Investments in Subsidiaries
Investments in subsidiaries are carried at cost less impairment.
Listed Investments
The company holds listed investments as part of its treasury and long-term investment strategy. Listed investments are recognised as financial assets and are measured at fair value through profit or loss in accordance with FRS 102.
Listed investments are initially recognised at their fair value, which is normally the transaction price. Subsequently, they are remeasured at fair value at each reporting date. Fair value is determined using quoted market prices in an active market at the balance sheet date.
Any changes in fair value, whether realised or unrealised, are recognised directly in the profit and loss account in the period in which they arise. Income from listed investments, such as dividends, is recognised in profit or loss when the company’s right to receive payment is established.
Transaction costs related to listed investments are expensed to profit or loss as incurred. Listed investments are derecognised when the contractual rights to the cash flows expire or the asset is sold, with any resulting gain or loss included in profit or loss.