Company registration number 03372015 (England and Wales)
RAINFORD GROUP LIMITED
ANNUAL REPORT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
RAINFORD GROUP LIMITED
COMPANY INFORMATION
Directors
Mr M Waring
ECT SAS
Mr J Fox
Mr C Pollock
Company number
03372015
Registered office
Mill Lane
Rainford Industrial Estate
Rainford
St Helens
Merseyside
WA11 8LS
Auditor
JS. Audit Limited
James House
Stonecross Business Park
Yew Tree Way
Warrington
Cheshire
WA3 3JD
Bankers
Handelsbanken
Liverpool Branch
Exchange Station
Tithebarn Streer
Liverpool
L2 2QP
HSBC UK Bank PLC
Leeds City Branch
33 Park Row
Leeds
LS1 1LD
RAINFORD GROUP LIMITED
CONTENTS
Page
Strategic report
1 - 2
Directors' report
3 - 4
Independent auditor's report
5 - 7
Group statement of comprehensive income
8
Group statement of financial position
9
Company statement of financial position
10
Group statement of changes in equity
11
Company statement of changes in equity
12
Group statement of cash flows
13
Notes to the financial statements
14 - 29
RAINFORD GROUP LIMITED
STRATEGIC REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
- 1 -

The directors present the strategic report for the year ended 31 December 2024.

Principal activities

The principal activities of the group for the year under review were the design and manufacture of enclosures for critical infrastructure operators, systems integrators and global OEM's spanning markets including rail, fixed and mobile networks, road, data centres, defence, water and energy utilities.

Review of the business

The company acts as a holding company for its trading subsidiary, Rainford Solutions Limited.

 

In December 2021 100% of the shares in Rainford Group Limited were acquired by ECT SAS, trading as Telenco, a French company engaged in the provision of electronic systems.

 

The group has reported an operating loss of £369k (2023 - £395k) and after taxation recorded a loss of £537k (2023 - £737k). The business suffered as a result of challenging market conditions during the period, with turnover decreasing by 30% on an annualised basis.

 

Although the business suffered as a result of a market downturn, gross profit as a % of revenue increased significantly on the previous year. This was driven by a full year's benefit of in house painting combined with tighter controls on labour and material usage.

 

The business reduced its overhead costs during the year, which helped mitigate against the losses brought about by the reduction in sales volume.

 

Looking ahead to 2025, the business enters the year with a healthy order book and has a clear strategy to continue to reduce its non-operational overhead base. The business is expected to return to profitability in 2026.

Principal risks and uncertainties

The Board are responsible for continually assessing the risks applicable to the business.

 

The safety of employees, customers, public and property is the priority for all group activities, and our rigorous attention to procedures is fundamental in achieving this goal.

 

Credit risk is mitigated through rigorous credit control procedures.

 

Liquidity risk is facilitated by the use of invoice finance facilities and constant monitoring of cash flow.

 

Other risks including financial constraints, commercial and contractual, are managed internally by holding regular senior managers meetings and directors meetings. We also have external providers of advice to assist the directors in the decision making process.

Employees

The group employs an average of 109 employees and the Board would like to thank them for their hard work and support during challenging times.

 

The group's policy and practice is to encourage and assist the employment, training, career development and promotion of disabled staff.

 

Health, safety and environmental Issues

The group is committed to outstanding performance in health, safety and environmental matters through a policy of training, communication and co-operation applied consistently throughout all operations.

RAINFORD GROUP LIMITED
STRATEGIC REPORT (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
- 2 -
Key performance indicators

Future Developments

The business is well placed to take advantage of the well publicised investment in fibre broadband underway in the UK where our products are already present in significant volume. Developments in mobile telecommunications with 5G and investment in the rail network mean that the business is operating in a fertile market with real growth opportunities over the next 5 to 10 years.

 

As the UK continues to face a cost of living crisis, the group expects to be put under increasing pressure to control costs as inflation remains above the Bank of England target rate.

 

Brexit and the War in Ukraine

The impact of Brexit and the ongoing war in Ukraine on the supply and price of raw materials is continuously monitored. Management remain confident that the business is well placed to fulfil their order commitments despite any challenges it might face.

On behalf of the board

Mr M Waring
Director
22 December 2025
RAINFORD GROUP LIMITED
DIRECTORS' REPORT
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
- 3 -

The directors present their annual report and financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2024.

Results and dividends

The results for the year are set out on page 8.

No ordinary dividends were paid (2023 : £nil). The directors do not recommend payment of a further dividend.

Directors

The directors who held office during the year and up to the date of signature of the financial statements were as follows:

Mr M Waring
ECT SAS
Mr J Fox
Mr C Pollock
Auditor

DSG Audit resigned as the company's auditors on 28 November 2024. JS. Audit Limited were appointed as auditor to the company in succession and in accordance with section 485 of the Companies Act 2006, a resolution proposing that they be re-appointed will be put at a General Meeting.

Statement of directors' responsibilities

The directors are responsible for preparing the Annual Report and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.

 

Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the directors have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (United Kingdom Accounting Standards and applicable law). Under company law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the group and company, and of the profit or loss of the group for that period. In preparing these financial statements, the directors are required to:

 

 

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the group’s and company’s transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the group and company and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the group and company and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

Strategic report

The truegroup has chosen in accordance with Companies Act 2006, s. 414C(11) to set out in the group's strategic report information required by Large and Medium-sized Companies and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2008, Sch. 7 to be contained in the directors' report. It has done so in respect of its principal activities, business review, future developments and the financial risk management, objectives and policies.

Statement of disclosure to auditor

So far as each person who was a director at the date of approving this report is aware, there is no relevant audit information of which the auditor of the company is unaware. Additionally, the directors individually have taken all the necessary steps that they ought to have taken as directors in order to make themselves aware of all relevant audit information and to establish that the auditor of the company is aware of that information.

RAINFORD GROUP LIMITED
DIRECTORS' REPORT (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
- 4 -
Medium-sized companies exemption

This report has been prepared in accordance with the provisions applicable to companies entitled to the medium-sized companies exemption.

On behalf of the board
Mr M Waring
Director
22 December 2025
RAINFORD GROUP LIMITED
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT
TO THE MEMBERS OF RAINFORD GROUP LIMITED
- 5 -
Opinion

We have audited the financial statements of Rainford Group Limited (the 'parent company') and its subsidiaries (the 'group') for the year ended 31 December 2024 which comprise the group statement of comprehensive income, the group statement of financial position, the company statement of financial position, the group statement of changes in equity, the company statement of changes in equity, the group statement of cash flows and notes to the financial statements, including significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including Financial Reporting Standard 102 The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).

In our opinion the financial statements:

Basis for opinion

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the group and parent company in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC’s Ethical Standard, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

Conclusions relating to going concern

In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate.

 

Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the group's and parent company's ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue.

 

Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report.

Other information

The other information comprises the information included in the annual report other than the financial statements and our auditor's report thereon. The directors are responsible for the other information contained within the annual report. Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the course of the audit, or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact.

 

We have nothing to report in this regard.

Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of our audit:

RAINFORD GROUP LIMITED
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT (CONTINUED)
TO THE MEMBERS OF RAINFORD GROUP LIMITED
- 6 -
Matters on which we are required to report by exception

In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the group and the parent company and their environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the strategic report or the directors' report.

 

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters in relation to which the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:

Responsibilities of directors

As explained more fully in the directors' responsibilities statement included within the directors' report, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the group and parent company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the group or parent company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.

Auditor's responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor's report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.

Irregularities including fraud are instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations. We design procedures in line with our responsibilities, outlined above, to detect material misstatements in respect of irregularities, including fraud. The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities including fraud is detailed below.

 

Based on our understanding of the group, parent company and sector, we identified that the principal risks of non-compliance with laws and regulations related to, but were not limited to, the Companies Act 2006, distributable profits legislation, UK tax, employment, pension, health and safety and environmental legislation and we considered the extent to which non-compliance might have a material effect on the financial statements. We also considered those laws and regulations that have a direct impact on the preparation of the financial statements such as UK Financial Reporting Standards and the Companies Act 2006.

 

We evaluated management’s incentives and opportunities for fraudulent manipulation of the financial statements (including the risk of override of controls) and determined that the principal risks were related to management bias in accounting estimates and judgements and the risk of fraud in revenue recognition.

 

Our procedures to respond to risks identified included the following:

 

RAINFORD GROUP LIMITED
INDEPENDENT AUDITOR'S REPORT (CONTINUED)
TO THE MEMBERS OF RAINFORD GROUP LIMITED
- 7 -

 

We also communicated relevant identified laws and regulations and potential fraud risks to all engagement team members and remained alert to any indications of fraud or non-compliance with laws and regulations throughout the audit.

 

There are inherent limitations in our audit procedures described above. The more removed that laws and regulations are from financial transactions, the less likely it is that we would become aware of non-compliance. Auditing standards also limit the audit procedures required to identify non-compliance with laws and regulations to enquiry of the directors and other management and the inspection of regulatory and legal correspondence, if any. Material misstatements that arise due to fraud can be harder to detect than those that arise from error as they may involve deliberate concealment or collusion.

A further description of our responsibilities is available on the Financial Reporting Council’s website at: https://www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our auditor's report.

Use of our report

This report is made solely to the company’s members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company’s members those matters we are required to state to them in an auditor's report and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the company’s members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.

Neil Kelly BA FCA (Senior Statutory Auditor)
For and on behalf of JS. Audit Limited, Statutory Auditor
Chartered Accountants
James House
Stonecross Business Park
Yew Tree Way
Warrington
Cheshire
WA3 3JD
23 December 2025
RAINFORD GROUP LIMITED
GROUP STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
- 8 -
2024
2023
Notes
£
£
Turnover
3
10,167,427
14,524,665
Cost of sales
(6,637,783)
(10,465,382)
Gross profit
3,529,644
4,059,283
Administrative expenses
(4,087,894)
(4,573,665)
Other operating income
189,568
119,703
Operating loss
4
(368,682)
(394,679)
Interest receivable and similar income
7
10,036
-
0
Interest payable and similar expenses
8
(229,843)
(244,813)
Loss before taxation
(588,489)
(639,492)
Tax on loss
9
51,974
(97,061)
Loss for the financial year
(536,515)
(736,553)
There were no other items of comprehensive income in the current year (2023 : £nil).
The loss for the financial year is all attributable to the owners of the parent company.
RAINFORD GROUP LIMITED
GROUP STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION
AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2024
31 December 2024
- 9 -
2024
2023
Notes
£
£
£
£
Fixed assets
Tangible assets
10
2,047,833
2,283,709
Current assets
Stocks
13
1,332,061
1,659,943
Debtors
14
2,490,150
1,871,514
Cash at bank and in hand
304,215
113,188
4,126,426
3,644,645
Creditors: amounts falling due within one year
15
(6,080,018)
(5,050,321)
Net current liabilities
(1,953,592)
(1,405,676)
Total assets less current liabilities
94,241
878,033
Creditors: amounts falling due after more than one year
16
(116,318)
(311,621)
Provisions for liabilities
Deferred tax liability
19
227,961
279,935
(227,961)
(279,935)
Net (liabilities)/assets
(250,038)
286,477
Capital and reserves
Called up share capital
21
42,105
42,105
Capital redemption reserve
23
10,000
10,000
Profit and loss reserves
23
(302,143)
234,372
Total equity
(250,038)
286,477

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the provisions relating to medium-sized groups.

The financial statements were approved by the board of directors and authorised for issue on 22 December 2025 and are signed on its behalf by:
22 December 2025
Mr M Waring
Director
Company registration number 03372015 (England and Wales)
RAINFORD GROUP LIMITED
COMPANY STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION
AS AT 31 DECEMBER 2024
31 December 2024
- 10 -
2024
2023
Notes
£
£
£
£
Fixed assets
Investments
11
1
1
Current assets
Debtors
14
2,254,687
1,000,124
Cash at bank and in hand
71,517
12,739
2,326,204
1,012,863
Creditors: amounts falling due within one year
15
(2,539,226)
(955,867)
Net current (liabilities)/assets
(213,022)
56,996
Net (liabilities)/assets
(213,021)
56,997
Capital and reserves
Called up share capital
21
42,105
42,105
Capital redemption reserve
23
10,000
10,000
Profit and loss reserves
23
(265,126)
4,892
Total equity
(213,021)
56,997

As permitted by s408 Companies Act 2006, the company has not presented its own profit and loss account and related notes. The company's loss and total comprehensive income for the year was £270,018 (2023: £68,882 loss).

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the provisions relating to medium-sized companies.

The financial statements were approved by the board of directors and authorised for issue on 22 December 2025 and are signed on its behalf by:
22 December 2025
Mr M Waring
Director
Company registration number 03372015 (England and Wales)
RAINFORD GROUP LIMITED
GROUP STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
- 11 -
Share capital
Capital redemption reserve
Profit and loss reserves
Total
£
£
£
£
Balance at 1 January 2023
42,105
10,000
970,925
1,023,030
Year ended 31 December 2023:
Loss and total comprehensive income
-
-
(736,553)
(736,553)
Balance at 31 December 2023
42,105
10,000
234,372
286,477
Year ended 31 December 2024:
Loss and total comprehensive income
-
-
(536,515)
(536,515)
Balance at 31 December 2024
42,105
10,000
(302,143)
(250,038)
RAINFORD GROUP LIMITED
COMPANY STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
- 12 -
Share capital
Capital redemption reserve
Profit and loss reserves
Total
£
£
£
£
Balance at 1 January 2023
42,105
10,000
73,775
125,880
Year ended 31 December 2023:
Loss and total comprehensive income for the year
-
-
(68,883)
(68,883)
Balance at 31 December 2023
42,105
10,000
4,892
56,997
Year ended 31 December 2024:
Profit and total comprehensive income
-
-
(270,018)
(270,018)
Balance at 31 December 2024
42,105
10,000
(265,126)
(213,021)
RAINFORD GROUP LIMITED
GROUP STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
- 13 -
2024
2023
Notes
£
£
£
£
Cash flows from operating activities
Cash generated from operations
27
1,185,952
2,330,668
Interest paid
(229,843)
(244,813)
Income taxes refunded
133,424
-
Net cash inflow from operating activities
1,089,533
2,085,855
Investing activities
Purchase of tangible fixed assets
(15,232)
(219,204)
Proceeds from disposal of tangible fixed assets
-
33,943
Interest received
10,036
-
0
Net cash used in investing activities
(5,196)
(185,261)
Financing activities
Repayment of borrowings
(747,668)
(1,767,398)
Payment of finance leases obligations
(145,642)
(185,269)
Net cash used in financing activities
(893,310)
(1,952,667)
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
191,027
(52,073)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
113,188
165,261
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
304,215
113,188
RAINFORD GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
- 14 -
1
Accounting policies
Company information

Rainford Group Limited (“the company”) is a private limited company domiciled and incorporated in England and Wales. The registered office is Mill Lane, Rainford Industrial Estate, Rainford, St Helens, Merseyside, WA11 8LS.

 

The group consists of Rainford Group Limited and all of its subsidiaries.

1.1
Accounting convention

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with FRS 102 “The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland” (“FRS 102”) and the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.

The financial statements are prepared in sterling, which is the functional currency of the company. Monetary amounts in these financial statements are rounded to the nearest £.

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention. The principal accounting policies adopted are set out below.

The company is a qualifying entity for the purposes of FRS 102, being a member of a group where the parent of that group prepares publicly available consolidated financial statements, including this company, which are intended to give a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities, financial position and profit or loss of the group. The company has therefore taken advantage of exemptions from the following disclosure requirements for parent company information presented within the consolidated financial statements:

 

1.2
Business combinations

In the parent company financial statements, the cost of a business combination is the fair value at the acquisition date of the assets given, equity instruments issued and liabilities incurred or assumed, plus costs directly attributable to the business combination. The excess of the cost of a business combination over the fair value of the identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities acquired is recognised as goodwill. The cost of the combination includes the estimated amount of contingent consideration that is probable and can be measured reliably, and is adjusted for changes in contingent consideration after the acquisition date. Provisional fair values recognised for business combinations in previous periods are adjusted retrospectively for final fair values determined in the 12 months following the acquisition date. Investments in subsidiaries, joint ventures and associates are accounted for at cost less impairment.

 

Deferred tax is recognised on differences between the value of assets (other than goodwill) and liabilities recognised in a business combination accounted for using the purchase method and the amounts that can be deducted or assessed for tax, considering the manner in which the carrying amount of the asset or liability is expected to be recovered or settled. The deferred tax recognised is adjusted against goodwill or negative goodwill.

RAINFORD GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
1
Accounting policies
(Continued)
- 15 -
1.3
Basis of consolidation

The consolidated group financial statements consist of the financial statements of the parent company Rainford Group Limited together with all entities controlled by the parent company (its subsidiaries) and the group’s share of its interests in joint ventures and associates.

 

All financial statements are made up to 31 December 2024. Where necessary, adjustments are made to the financial statements of subsidiaries to bring the accounting policies used into line with those used by other members of the group.

 

All intra-group transactions, balances and unrealised gains on transactions between group companies are eliminated on consolidation. Unrealised losses are also eliminated unless the transaction provides evidence of an impairment of the asset transferred.

Subsidiaries are consolidated in the group’s financial statements from the date that control commences until the date that control ceases.

1.4
Going concern

The group reported a post tax loss for the year of £536,515 (2023: £736,553) and has net liabilities of £250,038 (2023: £286,477 net assets) along with net current liabilities of £1,953,592 (2023: £1,405,676) which arise principally due to amounts owed to group undertakings. The parent company has issued a letter of support for a period of twelve months from the date of approval of these financial statements to the company which includes both making funds available if required and confirmation that the parent company, and other subsidiary undertakings, will not seek repayment of amounts due at the statement of financial position date if this would be detrimental to the company.

 

The directors have a reasonable expectation that both the parent company and the group has adequate resources to continue in operational existence for the foreseeable future based on its forecasts. Having considered all of the above factors, the directors continue to adopt the going concern basis of accounting in preparing the financial statements.

1.5
Turnover

Turnover is recognised at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable for goods and services provided in the normal course of business, and is shown net of VAT and other sales related taxes. The fair value of consideration takes into account trade discounts, settlement discounts and volume rebates.

 

Revenue from the sale of goods is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods have passed to the buyer (usually on dispatch of the goods), the amount of revenue can be measured reliably, it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the entity and the costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably.

1.6
Tangible fixed assets

Tangible fixed assets are initially measured at cost and subsequently measured at cost, net of depreciation and any impairment losses.

Depreciation is recognised so as to write off the cost of assets less their residual values over their useful lives on the following bases:

Leasehold improvements
10% on straight line basis
Plant and equipment
10-25% on reducing balance basis and 10% straight line basis
Fixtures and fittings
15-25% on reducing balance
Motor vehicles
16% straight line basis

The gain or loss arising on the disposal of an asset is determined as the difference between the sale proceeds and the carrying value of the asset, and is recognised in the income statement.

RAINFORD GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
1
Accounting policies
(Continued)
- 16 -
1.7
Fixed asset investments

Equity investments are measured at fair value through profit or loss, except for those equity investments that are not publicly traded and whose fair value cannot otherwise be measured reliably, which are recognised at cost less impairment until a reliable measure of fair value becomes available.

 

In the parent company financial statements, investments in subsidiaries are initially measured at cost and subsequently measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses.

A subsidiary is an entity controlled by the group. Control is the power to govern the financial and operating policies of the entity so as to obtain benefits from its activities.

1.8
Impairment of fixed assets

At each reporting period end date, the group reviews the carrying amounts of its tangible assets to determine whether there is any indication that those assets have suffered an impairment loss. If any such indication exists, the recoverable amount of the asset is estimated in order to determine the extent of the impairment loss (if any). Where it is not possible to estimate the recoverable amount of an individual asset, the group estimates the recoverable amount of the cash-generating unit to which the asset belongs.

 

The carrying amount of the investments accounted for using the equity method is tested for impairment as a single asset. Any goodwill included in the carrying amount of the investment is not tested separately for impairment.

Recoverable amount is the higher of fair value less costs to sell and value in use. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset for which the estimates of future cash flows have not been adjusted.

 

If the recoverable amount of an asset (or cash-generating unit) is estimated to be less than its carrying amount, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is reduced to its recoverable amount. An impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation decrease.

Recognised impairment losses are reversed if, and only if, the reasons for the impairment loss have ceased to apply. Where an impairment loss subsequently reverses, the carrying amount of the asset (or cash-generating unit) is increased to the revised estimate of its recoverable amount, but so that the increased carrying amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised for the asset (or cash-generating unit) in prior years. A reversal of an impairment loss is recognised immediately in profit or loss, unless the relevant asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case the reversal of the impairment loss is treated as a revaluation increase.

1.9
Stocks

Stocks are stated at the lower of cost and estimated selling price less costs to complete and sell. Cost comprises direct materials and, where applicable, direct labour costs and those overheads that have been incurred in bringing the stocks to their present location and condition.

 

Work in progress and finished goods are valued at cost plus an appropriate proportion of fixed and variable overheads. Provision is made for any foreseeable losses where appropriate. No element of profit is included in the valuation of work in progress or finished goods.

1.10
Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents are basic financial assets and include cash in hand, deposits held at call with banks, other short-term liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less, and bank overdrafts. Bank overdrafts are shown within borrowings in current liabilities.

RAINFORD GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
1
Accounting policies
(Continued)
- 17 -
1.11
Financial instruments

The group has elected to apply the provisions of Section 11 ‘Basic Financial Instruments’ and Section 12 ‘Other Financial Instruments Issues’ of FRS 102 to all of its financial instruments.

 

Financial instruments are recognised in the group's statement of financial position when the group becomes party to the contractual provisions of the instrument.

 

Financial assets and liabilities are offset and the net amounts presented in the financial statements when there is a legally enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously.

Basic financial assets

Basic financial assets, which include debtors and cash and bank balances, are initially measured at transaction price including transaction costs and are subsequently carried at amortised cost using the effective interest method unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the transaction is measured at the present value of the future receipts discounted at a market rate of interest. Financial assets classified as receivable within one year are not amortised.

Impairment of financial assets

Financial assets, other than those held at fair value through profit and loss, are assessed for indicators of impairment at each reporting end date.

 

Financial assets are impaired where there is objective evidence that, as a result of one or more events that occurred after the initial recognition of the financial asset, the estimated future cash flows have been affected. If an asset is impaired, the impairment loss is the difference between the carrying amount and the present value of the estimated cash flows discounted at the asset’s original effective interest rate. The impairment loss is recognised in profit or loss.

 

If there is a decrease in the impairment loss arising from an event occurring after the impairment was recognised, the impairment is reversed. The reversal is such that the current carrying amount does not exceed what the carrying amount would have been, had the impairment not previously been recognised. The impairment reversal is recognised in profit or loss.

Derecognition of financial assets

Financial assets are derecognised only when the contractual rights to the cash flows from the asset expire or are settled, or when the group transfers the financial asset and substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to another entity, or if some significant risks and rewards of ownership are retained but control of the asset has transferred to another party that is able to sell the asset in its entirety to an unrelated third party.

Classification of financial liabilities

Financial liabilities and equity instruments are classified according to the substance of the contractual arrangements entered into. An equity instrument is any contract that evidences a residual interest in the assets of the group after deducting all of its liabilities.

RAINFORD GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
1
Accounting policies
(Continued)
- 18 -
Basic financial liabilities

Basic financial liabilities, including creditors, bank loans and loans from fellow group companies are initially recognised at transaction price unless the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, where the debt instrument is measured at the present value of the future payments discounted at a market rate of interest. Financial liabilities classified as payable within one year are not amortised.

 

Debt instruments are subsequently carried at amortised cost, using the effective interest rate method.

 

Trade creditors are obligations to pay for goods or services that have been acquired in the ordinary course of business from suppliers. Amounts payable are classified as current liabilities if payment is due within one year or less. If not, they are presented as non-current liabilities. Trade creditors are recognised initially at transaction price and subsequently measured at amortised cost using the effective interest method.

Derecognition of financial liabilities

Financial liabilities are derecognised when the group's contractual obligations expire or are discharged or cancelled.

1.12
Equity instruments

Equity instruments issued by the group are recorded at the proceeds received, net of transaction costs. Dividends payable on equity instruments are recognised as liabilities once they are no longer at the discretion of the group.

1.13
Taxation

The tax expense represents the sum of the tax currently payable and deferred tax.

Current tax

The tax currently payable is based on taxable profit for the year. Taxable profit differs from net profit as reported in the income statement because it excludes items of income or expense that are taxable or deductible in other years and it further excludes items that are never taxable or deductible. The group’s liability for current tax is calculated using tax rates that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting end date.

Deferred tax

Deferred tax liabilities are generally recognised for all timing differences and deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that they will be recovered against the reversal of deferred tax liabilities or other future taxable profits. Such assets and liabilities are not recognised if the timing difference arises from goodwill or from the initial recognition of other assets and liabilities in a transaction that affects neither the tax profit nor the accounting profit.

 

The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting end date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow all or part of the asset to be recovered. Deferred tax is calculated at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period when the liability is settled or the asset is realised. Deferred tax is charged or credited in the income statement, except when it relates to items charged or credited directly to equity, in which case the deferred tax is also dealt with in equity. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are offset if, and only if, there is a legally enforceable right to offset current tax assets and liabilities and the deferred tax assets and liabilities relate to taxes levied by the same tax authority.

RAINFORD GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
1
Accounting policies
(Continued)
- 19 -
1.14
Employee benefits

The costs of short-term employee benefits are recognised as a liability and an expense, unless those costs are required to be recognised as part of the cost of stock or fixed assets.

 

The cost of any unused holiday entitlement is recognised in the period in which the employee’s services are received.

 

Termination benefits are recognised immediately as an expense when the group is demonstrably committed to terminate the employment of an employee or to provide termination benefits.

1.15
Retirement benefits

Payments to defined contribution retirement benefit schemes are charged as an expense as they fall due.

1.16
Leases

Leases are classified as finance leases whenever the terms of the lease transfer substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership to the lessees. All other leases are classified as operating leases.

 

Assets held under finance leases are recognised as assets at the lower of the assets fair value at the date of inception and the present value of the minimum lease payments. The related liability is included in the statement of financial position as a finance lease obligation. Lease payments are treated as consisting of capital and interest elements. The interest is charged to profit or loss so as to produce a constant periodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability.

Rentals payable under operating leases, including any lease incentives received, are charged to profit or loss on a straight line basis over the term of the relevant lease except where another more systematic basis is more representative of the time pattern in which economic benefits from the leased asset are consumed.

1.17
Foreign exchange

Transactions in currencies other than pounds sterling are recorded at the rates of exchange prevailing at the dates of the transactions. At each reporting end date, monetary assets and liabilities that are denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the rates prevailing on the reporting end date. Gains and losses arising on translation in the period are included in profit or loss.

2
Judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty

In the application of the group’s accounting policies, the directors are required to make judgements, estimates and assumptions about the carrying amount of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. The estimates and associated assumptions are based on historical experience and other factors that are considered to be relevant. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

 

The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised where the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods where the revision affects both current and future periods.

RAINFORD GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
2
Judgements and key sources of estimation uncertainty
(Continued)
- 20 -
Key sources of estimation uncertainty

The estimates and assumptions which have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amount of assets and liabilities are as follows.

Work in progress and finished goods

Labour rates have been estimated by experienced management in arriving at the valuation of work in progress and finished goods. This has been reflected in the financial statements in Note 13.

Useful economic lives

The group depreciates tangible assets over their estimated useful lives. In determining appropriate useful lives of assets, the directors have considered historic performance as well as future expectations for factors such as expected usage of the asset, physical wear and tear, technical and commercial obsolescence and legal limitations of the usage of the asset, such as lease terms. The actual lives of these assets can vary depending on a variety of factors, including the technological innovation, product life cycles and maintenance programmes.

 

Judgement is applied to determine the residual values for tangible assets. When determining the residual values, the directors have assessed the amount that the group would currently obtain for the disposal of the asset, if it were already of the conditions expected at the end of its useful economic life. At each reporting date, the directors have also assessed whether there have been any indicators, such as a change in how the asset is used, significant unexpected wear and tear and changes in market prices, which suggest previous estimates may differ from current expectations. Where this is the case, the residual value and/or useful life is amended and accounted for on a prospective basis.

Recoverability of receivables

The group establishes a provision for receivables that are estimated not to be recoverable. When assessing recoverability the directors consider factors such as the ageing of the receivables, past experience of recoverability and the credit profile of individual or groups of customers.

Provision for obselete and slow moving stock

Management have used their skill and expertise to identify stock items which are considered obsolete and of having no value. A provision has been made for these in the financial statements.

 

 

3
Turnover and other revenue
2024
2023
£
£
Turnover analysed by geographical market
United Kingdom
9,341,247
13,455,199
Europe
338,187
1,015,828
Rest of the world
487,993
53,638
10,167,427
14,524,665
2024
2023
£
£
Other revenue
Recharges to group undertakings
122,963
-
Other operating income
66,605
119,703
RAINFORD GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
- 21 -
4
Operating loss
2024
2023
£
£
Operating loss for the year is stated after charging:
Exchange losses
443
2,056
Fees payable to the group's auditor for the audit of the group's financial statements
23,000
23,000
Depreciation of owned tangible fixed assets
214,734
125,369
Depreciation of tangible fixed assets held under finance leases
36,374
148,745
(Profit)/loss on disposal of tangible fixed assets
-
4,482
Operating lease charges
479,844
400,628
5
Employees

The average monthly number of persons (including directors) employed by the group and company during the year was:

Group
Company
2024
2023
2024
2023
Number
Number
Number
Number
Administration
34
47
2
5
Production
75
113
-
-
Total
109
160
2
5

Their aggregate remuneration comprised:

Group
Company
2024
2023
2024
2023
£
£
£
£
Wages and salaries
3,824,255
5,090,497
144,760
257,194
Social security costs
364,192
506,910
12,432
15,910
Pension costs
87,937
129,103
3,973
17,035
4,276,384
5,726,510
161,165
290,139
6
Directors' remuneration
2024
2023
£
£
Remuneration for qualifying services
271,215
266,082
Company pension contributions to defined contribution schemes
12,595
12,041
283,810
278,123
RAINFORD GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
6
Directors' remuneration
(Continued)
- 22 -
The number of directors for whom retirement benefits are accruing under defined contribution schemes amounted to 2 (2023: 2)
Remuneration disclosed above includes the following amounts paid to the highest paid director:
2024
2023
£
£
Remuneration for qualifying services
138,248
141,700
Company pension contributions to defined contribution schemes
6,695
6,541
7
Interest receivable and similar income
2024
2023
£
£
Interest income
Interest receivable from group companies
10,036
-
0
8
Interest payable and similar expenses
2024
2023
£
£
Interest on bank overdrafts and loans
252
112
Interest payable to group undertakings
71,857
-
0
Interest on invoice finance arrangements
90,216
171,851
Other interest on financial liabilities
36,332
40,448
Interest on finance leases and hire purchase contracts
31,186
32,402
Total finance costs
229,843
244,813
9
Taxation
2024
2023
£
£
Deferred tax
Origination and reversal of timing differences
(52,185)
97,061
Adjustment in respect of prior periods
211
-
0
Total deferred tax
(51,974)
97,061
RAINFORD GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
9
Taxation
(Continued)
- 23 -

The actual (credit)/charge for the year can be reconciled to the expected credit for the year based on the profit or loss and the standard rate of tax as follows:

2024
2023
£
£
Loss before taxation
(588,489)
(639,492)
Expected tax credit based on the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK of 25.00% (2023: 25.00%)
(147,122)
(159,873)
Tax effect of expenses that are not deductible in determining taxable profit
1,025
14,432
Change in unrecognised deferred tax assets
93,912
1,025
Adjustments in respect of prior years
211
-
0
Effect of change in corporation tax rate
-
126,753
Group relief
-
0
114,724
Taxation (credit)/charge
(51,974)
97,061

The group has available tax losses carried forward at 31 December 2024 of £1,486,511 which have not been recognised as a deferred tax asset of £371,628 (calculated at current tax rates of 25%) as there is insufficient certainty around the timing of their utilisation.

10
Tangible fixed assets
Group
Leasehold improvements
Plant and equipment
Fixtures and fittings
Motor vehicles
Total
£
£
£
£
£
Cost
At 1 January 2024
91,216
3,888,783
291,566
95,787
4,367,352
Additions
2,780
11,393
1,059
-
0
15,232
At 31 December 2024
93,996
3,900,176
292,625
95,787
4,382,584
Depreciation and impairment
At 1 January 2024
24,577
1,827,763
201,127
30,176
2,083,643
Depreciation charged in the year
9,235
212,445
19,531
9,897
251,108
At 31 December 2024
33,812
2,040,208
220,658
40,073
2,334,751
Carrying amount
At 31 December 2024
60,184
1,859,968
71,967
55,714
2,047,833
At 31 December 2023
66,639
2,061,020
90,439
65,611
2,283,709
The company had no tangible fixed assets at 31 December 2024 or 31 December 2023.
RAINFORD GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
- 24 -
11
Fixed asset investments
Group
Company
2024
2023
2024
2023
Notes
£
£
£
£
Investments in subsidiaries
12
-
0
-
0
1
1
Movements in fixed asset investments
Company
Shares in subsidiaries
£
Cost or valuation
At 1 January 2024 and 31 December 2024
1
Carrying amount
At 31 December 2024
1
At 31 December 2023
1
12
Subsidiaries

Details of the company's subsidiaries at 31 December 2024 are as follows:

Name of undertaking
Registered office
Nature of business
Class of
% Held
shares held
Direct
Rainford Solutions Limited
United Kingdom
Manufacture of electronic equipment and systems
Ordinary
100.00
13
Stocks
Group
Company
2024
2023
2024
2023
£
£
£
£
Raw materials and consumables
1,205,829
1,482,508
-
-
Work in progress
117,815
87,476
-
-
Finished goods and goods for resale
8,417
89,959
-
0
-
0
1,332,061
1,659,943
-
-
RAINFORD GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
- 25 -
14
Debtors
Group
Company
2024
2023
2024
2023
Amounts falling due within one year:
£
£
£
£
Trade debtors
2,160,146
1,549,231
-
0
-
0
Corporation tax recoverable
-
0
133,424
-
0
-
0
Amounts owed by group undertakings
7,056
47,687
2,246,601
998,665
Other debtors
140,943
1,459
-
0
1,459
Prepayments and accrued income
182,005
139,713
8,086
-
0
2,490,150
1,871,514
2,254,687
1,000,124

Amounts owed by group undertakings are unsecured, interest bearing, and repayable on demand.

 

Other debtors comprise £140,943 (2013: £nil) in respect of an invoice discounting facility. See note 17 for further details on security.

15
Creditors: amounts falling due within one year
Group
Company
2024
2023
2024
2023
Notes
£
£
£
£
Obligations under finance leases
18
158,296
145,653
-
0
-
0
Other borrowings
17
37,018
747,668
-
0
-
0
Trade creditors
919,976
1,449,809
-
0
10,915
Amounts owed to group undertakings
4,273,744
2,107,791
2,531,348
750,000
Other taxation and social security
301,181
247,325
-
118,560
Other creditors
100
60,235
100
60,235
Accruals and deferred income
389,703
291,840
7,778
16,157
6,080,018
5,050,321
2,539,226
955,867

Amounts owed by group undertakings are unsecured, interest bearing, and repayable on demand.

16
Creditors: amounts falling due after more than one year
Group
Company
2024
2023
2024
2023
Notes
£
£
£
£
Obligations under finance leases
18
116,318
274,603
-
0
-
0
Other borrowings
17
-
0
37,018
-
0
-
0
116,318
311,621
-
-
RAINFORD GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
- 26 -
17
Loans and overdrafts
Group
Company
2024
2023
2024
2023
£
£
£
£
Other borrowings
37,018
784,686
-
0
-
0
Payable within one year
37,018
747,668
-
0
-
0
Payable after one year
-
0
37,018
-
0
-
0

Other borrowings represent a Coronavirus Business Interruption Loan Scheme (CBILS) loan of £37,018 (2023: £105,696) and an invoice finance facility of £nil (2023: £678,990).

 

The CBILS loan is a UK government backed loan scheme, whereby the government provides a limited guarantee to the bank for up to 80% of the loan value. The loan is repayable in 60 instalments commencing 12 months after the draw down date. The interest is 10.10% per annum. The interest cost for the first 12 months of the term of the loan was met by the UK government.

 

The invoice finance facility is secured by fixed and floating charges over all the assets of the company.

18
Finance lease obligations
Group
Company
2024
2023
2024
2023
£
£
£
£
Future minimum lease payments due under finance leases:
Within one year
158,296
145,653
-
0
-
0
In two to five years
116,318
274,603
-
0
-
0
274,614
420,256
-
-

The finance lease obligations are secured on the fixed assets concerned.

19
Deferred taxation

The following are the major deferred tax liabilities and assets recognised by the group and company, and movements thereon:

Liabilities
Liabilities
2024
2023
Group
£
£
Accelerated capital allowances
227,961
279,935
The company has no deferred tax assets or liabilities.
RAINFORD GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
19
Deferred taxation
(Continued)
- 27 -
Group
Company
2024
2024
Movements in the year:
£
£
Liability at 1 January 2024
279,935
-
Credit to profit or loss
(51,974)
-
Liability at 31 December 2024
227,961
-

The deferred tax liability set out above is expected to reverse within 4 years and relates to accelerated capital allowances that are expected to mature within the same period.

20
Retirement benefit schemes
2024
2023
Defined contribution schemes
£
£
Charge to profit or loss in respect of defined contribution schemes
87,937
129,103

A defined contribution pension scheme is operated for all qualifying employees. The assets of the scheme are held separately from those of the group in an independently administered fund.

 

As at 31 December 2024 there were contributions of £2,741 (2023: £nil) outstanding.

21
Share capital
Group and company
2024
2023
2024
2023
Ordinary share capital
Number
Number
£
£
Issued and fully paid
Ordinary shares of £1 each
42,105
42,105
42,105
42,105
22
Contingent Liabilities

In March 2023 HMRC issued notices of determination relating to underpaid national insurance contributions of £135,000 and income tax of £358,000.

 

The accounts of the group include a national insurance provision of £132,000 in respect of this liability but no further amounts have been accrued on the basis that the income tax liability should be recoverable from a third party in the event that it is due.

23
Reserves
Capital redemption reserve

Represents the nominal value of shares repurchased by the company.

Profit and loss reserves

Represents cumulative profits and losses net of distributions to shareholders.

RAINFORD GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
- 28 -
24
Operating lease commitments
Lessee

At the reporting end date the group had outstanding commitments for future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases, which fall due as follows:

Group
Company
2024
2023
2024
2023
£
£
£
£
Within one year
320,544
318,558
-
-
Between two and five years
291,388
621,859
-
-
611,932
940,417
-
-
25
Related party transactions

The Group has taken advantage of the exemption under the terms of the Financial Reporting Standard 102 'The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic or Ireland', not to disclose related party transactions with wholly owned subsidiaries within the group.

 

Transactions between group entities which have been eliminated on consolidation are not disclosed within the financial statements.

26
Controlling party

The ultimate parent company is ECT SAS, a company registered in France. The company registered office and place of business is 520 Rue Barjon, ZA Valmorge, 38430, Moirans, France.

 

This is the smallest and largest group into which the results are consolidated. Copies of the group accounts are available from its registered office 520 Rue Barjon, ZA Valmorge, 38430, Moirans, France.

 

The ultimate controlling party is ECT SAS.

RAINFORD GROUP LIMITED
NOTES TO THE GROUP FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (CONTINUED)
FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024
- 29 -
27
Cash generated from group operations
2024
2023
£
£
Loss after taxation
(536,515)
(736,553)
Adjustments for:
Taxation (credited)/charged
(51,974)
97,061
Finance costs
229,843
244,813
Investment income
(10,036)
-
0
(Gain)/loss on disposal of tangible fixed assets
-
4,482
Depreciation and impairment of tangible fixed assets
251,108
274,114
Movements in working capital:
Decrease/(increase) in stocks
327,882
(15,442)
(Increase)/decrease in debtors
(752,060)
1,933,962
Increase in creditors
1,727,704
528,231
Cash generated from operations
1,185,952
2,330,668
28
Analysis of changes in net debt - group
1 January 2024
Cash flows
31 December 2024
£
£
£
Cash at bank and in hand
113,188
191,027
304,215
Borrowings excluding overdrafts
(784,686)
747,668
(37,018)
Obligations under finance leases
(420,256)
145,642
(274,614)
(1,091,754)
1,084,337
(7,417)
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