Turnover is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, net of discounts and value added taxes. Turnover includes revenue earned from the sale of goods and from the rendering of services. Turnover is reduced for estimated customer returns, rebates and other similar allowances.
Sale of goods
Turnover from the sale of goods is recognised when the significant risks and rewards of ownership of the goods has transferred to the buyer. This is usually at the point that the customer has signed for the delivery of the goods.
Rendering of services
Turnover from the rendering of services is recognised by reference to the stage of completion of the contract. The stage of completion of a contract is measured by comparing the costs incurred for work performed to date to the total estimated contract costs. Turnover is only recognised to the extent of recoverable expenses when the outcome of a contract cannot be estimated reliably.
The company recognises revenue when:
The amount of revenue can be reliably measured;
services have been provided and the right to consideration has been earned;
and collectability of the related receivables is fairly assured.
Rental income from operating leases (net of any incentives given to the lesees) is recognised on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
Interest income, including income arising from finance leases and other financial instruments, is recognised using the effective interest method.