906,476

9,309,424

GROSS PROFIT

2,704,512

2,450,717

Administrative expenses

919,468

952,907

1,785,044

1,497,810

Other operating income

9,995

5

OPERATING PROFIT

4

1,795,039

1,497,815

Interest receivable and similar income

1,874

1,056

PROFIT BEFORE TAXATION

1,796,913

1,498,871

Tax on profit

5

453,412

374,752

PROFIT FOR THE FINANCIAL PERIOD

1,343,501

1,124,119

OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

-

-

TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE PERIOD

1,343,501

1,124,119

Profit attributable to:

Owners of the parent

1,343,501

1,124,119

Total comprehensive income attributable to:

Owners of the parent

1,343,501

1,124,119

FIXED ASSETS

Intangible assets

8

-

-

Tangible assets

9

2,225,995

1,610,114

Investments

10

-

-

2,225,995

1,610,114

CURRENT ASSETS

Stocks

11

3,785,429

3,285,845

Debtors

12

2,581,872

2,394,884

Cash at bank and in hand

1,223,961

1,094,232

7,591,262

6,774,961

CREDITORS

Amounts falling due within one year

13

1,739,281

1,288,804

NET CURRENT ASSETS

5,851,981

5,486,157

TOTAL ASSETS LESS CURRENT LIABILITIES

8,077,976

7,096,271

PROVISIONS FOR LIABILITIES

14

74,140

76,416

NET ASSETS

8,003,836

7,019,855

CAPITAL AND RESERVES

Called up share capital

15

200

200

Retained earnings

16

8,003,636

7,019,655

SHAREHOLDERS' FUNDS

8,003,836

7,019,855

The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors and authorised for issue on 9 October 2025 and were signed on its behalf by:

Gerald McAleer - Director

Conor McAleer - Director

FIXED ASSETS

Intangible assets

8

-

-

Tangible assets

9

1,845,166

1,233,382

Investments

10

200

200

1,845,366

1,233,582

CURRENT ASSETS

Debtors

12

11,050

-

Cash at bank

32,571

801,163

43,621

801,163

CREDITORS

Amounts falling due within one year

13

6,789

5,693

NET CURRENT ASSETS

36,832

795,470

TOTAL ASSETS LESS CURRENT LIABILITIES

1,882,198

2,029,052

CAPITAL AND RESERVES

Called up share capital

15

200

200

Retained earnings

16

1,881,998

2,028,852

SHAREHOLDERS' FUNDS

1,882,198

2,029,052

Company's profit for the financial year

212,666

1,049,109

The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors and authorised for issue on 9 October 2025 and were signed on its behalf by:

Gerald McAleer - Director

Conor McAleer - Director

Called up

share

Retained

Total

capital

earnings

equity

£

£

£

Balance at 1 April 2023

200

6,242,928

6,243,128

Changes in equity

Dividends

-

(347,392

)

(347,392

)

Total comprehensive income

-

1,124,119

1,124,119

Balance at 31 March 2024

200

7,019,655

7,019,855

Changes in equity

Dividends

-

(359,520

)

(359,520

)

Total comprehensive income

-

1,343,501

1,343,501

Balance at 6 April 2025

200

8,003,636

8,003,836

Called up

share

Retained

Total

capital

earnings

equity

£

£

£

Balance at 1 April 2023

200

1,327,135

1,327,335

Changes in equity

Total comprehensive income

-

1,049,109

1,049,109

Dividends

-

(347,392

)

(347,392

)

Balance at 31 March 2024

200

2,028,852

2,029,052

Changes in equity

Total comprehensive income

-

212,666

212,666

Dividends

-

(359,520

)

(359,520

)

Balance at 6 April 2025

200

1,881,998

1,882,198

Cash flows from operating activities

Cash generated from operations

1

1,588,614

1,174,766

Tax paid

(364,166

)

(452,052

)

Net cash from operating activities

1,224,448

722,714

Cash flows from investing activities

Purchase of tangible fixed assets

(756,433

)

(135,415

)

Sale of tangible fixed assets

19,451

1,000

Interest received

1,874

1,056

Net cash from investing activities

(735,108

)

(133,359

)

Cash flows from financing activities

Amount introduced by directors

-

31

Amount withdrawn by directors

(91

)

-

Equity dividends paid

(359,520

)

(347,392

)

Net cash from financing activities

(359,611

)

(347,361

)

Increase in cash and cash equivalents

129,729

241,994

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period

2

1,094,232

852,238

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

2

1,223,961

1,094,232

1.	RECONCILIATION OF PROFIT BEFORE TAXATION TO CASH GENERATED FROM OPERATIONS

Period

1.4.24

to

Year Ended

6.4.25

31.3.24

£

£

Profit before taxation

1,796,913

1,498,871

Depreciation charges

133,153

118,209

Profit on disposal of fixed assets

(12,052

)

(1,000

)

Finance income

(1,874

)

(1,056

)

1,916,140

1,615,024

(Increase)/decrease in stocks

(499,584

)

107,638

Increase in trade and other debtors

(186,988

)

(442,616

)

Increase/(decrease) in trade and other creditors

359,046

(105,280

)

Cash generated from operations

1,588,614

1,174,766

2.	CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

The amounts disclosed on the Cash Flow Statement in respect of cash and cash equivalents are in respect of these Balance Sheet amounts:

Period ended 6 April 2025

6.4.25

1.4.24

£

£

Cash and cash equivalents

1,223,961

1,094,232

Year ended 31 March 2024

31.3.24

1.4.23

£

£

Cash and cash equivalents

1,094,232

852,238

3.	ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN NET FUNDS

At 1.4.24

Cash flow

At 6.4.25

£

£

£

Net cash

Cash at bank and in hand

1,094,232

129,729

1,223,961

1,094,232

129,729

1,223,961

Total

1,094,232

129,729

1,223,961

1.	STATUTORY INFORMATION

Curr Holdings Ltd is a private company, limited by shares , registered in Northern Ireland. The company's registered number and registered office address can be found on the General Information page.

2.	ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of preparing the financial statements

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Financial Reporting Standard 102 "The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland" and the Companies Act 2006. The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention.

The financial statements are shown in sterling, which is the functional currency of the company.

The company has taken advantage of the exemption allowed under section 408 of the Companies Act 2006 and has not presented its own Statement of Comprehensive Income in these financial statements.

The group financial statements consolidate the financial statements of Curr Holdings Ltd and all its subsidiary undertakings drawn up to 6 April.

Basis of consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the Company and its subsidiary undertakings. Intra-group sales and profits are eliminated fully on consolidation.

Critical accounting judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty

Critical accounting judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty

In the application of the group's accounting policies, the directors are required to make judgements, estimates and assumptions about the carrying amount of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources.

The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates. The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised where the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods where the revision affects both current and future periods.

Carrying amount of inventory

When calculating any stock impairment, the directors consider the nature of the condition of the stock, current estimated selling prices as well as applying assumptions around anticipated saleability of stock.

Recoverability of debtors

Estimates are made in respect of the recoverable value of trade and other debtors. When assessing the level of provisions required, factors including current trading experience, historical experience and the aging profile of debtors are considered.

Useful economic lives of tangible assets

The annual depreciation charge for tangible assets is sensitive to changes in the estimated useful economic lives and residual values of the assets. The useful economic lives and residual values are re-assessed annually. They are amended when necessary to reflect current estimates, based on future investments, economic utilisation and the physical conditions of the assets.

Turnover

Turnover is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, excluding discounts, rebates, value added tax and other sales taxes.

Goodwill

Goodwill, being the amount paid in connection with the acquisition of a business, is being amortised evenly over its estimated useful life of ten years.

Intangible assets

Intangible assets are initially measured at cost. After initial recognition, intangible assets are measured at cost less any accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses.

Tangible fixed assets

Land has been included in the Balance Sheet at it's cost value net of any provision for impairment in accordance with Section 17 of FRS and accordingly has not been depreciated.

Tangible fixed assets excluding land are stated at cost or valuation, net of depreciation and any provisions for impairment.

Depreciation is provided at the following annual rates in order to write off each asset over its estimated useful life.

Land - not provided

Buildings - 2% and 5% straight line

Plant and machinery - 15% straight line

Motor vehicles - 25% straight line

Investment in subsidiaries

Investment in subsidiary undertakings are recognised at cost less impairment.

Stocks

Stock is valued at the lower of cost and net realisable value, after making due allowance for obsolete and slow moving items. Cost is defined as the expenditure which has been incurred in the normal course of business in bringing the product to its present location and condition. Net realisable value is the actual or estimated selling price less all further costs to completion and all costs to be incurred in marketing, selling and distributing.

Taxation

Taxation for the period comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity.

Current or deferred taxation assets and liabilities are not discounted.

Current tax is recognised at the amount of tax payable using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date.

Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognised in respect of all timing differences that have originated but not reversed at the balance sheet date.

Timing differences arise from the inclusion of income and expenses in tax assessments in periods different from those in which they are recognised in financial statements. Deferred tax is measured using tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the period end and that are expected to apply to the reversal of the timing difference.

Unrelieved tax losses and other deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that they will be recovered against the reversal of deferred tax liabilities or other future taxable profits.

Foreign currencies

Assets and liabilities in foreign currencies are translated into sterling at the rates of exchange ruling at the balance sheet date. Transactions in foreign currencies are translated into sterling at the rate of exchange ruling at the date of transaction. Exchange differences are taken into account in arriving at the operating result.

Pension costs and other post-retirement benefits

The group operates a defined contribution pension scheme. Contributions payable to the group's pension scheme are charged to profit or loss in the period to which they relate.

Going concern

At the time of approving the financial statements, the directors had reasonable expectation that the group has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future. Thus the directors continue to adopt the going concern basis of preparing the financial statements.

Financial instruments

The group only enters into basic financial instrument transactions that result in the recognition of financial assets and liabilities like trade and other debtors and creditors, loans from banks and other third parties, loans to related parties and investments in non-puttable ordinary shares.

Debt instruments (other than those wholly repayable or receivable within one year), including loans and other accounts receivable and payable, are initially measured at present value of the future cash flows and subsequently at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Debt instruments that are payable or receivable within one year, typically trade debtors and creditors, are measured, initially and subsequently, at the undiscounted amount of the cash or other consideration expected to be paid or received. However, if the arrangements of a short-term instrument constitute a financing transaction, like the payment of a trade debt deferred beyond normal business terms or financed at a rate of interest that is not a market rate or in the case of an out-right short-term loan not at market rate, the financial asset or liability is measured, initially, at the present value of the future cash flow discounted at a market rate of interest for a similar debt instrument and subsequently at amortised cost.

Financial assets that are measured at cost and amortised cost are assessed at the end of each reporting period for objective evidence of impairment. If objective evidence of impairment is found, an impairment loss is recognised in the Statement of Comprehensive income.

For financial assets measured at amortised cost, the impairment loss is measured as the difference between an asset's carrying amount and the present value of estimated cash flows discounted at the asset's original effective interest rate. If a financial asset has a variable interest rate, the discount rate for measuring any impairment loss is the current effective interest rate determined under the contract.

For financial assets measured at cost less impairment, the impairment loss is measured as the difference between an asset's carrying amount and best estimate of the recoverable amount, which is an approximation of the amount that the group would receive for the asset if it were to be sold at the balance sheet date.

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amount reported in the balance sheet when there is an enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Impairment

Assets not measured at fair value are reviewed for any indication that the asset may be impaired at each balance sheet date. If such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset, or the asset's cash generating unit, is estimated and compared to the carrying amount. Where the carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount, an impairment loss is recognised in the Statement of Comprehensive Income unless the asset is carried at a revalued amount where the impairment loss is a revaluation decrease.

Dividends

Equity dividends are recognised when they become legally payable. Interim equity dividends are recognised when paid. Final equity dividends are recognised when approved by the shareholders at an annual general meeting. Dividends on shares recognised as liabilities are recognised as expenses and classified within interest payable.