REGISTERED NUMBER: 11216279 (England and Wales)

TURNER GROUP HOLDINGS LIMITED

GROUP STRATEGIC REPORT,

REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS AND

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2024

Page

Company Information

1

Group Strategic Report

2

Report of the Directors

3

Report of the Independent Auditors

4

Consolidated Income Statement

8

Consolidated Other Comprehensive Income

9

Consolidated Balance Sheet

10

Company Balance Sheet

11

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity

12

Company Statement of Changes in Equity

13

Consolidated Cash Flow Statement

14

Notes to the Consolidated Cash Flow Statement

15

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

16

DIRECTORS:

Mrs R H Rodd

A L Turner

J A E Turner

Mrs C A Turner

REGISTERED OFFICE:

The Mill Industrial Park

Kings Coughton

Alcester

Warwickshire

B49 5QG

REGISTERED NUMBER:

11216279 (England and Wales)

SENIOR STATUTORY AUDITOR:

Richard James Beresford FCCA

AUDITORS:

Charles Lovell & Co Limited

Chartered Certified Accountants

and Statutory Auditors

8 Church Green East

Redditch

Worcestershire

B98 8BP

The directors present their strategic report of the company and the group for the year ended 31 December 2024.

REVIEW OF BUSINESS

The challenges of the preceding 3 years to this period have continued to have a significant affect on the overall business. The combination of interest rate rises, ongoing supply chain disruption, labour skill shortages and over capacity in the market resulted in a further 6.8% reduction in sales from 2024. This further reduction was partially due to a significant reduction in sales to France despite an increase in sale in both the UK and German markets. The 2 new products introduced in the previous period have not gained traction and have therefore not provided the expected increase in sales. That said the improvement in the home market, particularly towards the end of the period was encouraging, this was partially achieved by changing to a direct route to market in parts of the UK. The overall losses have been controlled into 2025 with a significant improvement margins across the product range achieved with an increase in net pricing and close management of BOM costs.

PRINCIPAL RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES

Trading conditions remain difficult with significant competition from the other 2 UK manufactures and reduced overall demand the more direct route to market is having a significant impact on our UK sales; this is achieving both an overall increase in volume and margin. This improvement is expected to continue.

ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD:

A L Turner - Director

23 December 2025

The directors present their report with the financial statements of the company and the group for the year ended 31 December 2024.

PRINCIPAL ACTIVITY

The principal activity of the group in the year under review was that of a holding company.

DIVIDENDS

No dividends will be distributed for the year ended 31 December 2024.

DIRECTORS

The directors shown below have held office during the whole of the period from 1 January 2024 to the date of this report.

Mrs R H Rodd

A L Turner

J A E Turner

Mrs C A Turner

STATEMENT OF DIRECTORS' RESPONSIBILITIES

The directors are responsible for preparing the Group Strategic Report, the Report of the Directors and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations.

Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the directors have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (United Kingdom Accounting Standards and applicable law). Under company law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the company and the group and of the profit or loss of the group for that period. In preparing these financial statements, the directors are required to:

-	select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently;

-	make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent;

-	prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the company will continue in business.

The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the company's and the group's transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the company and the group and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the company and the group and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities.

STATEMENT AS TO DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION TO AUDITORS

So far as the directors are aware, there is no relevant audit information (as defined by Section 418 of the Companies Act 2006) of which the group's auditors are unaware, and each director has taken all the steps that he or she ought to have taken as a director in order to make himself or herself aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the group's auditors are aware of that information.

AUDITORS

The auditors, Charles Lovell & Co Limited, will be proposed for re-appointment at the forthcoming Annual General Meeting.

ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD:

A L Turner - Director

23 December 2025

Opinion

We have audited the financial statements of Turner Group Holdings Limited (the 'parent company') and its subsidiaries (the 'group') for the year ended 31 December 2024 which comprise the Consolidated Income Statement, Consolidated Other Comprehensive Income, Consolidated Balance Sheet, Company Balance Sheet, Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity, Company Statement of Changes in Equity, Consolidated Cash Flow Statement and Notes to the Consolidated Cash Flow Statement, Notes to the Financial Statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including Financial Reporting Standard 102 'The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland' (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice).

In our opinion the financial statements:

-	give a true and fair view of the state of the group's and of the parent company affairs as at 31 December 2024 and of the group's loss for the year then ended;

-	have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and

-	have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006.

Basis for opinion

We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditors' responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the group in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC's Ethical Standard, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.

Conclusions relating to going concern

In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate.

Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the group's and the parent company's ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue.

Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report.

Other information

The directors are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information in the Group Strategic Report and the Report of the Directors, but does not include the financial statements and our Report of the Auditors thereon.

Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.

In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard.

Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006

In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit:

-	the information given in the Group Strategic Report and the Report of the Directors for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and

-	the Group Strategic Report and the Report of the Directors have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements.

Matters on which we are required to report by exception

In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the group and the parent company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the Group Strategic Report or the Report of the Directors.

We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters where the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion:

-	adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or

-	the parent company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or

-	certain disclosures of directors' remuneration specified by law are not made; or

-	we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.

Responsibilities of directors

As explained more fully in the Statement of Directors' Responsibilities set out on page three, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the group's and the parent company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the group or the parent company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.

Auditors' responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements

Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue a Report of the Auditors that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.

The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below:

The objectives of our audit are to identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements due to fraud or error; to obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the assessed risks of material misstatement due to fraud and error; and to respond appropriately to those risks. Owing to the inherent limitations of an audit, there is an unavoidable risk that material misstatement in the financial statements may not be detected, even though the audit is properly planned and performed in accordance with the ISAs (UK).

In identifying and assessing risks of material misstatement in respect of irregularities, including fraud and non-compliance with laws and regulations, our procedures included the following:

- We obtained an understanding of the legal and regulatory frameworks applicable to the Company and the nature of the industry and the sector in which they operate. We determined that the following laws and regulations were most significant; the Companies Act 2006, the UK Corporate Governance Code and UK corporate taxation laws.

- We obtained an understanding of how the Company are complying with those legal and regulatory frameworks by making inquiries with the management of the Company and the Group's audit department.

- We assessed the susceptibility of the Company's financial statements to material misstatement, including how fraud might occur. Audit procedures performed by the Audit engagement team included:

- identifying and assessing the design effectiveness of controls that management has in place to

prevent and detect fraud.

- Understanding how those charged with governance considered and addressed the potential for

override of controls or other inappropriate influence over the financial reporting process.

- challenging assumptions and judgements made by management in its significant accounting

estimates.

- identifying and testing journal enteries and performing analytical procedures to identify any unusual

or unexpected relationships that may indicate risks of material misstatement due to fraud.

- assessing the extent of compliance with the relevant laws and regulations.

- We also communicated relevant identified laws and regulations and potential fraud risk to all engagement team members and remained alert to any indications of fraud or non-compliance with laws and regulations throughout the audit.

A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial Reporting Council's website at www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our Report of the Auditors.

Use of our report

This report is made solely to the company's members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company's members those matters we are required to state to them in a Report of the Auditors and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the company's members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed.

Richard James Beresford FCCA (Senior Statutory Auditor)

for and on behalf of Charles Lovell & Co Limited

Chartered Certified Accountants

and Statutory Auditors

8 Church Green East

Redditch

Worcestershire

B98 8BP

23 December 2025

TURNOVER

11,022,857

11,253,514

Cost of sales

5,887,082

5,783,844

GROSS PROFIT

5,135,775

5,469,670

Distribution costs

623,349

635,106

Administrative expenses

5,043,321

5,084,608

5,666,670

5,719,714

(530,895

)

(250,044

)

Other operating income

3

12,760

15,742

OPERATING LOSS

5

(518,135

)

(234,302

)

Interest receivable and similar income

16,154

1,460

(501,981

)

(232,842

)

Interest payable and similar expenses

6

84,172

95,459

LOSS BEFORE TAXATION

(586,153

)

(328,301

)

Tax on loss

7

(99,573

)

(61,160

)

LOSS FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR

(486,580

)

(267,141

)

Loss attributable to:

Owners of the parent

(486,580

)

(267,141

)

LOSS FOR THE YEAR

(486,580

)

(267,141

)

OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

-

-

TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEAR

(486,580

)

(267,141

)

Total comprehensive income attributable to:

Owners of the parent

(495,770

)

(276,331

)

Non-controlling interests

9,190

9,190

(486,580

)

(267,141

)

FIXED ASSETS

Intangible assets

9

2,449,662

2,449,662

Tangible assets

10

5,926,966

6,083,795

Investments

11

-

-

8,376,628

8,533,457

CURRENT ASSETS

Stocks

12

2,499,199

2,642,325

Debtors

13

1,926,971

1,984,615

Cash at bank and in hand

1,605,536

2,049,561

6,031,706

6,676,501

CREDITORS

Amounts falling due within one year

14

1,989,464

1,883,392

NET CURRENT ASSETS

4,042,242

4,793,109

TOTAL ASSETS LESS CURRENT LIABILITIES

12,418,870

13,326,566

CREDITORS

Amounts falling due after more than one year

15

(885,265

)

(1,202,536

)

PROVISIONS FOR LIABILITIES

19

(255,868

)

(359,713

)

NET ASSETS

11,277,737

11,764,317

CAPITAL AND RESERVES

Called up share capital

20

13,173,750

13,173,750

Retained earnings

21

(1,905,203

)

(1,418,623

)

SHAREHOLDERS' FUNDS

11,268,547

11,755,127

NON-CONTROLLING INTERESTS

22

9,190

9,190

TOTAL EQUITY

11,277,737

11,764,317

The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors and authorised for issue on 23 December 2025 and were signed on its behalf by:

J A E Turner - Director

FIXED ASSETS

Intangible assets

9

-

-

Tangible assets

10

-

-

Investments

11

10,168,778

10,168,778

10,168,778

10,168,778

CURRENT ASSETS

Debtors

13

91,705

91,705

Cash at bank

2,512

2,543

94,217

94,248

CREDITORS

Amounts falling due within one year

14

94,290

94,290

NET CURRENT LIABILITIES

(73

)

(42

)

TOTAL ASSETS LESS CURRENT LIABILITIES

10,168,705

10,168,736

CAPITAL AND RESERVES

Called up share capital

20

13,173,750

13,173,750

Retained earnings

(3,005,045

)

(3,005,014

)

SHAREHOLDERS' FUNDS

10,168,705

10,168,736

Company's loss for the financial year

(31

)

(100

)

The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the provisions applicable to companies subject to the small companies regime.

The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors and authorised for issue on 19 December 2025 and were signed on its behalf by:

J A E Turner - Director

Called up

share

Retained

Non-controlling

Total

capital

earnings

Total

interests

equity

£

£

£

£

£

Balance at 1 January 2023

13,173,750

(1,151,482

)

12,022,268

-

12,022,268

Changes in equity

Total comprehensive income

-

(267,141

)

(267,141

)

9,190

(257,951

)

Balance at 31 December 2023

13,173,750

(1,418,623

)

11,755,127

9,190

11,764,317

Changes in equity

Total comprehensive income

-

(486,580

)

(486,580

)

9,190

(477,390

)

Balance at 31 December 2024

13,173,750

(1,905,203

)

11,268,547

18,380

11,286,927

Called up

share

Retained

Total

capital

earnings

equity

£

£

£

Balance at 1 January 2023

13,173,750

(3,004,914

)

10,168,836

Changes in equity

Total comprehensive income

-

(100

)

(100

)

Balance at 31 December 2023

13,173,750

(3,005,014

)

10,168,736

Changes in equity

Total comprehensive income

-

(31

)

(31

)

Balance at 31 December 2024

13,173,750

(3,005,045

)

10,168,705

Cash flows from operating activities

Cash generated from operations

1

29,408

1,133,597

Interest paid

(45,247

)

(54,938

)

Interest element of hire purchase payments paid

(38,925

)

(40,521

)

Tax paid

3,065

88,944

Net cash from operating activities

(51,699

)

1,127,082

Cash flows from investing activities

Purchase of tangible fixed assets

(123,472

)

(178,457

)

Sale of tangible fixed assets

31,274

26,031

Interest received

16,154

1,460

Net cash from investing activities

(76,044

)

(150,966

)

Cash flows from financing activities

Loan repayments in year

(163,931

)

(166,055

)

Capital repayments in year

(157,558

)

(282,208

)

Amount introduced by directors

62,976

37,200

Amount withdrawn by directors

(57,769

)

(42,407

)

HP Finance additions in year

-

76,409

Net cash from financing activities

(316,282

)

(377,061

)

(Decrease)/increase in cash and cash equivalents

(444,025

)

599,055

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year

2

2,049,561

1,450,506

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year

2

1,605,536

2,049,561

1.	RECONCILIATION OF LOSS BEFORE TAXATION TO CASH GENERATED FROM OPERATIONS

31.12.24

31.12.23

£

£

Loss before taxation

(586,153

)

(328,301

)

Depreciation charges

255,024

251,988

Profit on disposal of fixed assets

(5,998

)

(9,095

)

Finance costs

84,172

95,459

Finance income

(16,154

)

(1,460

)

(269,109

)

8,591

Decrease in stocks

143,126

721,974

Decrease in trade and other debtors

52,437

1,595,728

Increase/(decrease) in trade and other creditors

102,954

(1,192,696

)

Cash generated from operations

29,408

1,133,597

2.	CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS

The amounts disclosed on the Cash Flow Statement in respect of cash and cash equivalents are in respect of these Balance Sheet amounts:

Year ended 31 December 2024

31.12.24

1.1.24

£

£

Cash and cash equivalents

1,605,536

2,049,561

Year ended 31 December 2023

31.12.23

1.1.23

£

£

Cash and cash equivalents

2,049,561

1,450,506

3.	ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN NET FUNDS/(DEBT)

At 1.1.24

Cash flow

At 31.12.24

£

£

£

Net cash

Cash at bank and in hand

2,049,561

(444,025

)

1,605,536

2,049,561

(444,025

)

1,605,536

Debt

Finance leases

(770,887

)

157,558

(613,329

)

Debts falling due within 1 year

(160,711

)

2,169

(158,542

)

Debts falling due after 1 year

(656,370

)

161,762

(494,608

)

(1,587,968

)

321,489

(1,266,479

)

Total

461,593

(122,536

)

339,057

1.	STATUTORY INFORMATION

Turner Group Holdings Limited is a private company, limited by shares , registered in England and Wales. The company's registered number and registered office address can be found on the General Information page.

2.	ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of preparing the financial statements

These financial statements have been prepared in accordance with Financial Reporting Standard 102 "The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland" and the Companies Act 2006. The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention as modified by the revaluation of certain assets.

Management has concluded that the financial statements give a true and fair view of the entity’s financial position and financial performance and that it has complied with FRS 102 or applicable legislation. The company and group have not departed from a particular requirement of FRS 102 or applicable legislation to the extent necessary to give a true and fair view.

The financial statements have been prepared under the historical cost convention on a going concern basis.

The company has considered its cashflows for the next 12 months by discounting non cash expenses including depreciation from its profit and loss account and is confident that the company will meet its current obligations as they fall due.

The directors therefore consider it appropriate to prepare the accounts on the going concern basis.

Turnover

Turnover for the group is recognised at the fair value of consideration receivable, net of VAT and discounts, with property rental income recognised on a straight-line basis over the lease term and revenue from the manufacture and sale of chipping and shredding machines recognised when control of the goods transfers to the customer, typically on delivery or dispatch, with intercompany turnover eliminated on consolidation.

Goodwill

Business combinations are accounted for under the acquisition method. The Company reviews its recorded goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite lives for impairment each year on December 31 and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable.

Goodwill represents the excess of the costs of an acquisition over the fair value of the amounts assigned to assets acquired and liabilities incurred or assumed of the acquired subsidiary at the date of acquisition.

Intangible assets

Intangible assets are initially measured at cost. After initial recognition, intangible assets are measured at cost less any accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses.

Tangible fixed assets

Tangible assets are initially measured at cost after initial recognition, tangible assets are measured at cost less any accumulated amortisation and any accumulated impairment losses. Depreciation is provided at the following annual rates in order to write off each asset over its estimated useful life or, if held under a finance lease, over the lease term, whichever is the shorter.

Plant and machinery

- 20% on cost, 15% on cost and 10% on cost

Fixtures and fittings

- 20% on cost and at varying rates on cost

Motor vehicles

- 25% on cost

Computer equipment

- 25% on cost

Stocks

Stocks are valued on a first in, first out basis at the lower of cost and net realisable value after making due allowance for obsolete and slow moving stock. Finished goods include all attributable overheads including direct labour and overheads incurred in bringing the products to their present location and condition.

Financial instruments

The company enters into basic financial instrument transactions that result in the recognition of financial assets and liabilities like trade and other debtors and creditors and loans from banks.

Debt instruments (other than those wholly repayable or receivable within one year), including loans and account receivables and payables, are initially measured at the transaction price (adjusted for transaction cost) and subsequently at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Debt instruments that are payable or receivable within one year, typically trade debtors and creditors, are measured, initially and subsequently, at the undiscounted amount of the cash or other consideration expected to be paid or received. However, if the arrangement constitutes a financing transaction, such as a trade debtor or creditor on extended credit terms, initial measurement is at the present value of future cash flows discounted at a market rate of interest. Subsequent measurement is at amortised cost.

Financial assets that are measured at cost and amortised cost are assessed at the end of each reporting period for objective evidence of impairment. If such evidence is identified, an impairment loss is recognised in the statement of comprehensive income.

For financial assets measured at amortised cost, the impairment loss is measured as the difference between carrying amount and the present value of estimated cash flows discounted at the original effective interest rate. If the financial instrument has a variable interest rate the currently effective rate under the contract is used.

For financial assets measured at cost less impairment, the impairment loss is measured as the difference between an asset’s carrying amount and best estimate of the recoverable amount, which is an approximation of the amount that the company would receive for the asset if it were to be sold at the reporting date.

Financial assets and liabilities are offset, and the net amount reported in the statement of financial position when there is an enforceable right to set off the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on a net basis or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously. At present, the company has not offset any items.

Taxation

Taxation for the year comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the Consolidated Income Statement, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity.

Current or deferred taxation assets and liabilities are not discounted.

Current tax is recognised at the amount of tax payable using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date.

Deferred tax

Deferred tax is recognised in respect of all timing differences that have originated but not reversed at the balance sheet date.

Timing differences arise from the inclusion of income and expenses in tax assessments in periods different from those in which they are recognised in financial statements. Deferred tax is measured using tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the year end and that are expected to apply to the reversal of the timing difference.

Unrelieved tax losses and other deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that they will be recovered against the reversal of deferred tax liabilities or other future taxable profits.

Foreign currencies

Assets and liabilities in foreign currencies are translated into sterling at the rates of exchange ruling at the balance sheet date. Transactions in foreign currencies are translated into sterling at the rate of exchange ruling at the date of transaction. Exchange differences are taken into account in arriving at the operating result.

Hire purchase and leasing commitments

Assets obtained under hire purchase contracts or finance leases are capitalised in the balance sheet. Those held under hire purchase contracts are depreciated over their estimated useful lives. Those held under finance leases are depreciated over their estimated useful lives or the lease term, whichever is the shorter.

The interest element of these obligations is charged to profit or loss over the relevant period. The capital element of the future payments is treated as a liability.

Rentals paid under operating leases are charged to profit or loss on a straight line basis over the period of the lease.

Pension costs and other post-retirement benefits

The group operates a defined contribution pension scheme. Contributions payable to the group's pension scheme are charged to profit or loss in the period to which they relate.

Government grants

Government grants relating to fixed assets are treated as deferred income and released over the assets' useful lives. Grants relating to revenue expenditure are recognised in the profit and loss account in the period in which the relevant costs are incurred.

Invoice discounting

Trade debtor balances subject to invoice discounting are included in the consolidated balance sheet within assets until they are collected. The corresponding liability would be shown within current liabilities, however, no such liability exists. Related charges and other costs are recognised as they accrue and are included in the profit and loss account.

3.	OTHER OPERATING INCOME

31.12.24

31.12.23

£

£

Grants received

7,000

5,000

Management charge

-

3,012

Job Retention Scheme Grants

5,760

7,730

12,760

15,742

4.	EMPLOYEES AND DIRECTORS

31.12.24

31.12.23

£

£

Wages and salaries

3,252,780

3,327,183

Social security costs

377,600

382,149

Other pension costs

140,650

134,050

3,771,030

3,843,382

The average number of employees during the year was as follows:

31.12.24

31.12.23

Administration

21

22

Production

75

86

Director

5

5

101

113