| REGISTERED NUMBER: 02072876 (England and Wales) |
| GROUP STRATEGIC REPORT, REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS AND |
| CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
| FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025 |
| FOR |
| SEP PROPERTIES LIMITED |
| REGISTERED NUMBER: 02072876 (England and Wales) |
| GROUP STRATEGIC REPORT, REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS AND |
| CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
| FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025 |
| FOR |
| SEP PROPERTIES LIMITED |
| SEP PROPERTIES LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 02072876) |
| CONTENTS OF THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
| FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025 |
| Page |
| Company Information | 1 |
| Group Strategic Report | 2 |
| Report of the Directors | 4 |
| Report of the Independent Auditors | 5 |
| Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income | 8 |
| Consolidated Balance Sheet | 9 |
| Company Balance Sheet | 10 |
| Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity | 11 |
| Company Statement of Changes in Equity | 12 |
| Consolidated Cash Flow Statement | 13 |
| Notes to the Consolidated Cash Flow Statement | 14 |
| Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements | 15 |
| SEP PROPERTIES LIMITED |
| COMPANY INFORMATION |
| FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025 |
| DIRECTORS: |
| SECRETARY: |
| REGISTERED OFFICE: |
| REGISTERED NUMBER: |
| AUDITORS: |
| Chartered Accountants and Statutory Auditors |
| Grove House |
| Coombs Wood Court |
| Steel Park Road |
| Halesowen |
| West Midlands |
| B62 8BF |
| SEP PROPERTIES LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 02072876) |
| GROUP STRATEGIC REPORT |
| FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025 |
| The directors present their strategic report of the company and the group for the year ended 31 March 2025. |
| The group ia a privately owned property investor and developer with a portfolio throughout the UK. |
| REVIEW OF BUSINESS |
| The directors have continued their strategy of carefully managing the portfolio and have delivered excellent results. The income statement shows rental income up from £11.5m to just over £12m. |
| The group continues to have a good relationship with and support from lenders and the directors have reviewed projected best estimates of rental income and forecast interest costs so that any weakness in debt servicing cover can be eliminated before becoming a concern. |
| Total equity attributable to shareholders was £90m (2024: £87m), an increase of 3.4% as a result of profits generated in the year. |
| PRINCIPAL RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES |
| The group's primary asset consists of direct investment in a mix of UK commercial and residential property and its principal risks are therefore a reduction in the value of properties, the collection of rent and costs associated with any vacant units. |
| - Availability and cost of debt finance |
| The directors acknowledge there is a refinancing risk and make provision for cash equity injections on refinances by holding reserves of cash and unencumbered properties. By keeping gearing at a cautious level, it is proposed that the group will remain an attractive proposition to lenders. |
| - Economic climate |
| The directors recognise that economic conditions are outside of the group's control. The potential effects of these are wide ranging making them difficult to predict and plan for. |
| However, the well-diversified mix of retail, office and residential tenants with a strong balance sheet leads the board to conclude that the group is well buffered against future economic challenges. |
| - Environmental |
| The energy performance rating of properties is becoming increasingly important to both tenants and investors. |
| The directors evaluate each property within the portfolio to highlight any that present an opportunity to make improvements to their environmental impact. The group have already commenced an ongoing programme of improvements. even though the government have now relaxed their provisions, the group remain committed to their programme. |
| - Tenant default |
| The opportunity for this risk to have a material impact on the group is mitigated by having a diversified portfolio and a wide tenant base where no single tenant represents a substantial part of the business. All prospective tenants are credit assessed. |
| SEP PROPERTIES LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 02072876) |
| GROUP STRATEGIC REPORT |
| FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025 |
| KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS |
| We consider that our key performance indicators are those that communicate the financial performance and strength of the company, these are rental income, gearing and profitability. |
| 2025 | 2024 |
| Rental income | £12,103,327 | £11,516,771 |
| Residential occupancy rate | 97% | 97% |
| Profit before tax | £3,454,209 | £4,568,553 |
| The portfolio has performed well and demonstrates that the mix together with excellent asset management is key to excellent property returns. |
| ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD: |
| SEP PROPERTIES LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 02072876) |
| REPORT OF THE DIRECTORS |
| FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025 |
| The directors present their report with the financial statements of the company and the group for the year ended 31 March 2025. |
| DIVIDENDS |
| The total distribution of dividends for the year ended 31 March 2025 will be £ 123,370 . |
| DIRECTORS |
| The directors shown below have held office during the whole of the period from 1 April 2024 to the date of this report. |
| STATEMENT OF DIRECTORS' RESPONSIBILITIES |
| The directors are responsible for preparing the Group Strategic Report, the Report of the Directors and the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and regulations. |
| Company law requires the directors to prepare financial statements for each financial year. Under that law the directors have elected to prepare the financial statements in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice (United Kingdom Accounting Standards and applicable law). Under company law the directors must not approve the financial statements unless they are satisfied that they give a true and fair view of the state of affairs of the company and the group and of the profit or loss of the group for that period. In preparing these financial statements, the directors are required to: |
| - | select suitable accounting policies and then apply them consistently; |
| - | make judgements and accounting estimates that are reasonable and prudent; |
| - | prepare the financial statements on the going concern basis unless it is inappropriate to presume that the company will continue in business. |
| The directors are responsible for keeping adequate accounting records that are sufficient to show and explain the company's and the group's transactions and disclose with reasonable accuracy at any time the financial position of the company and the group and enable them to ensure that the financial statements comply with the Companies Act 2006. They are also responsible for safeguarding the assets of the company and the group and hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud and other irregularities. |
| STATEMENT AS TO DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION TO AUDITORS |
| So far as the directors are aware, there is no relevant audit information (as defined by Section 418 of the Companies Act 2006) of which the group's auditors are unaware, and each director has taken all the steps that he ought to have taken as a director in order to make himself aware of any relevant audit information and to establish that the group's auditors are aware of that information. |
| AUDITORS |
| The auditors, E R Grove & Co Limited, will be proposed for re-appointment at the forthcoming Annual General Meeting. |
| ON BEHALF OF THE BOARD: |
| REPORT OF THE INDEPENDENT AUDITORS TO THE MEMBERS OF |
| SEP PROPERTIES LIMITED |
| Opinion |
| We have audited the financial statements of SEP Properties Limited (the 'parent company') and its subsidiaries (the 'group') for the year ended 31 March 2025 which comprise the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income, Consolidated Balance Sheet, Company Balance Sheet, Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity, Company Statement of Changes in Equity, Consolidated Cash Flow Statement and Notes to the Consolidated Cash Flow Statement, Notes to the Financial Statements, including a summary of significant accounting policies. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their preparation is applicable law and United Kingdom Accounting Standards, including Financial Reporting Standard 102 'The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland' (United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice). |
| In our opinion the financial statements: |
| - | give a true and fair view of the state of the group's and of the parent company affairs as at 31 March 2025 and of the group's profit for the year then ended; |
| - | have been properly prepared in accordance with United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice; and |
| - | have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies Act 2006. |
| Basis for opinion |
| We conducted our audit in accordance with International Standards on Auditing (UK) (ISAs (UK)) and applicable law. Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditors' responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the group in accordance with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements in the UK, including the FRC's Ethical Standard, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. |
| Conclusions relating to going concern |
| In auditing the financial statements, we have concluded that the directors' use of the going concern basis of accounting in the preparation of the financial statements is appropriate. |
| Based on the work we have performed, we have not identified any material uncertainties relating to events or conditions that, individually or collectively, may cast significant doubt on the group's and the parent company's ability to continue as a going concern for a period of at least twelve months from when the financial statements are authorised for issue. |
| Our responsibilities and the responsibilities of the directors with respect to going concern are described in the relevant sections of this report. |
| Other information |
| The directors are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the information in the Group Strategic Report and the Report of the Directors, but does not include the financial statements and our Report of the Auditors thereon. |
| Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and, except to the extent otherwise explicitly stated in our report, we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon. |
| In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated. If we identify such material inconsistencies or apparent material misstatements, we are required to determine whether this gives rise to a material misstatement in the financial statements themselves. If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard. |
| Opinions on other matters prescribed by the Companies Act 2006 |
| In our opinion, based on the work undertaken in the course of the audit: |
| - | the information given in the Group Strategic Report and the Report of the Directors for the financial year for which the financial statements are prepared is consistent with the financial statements; and |
| - | the Group Strategic Report and the Report of the Directors have been prepared in accordance with applicable legal requirements. |
| Matters on which we are required to report by exception |
| In the light of the knowledge and understanding of the group and the parent company and its environment obtained in the course of the audit, we have not identified material misstatements in the Group Strategic Report or the Report of the Directors. |
| We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters where the Companies Act 2006 requires us to report to you if, in our opinion: |
| - | adequate accounting records have not been kept by the parent company, or returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or |
| - | the parent company financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or |
| - | certain disclosures of directors' remuneration specified by law are not made; or |
| - | we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit. |
| REPORT OF THE INDEPENDENT AUDITORS TO THE MEMBERS OF |
| SEP PROPERTIES LIMITED |
| Responsibilities of directors |
| As explained more fully in the Statement of Directors' Responsibilities set out on page four, the directors are responsible for the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view, and for such internal control as the directors determine necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error. |
| In preparing the financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the group's and the parent company's ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the group or the parent company or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so. |
| Auditors' responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements |
| Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue a Report of the Auditors that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements. |
| The extent to which our procedures are capable of detecting irregularities, including fraud is detailed below: |
| We gained an understanding of the legal and regulatory framework applicable to the Company and the industry in which it operates, and considered the risk of acts by the Company which were contrary to applicable laws and regulations, including fraud. These included but were not limited to compliance with the Companies Act 2006, the principles of United Kingdom Generally Accepted Accounting Practice and tax legislation. |
| We designed audit procedures to respond to the risks of material misstatement in the financial statements, recognising that the risk of not detecting a material misstatement due to fraud is higher than the risk of not detecting one resulting from error, as fraud may involve deliberate concealment by, for example, forgery, misrepresentations or through collusion. |
| We focused on laws and regulations that could give rise to a material misstatement in the Company financial statements. Our tests included, but were not limited to: |
| - agreement of the financial statement disclosures to underlying supporting documentation; |
| - enquiries of management, including consideration of known or suspected instances of non-compliance with laws and regulations and fraud; |
| - review of minutes of Directors' board meetings throughout the year; and |
| - obtaining an understanding of the control environment in monitoring compliance with laws and regulations. |
| There are inherent limitations in the audit procedures described above, and the further removed non-compliance with laws and regulations is from the events and transactions reflected in the financial statements, the less likely we would become aware of it. We also addressed the risk of management override of internal controls, including testing journals, assessing and challenging the accounting estimates made and evaluating whether there was evidence of bias by the Directors that represented a risk of material misstatement due to fraud. |
| A further description of our responsibilities for the audit of the financial statements is located on the Financial Reporting Council's website at www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. This description forms part of our Report of the Auditors. |
| REPORT OF THE INDEPENDENT AUDITORS TO THE MEMBERS OF |
| SEP PROPERTIES LIMITED |
| Use of our report |
| This report is made solely to the company's members, as a body, in accordance with Chapter 3 of Part 16 of the Companies Act 2006. Our audit work has been undertaken so that we might state to the company's members those matters we are required to state to them in a Report of the Auditors and for no other purpose. To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the company and the company's members as a body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions we have formed. |
| for and on behalf of |
| Chartered Accountants and Statutory Auditors |
| Grove House |
| Coombs Wood Court |
| Steel Park Road |
| Halesowen |
| West Midlands |
| B62 8BF |
| SEP PROPERTIES LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 02072876) |
| CONSOLIDATED |
| STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE |
| INCOME |
| FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025 |
| 2025 | 2024 |
| Notes | £ | £ | £ | £ |
| TURNOVER | 3 | 12,103,327 | 11,516,771 |
| Cost of sales | 404,841 | 215,992 |
| GROSS PROFIT | 11,698,486 | 11,300,779 |
| Administrative expenses | 2,432,362 | 2,231,201 |
| 9,266,124 | 9,069,578 |
| Other operating income (including value adjustments) |
4 |
1,007,087 |
2,129,356 |
| OPERATING PROFIT | 6 | 10,273,211 | 11,198,934 |
| Income from fixed asset investments | 1,919 | 1,467 |
| Interest receivable and similar income | 7,294 | 2,631 |
| 9,213 | 4,098 |
| 10,282,424 | 11,203,032 |
| Interest payable and similar expenses | 7 | 6,828,215 | 6,634,479 |
| PROFIT BEFORE TAXATION | 3,454,209 | 4,568,553 |
| Tax on profit | 8 | 917,995 | 632,410 |
| PROFIT FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR |
| OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME |
| Gains / loss on revaluation of fixed |
| asset investments | 18,500 | 6,459 |
| Income tax relating to other comprehensive income |
- |
- |
| OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEAR, NET OF INCOME TAX |
18,500 |
6,459 |
| TOTAL COMPREHENSIVE INCOME FOR THE YEAR |
2,554,714 |
3,942,602 |
| Profit attributable to: |
| Owners of the parent | 2,536,214 | 3,936,143 |
| Total comprehensive income attributable to: |
| Owners of the parent | 2,554,714 | 3,942,602 |
| SEP PROPERTIES LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 02072876) |
| CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET |
| 31 MARCH 2025 |
| 2025 | 2024 |
| Notes | £ | £ | £ | £ |
| FIXED ASSETS |
| Intangible assets | 11 | - | - |
| Tangible assets | 12 | 208 | 258 |
| Investments | 13 | 68,222 | 49,722 |
| Investment property | 14 | 196,065,412 | 191,621,025 |
| 196,133,842 | 191,671,005 |
| CURRENT ASSETS |
| Debtors | 15 | 6,306,769 | 5,916,144 |
| Cash at bank | 259,314 | 394,495 |
| 6,566,083 | 6,310,639 |
| CREDITORS |
| Amounts falling due within one year | 16 | 74,815,301 | 8,294,511 |
| NET CURRENT LIABILITIES | (68,249,218 | ) | (1,983,872 | ) |
| TOTAL ASSETS LESS CURRENT LIABILITIES |
127,884,624 |
189,687,133 |
| CREDITORS |
| Amounts falling due after more than one year |
17 |
(30,438,441 |
) |
(94,442,100 |
) |
| PROVISIONS FOR LIABILITIES | 20 | (8,184,881 | ) | (8,415,075 | ) |
| NET ASSETS | 89,261,302 | 86,829,958 |
| CAPITAL AND RESERVES |
| Called up share capital | 21 | 82 | 82 |
| Share premium | 22 | 48,518 | 48,518 |
| Retained earnings | 22 | 89,212,702 | 86,781,358 |
| SHAREHOLDERS' FUNDS | 89,261,302 | 86,829,958 |
| The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors and authorised for issue on 22 December 2025 and were signed on its behalf by: |
| Palminder Singh - Director |
| SEP PROPERTIES LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 02072876) |
| COMPANY BALANCE SHEET |
| 31 MARCH 2025 |
| 2025 | 2024 |
| Notes | £ | £ | £ | £ |
| FIXED ASSETS |
| Intangible assets | 11 |
| Tangible assets | 12 |
| Investments | 13 |
| Investment property | 14 |
| CURRENT ASSETS |
| Debtors | 15 |
| Cash at bank |
| CREDITORS |
| Amounts falling due within one year | 16 |
| NET CURRENT LIABILITIES | ( |
) | ( |
) |
| TOTAL ASSETS LESS CURRENT LIABILITIES |
| CREDITORS |
| Amounts falling due after more than one year |
17 |
( |
) |
( |
) |
| PROVISIONS FOR LIABILITIES | 20 | ( |
) | ( |
) |
| NET ASSETS |
| CAPITAL AND RESERVES |
| Called up share capital | 21 |
| Share premium | 22 |
| Retained earnings | 22 |
| SHAREHOLDERS' FUNDS |
| Company's profit for the financial year | 2,535,155 | 3,935,576 |
| The financial statements were approved by the Board of Directors and authorised for issue on |
| SEP PROPERTIES LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 02072876) |
| CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY |
| FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025 |
| Called up | Fair |
| share | Retained | Share | value | Total |
| capital | earnings | premium | reserve | equity |
| £ | £ | £ | £ | £ |
| Balance at 1 April 2023 | 82 | 82,962,126 | 48,518 | - | 83,010,726 |
| Changes in equity |
| Profit for the year | - | 3,936,143 | - | - | 3,936,143 |
| Other comprehensive income | - | 6,459 | - | - | 6,459 |
| Total comprehensive income | - | 3,942,602 | - | - | 3,942,602 |
| Dividends | - | (123,370 | ) | - | - | (123,370 | ) |
| Balance at 31 March 2024 | 82 | 86,781,358 | 48,518 | - | 86,829,958 |
| Changes in equity |
| Profit for the year | - | 2,536,214 | - | - | 2,536,214 |
| Other comprehensive income | - | 18,500 | - | - | 18,500 |
| Total comprehensive income | - | 2,554,714 | - | - | 2,554,714 |
| Dividends | - | (123,370 | ) | - | - | (123,370 | ) |
| Balance at 31 March 2025 | 82 | 89,212,702 | 48,518 | - | 89,261,302 |
| SEP PROPERTIES LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 02072876) |
| COMPANY STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN EQUITY |
| FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025 |
| Called up |
| share | Retained | Share | Total |
| capital | earnings | premium | equity |
| £ | £ | £ | £ |
| Balance at 1 April 2023 |
| Changes in equity |
| Dividends | - | ( |
) | - | ( |
) |
| Total comprehensive income | - | - |
| Balance at 31 March 2024 |
| Changes in equity |
| Dividends | - | ( |
) | - | ( |
) |
| Total comprehensive income | - | - |
| Balance at 31 March 2025 |
| SEP PROPERTIES LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 02072876) |
| CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOW STATEMENT |
| FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025 |
| 2025 | 2024 |
| Notes | £ | £ |
| Cash flows from operating activities |
| Cash generated from operations | 1 | 8,641,819 | 8,602,508 |
| Interest paid | (6,828,215 | ) | (6,634,479 | ) |
| Tax paid | (1,110,703 | ) | (643,390 | ) |
| Net cash from operating activities | 702,901 | 1,324,639 |
| Cash flows from investing activities |
| Purchase of investment property | (9,227,868 | ) | (4,069,020 | ) |
| Sale of tangible fixed assets | - | 1,350 |
| Sale of investment property | 5,928,041 | 917,371 |
| Interest received | 7,294 | 2,631 |
| Dividends received | 1,919 | 1,467 |
| Net cash from investing activities | (3,290,614 | ) | (3,146,201 | ) |
| Cash flows from financing activities |
| New loans in year | 3,164,825 | 2,287,535 |
| Amounts owed by group undertaking | 123,370 | 123,370 |
| Amount introduced by directors | 67,565 | 61,131 |
| Amount withdrawn by directors | (709,605 | ) | (718,204 | ) |
| Equity dividends paid | (123,370 | ) | (123,370 | ) |
| Net cash from financing activities | 2,522,785 | 1,630,462 |
| Decrease in cash and cash equivalents | (64,928 | ) | (191,100 | ) |
| Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year |
2 |
(355,754 |
) |
(164,654 |
) |
| Cash and cash equivalents at end of year | 2 | (420,682 | ) | (355,754 | ) |
| SEP PROPERTIES LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 02072876) |
| NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED CASH FLOW STATEMENT |
| FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025 |
| 1. | RECONCILIATION OF PROFIT BEFORE TAXATION TO CASH GENERATED FROM OPERATIONS |
| 2025 | 2024 |
| £ | £ |
| Profit before taxation | 3,454,209 | 4,568,553 |
| Depreciation charges | 50 | 391 |
| Profit on disposal of fixed assets | (385,232 | ) | (419,494 | ) |
| Gain on revaluation of fixed assets | (1,007,087 | ) | (2,129,356 | ) |
| Finance costs | 6,828,215 | 6,634,479 |
| Finance income | (9,213 | ) | (4,098 | ) |
| 8,880,942 | 8,650,475 |
| Increase in trade and other debtors | (390,625 | ) | (614,035 | ) |
| Increase in trade and other creditors | 151,502 | 566,068 |
| Cash generated from operations | 8,641,819 | 8,602,508 |
| 2. | CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS |
| The amounts disclosed on the Cash Flow Statement in respect of cash and cash equivalents are in respect of these Balance Sheet amounts: |
| Year ended 31 March 2025 |
| 31.3.25 | 1.4.24 |
| £ | £ |
| Cash and cash equivalents | 259,314 | 394,495 |
| Bank overdrafts | (679,996 | ) | (750,249 | ) |
| (420,682 | ) | (355,754 | ) |
| Year ended 31 March 2024 |
| 31.3.24 | 1.4.23 |
| £ | £ |
| Cash and cash equivalents | 394,495 | 594,020 |
| Bank overdrafts | (750,249 | ) | (758,674 | ) |
| (355,754 | ) | (164,654 | ) |
| 3. | ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN NET DEBT |
| At 1.4.24 | Cash flow | At 31.3.25 |
| £ | £ | £ |
| Net cash |
| Cash at bank | 394,495 | (135,181 | ) | 259,314 |
| Bank overdrafts | (750,249 | ) | 70,253 | (679,996 | ) |
| (355,754 | ) | (64,928 | ) | (420,682 | ) |
| Debt |
| Debts falling due within 1 year | (1,314,311 | ) | (66,764,564 | ) | (68,078,875 | ) |
| Debts falling due after 1 year | (86,465,506 | ) | 63,599,739 | (22,865,767 | ) |
| (87,779,817 | ) | (3,164,825 | ) | (90,944,642 | ) |
| Total | (88,135,571 | ) | (3,229,753 | ) | (91,365,324 | ) |
| SEP PROPERTIES LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 02072876) |
| NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS |
| FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025 |
| 1. | STATUTORY INFORMATION |
| SEP Properties Limited is a |
| 2. | ACCOUNTING POLICIES |
| Basis of preparing the financial statements |
| The preparation of financial statements in compliance with FRS102 requires the use of certain critical accounting estimates. It also requires Group management to exercise judgement in applying the Group's accounting policies. |
| Basis of consolidation |
| The consolidated financial statements present the results of the company and its own subsidiaries ("the group") as if they form a a single entity. Intercompany transactions and balances between group companies are therefor eliminated in full. |
| Related party exemption |
| The company has taken advantage of exemption, under the terms of Financial Reporting Standard 102 'The Financial Reporting Standard applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland', not to disclose related party transactions with wholly owned subsidiaries within the group. |
| Transactions between group entities which have been eliminated on consolidation are not disclosed within the financial statements. |
| Significant judgements and estimates |
| The valuation of the property portfolio is a critical part of the company's performance. The company carries the property portfolio at fair value in the balance sheet and engages professionally qualified external valuers to undertake valuations. |
| The preparation of financial statements requires management to make estimates affecting the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, of revenues and expenses, and of gains and losses. As described above, the company’s investment properties are stated at estimated market value, as accounted for by management based on an independent external appraisal. The estimated market value may differ from the price at which the company’s assets could be sold at a particular time, since actual selling prices are negotiated between willing buyers and sellers. |
| Also, certain estimates require an assessment of factors not within management’s control, such as overall market conditions. As a result, actual results of operations and realisation of net assets could differ from the estimates set forth in these financial statements. The directors consider that these difference are very unlikely to be significant. |
| Rental income |
| Rental income is billed in advance and then allocated to the appropriate period. Therefore, deferred revenue generally represents the proportion of rentals invoiced in advance as at the reporting date and any advance payments from tenants. |
| Rental income is recognised when it is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the group and the amount of revenue can be measured reliably. |
| Rental income is measured as the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, excluding value added tax. |
| Intangible assets |
| The intangible assets shown on the balance sheet are trademarks acquired by the company. |
| Acquired trademarks are carried at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment. Trademarks are amortised on a straight line basis in order to write the asset over 5 years. Increases in trademark values are not recognised. |
| SEP PROPERTIES LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 02072876) |
| NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued |
| FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025 |
| 2. | ACCOUNTING POLICIES - continued |
| Tangible fixed assets |
| Fixtures and fittings | - |
| Investment property |
| The company measures Investment property initially at cost, including related transaction costs. These comprise a mix of office, industrial units, residential properties and retail units. These are held as investments to earn rental income and for capital appreciation and are stated at fair value at the balance sheet date. |
| Gains or losses arising from changes in the fair value of investment property are included in the income statement in the period in which they arise. The fair value of an investment property reflects, among other things, rental income from current leases and assumptions about rental income from future leases in light of current market conditions. |
| When an existing property is redeveloped for continued future use as an investment property, it remains an investment property whilst in development. Subsequent expenditure is added to the asset's carrying amount only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. All other repairs and maintenance costs are charged to the profit and loss account during the financial period in which they are incurred. |
| Financial instruments |
| Debtors |
| Short term debtors are measured at transaction price , less any impairment. |
| Creditors |
| Short term creditors are measured at transaction price. |
| Cash |
| Cash is represented by cash in hand and deposits with financial institutions repayable without penalty on notice. |
| There are no complex financial instruments |
| Taxation |
| Taxation for the year comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income, except to the extent that it relates to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity. |
| Current or deferred taxation assets and liabilities are not discounted. |
| Current tax is recognised at the amount of tax payable using the tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the balance sheet date. |
| Deferred tax |
| Deferred tax is recognised in respect of all timing differences that have originated but not reversed at the balance sheet date. |
| Timing differences arise from the inclusion of income and expenses in tax assessments in periods different from those in which they are recognised in financial statements. Deferred tax is measured using tax rates and laws that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the year end and that are expected to apply to the reversal of the timing difference. |
| Unrelieved tax losses and other deferred tax assets are recognised only to the extent that it is probable that they will be recovered against the reversal of deferred tax liabilities or other future taxable profits. |
| Pension costs and other post-retirement benefits |
| The group operates a defined contribution pension scheme. Contributions payable to the group's pension scheme are charged to profit or loss in the period to which they relate. |
| Borrowing costs |
| All borrowing costs are recognised in the profit and loss in the year in which they are incurred. |
| SEP PROPERTIES LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 02072876) |
| NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued |
| FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025 |
| 3. | TURNOVER |
| The turnover and profit before taxation are attributable to the one principal activity of the group. |
| An analysis of turnover by class of business is given below: |
| 2025 | 2024 |
| £ | £ |
| Rent receivable | 12,103,327 | 11,516,771 |
| 12,103,327 | 11,516,771 |
| All turnover arose with the United Kingdom. |
| 4. | OTHER OPERATING INCOME |
| 2025 | 2024 |
| £ | £ |
| Gain/loss on revaluation of assets | 1,007,087 | 2,129,356 |
| 5. | EMPLOYEES AND DIRECTORS |
| 2025 | 2024 |
| £ | £ |
| Wages and salaries | 543,664 | 641,153 |
| Social security costs | 46,854 | 53,284 |
| Other pension costs | 11,548 | 13,276 |
| 602,066 | 707,713 |
| The average number of employees during the year was as follows: |
| 2025 | 2024 |
| Administration |
| The average number of employees by undertakings that were proportionately consolidated during the year was NIL (2024 - NIL). |
| The highest paid director received remuneration of £Nil (2024: £Nil). No director's remuneration this financial year. |
| 2025 | 2024 |
| £ | £ |
| Directors' remuneration | - | - |
| 6. | OPERATING PROFIT |
| The operating profit is stated after charging/(crediting): |
| 2025 | 2024 |
| £ | £ |
| Depreciation - owned assets | 50 | 391 |
| Profit on disposal of fixed assets | (385,232 | ) | (419,494 | ) |
| Auditors' remuneration | 20,500 | 21,000 |
| SEP PROPERTIES LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 02072876) |
| NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued |
| FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025 |
| 7. | INTEREST PAYABLE AND SIMILAR EXPENSES |
| 2025 | 2024 |
| £ | £ |
| Bank interest | 34,791 | 34,653 |
| Bank loan interest | 6,772,389 | 6,517,180 |
| Other interest | 21,035 | 82,646 |
| 6,828,215 | 6,634,479 |
| 8. | TAXATION |
| Analysis of the tax charge |
| The tax charge on the profit for the year was as follows: |
| 2025 | 2024 |
| £ | £ |
| Current tax: |
| UK corporation tax | 900,430 | 577,217 |
| (Over) / under provision in earlier years | - | 35,833 |
| Total current tax | 900,430 | 613,050 |
| Deferred tax | 17,565 | 19,360 |
| Tax on profit | 917,995 | 632,410 |
| Reconciliation of total tax charge included in profit and loss |
| The tax assessed for the year is higher than the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK. The difference is explained below: |
| 2025 | 2024 |
| £ | £ |
| Profit before tax | 3,454,209 | 4,568,553 |
| Profit multiplied by the standard rate of corporation tax in the UK of 25 % (2024 - 25 %) |
863,552 |
1,142,138 |
| Effects of: |
| Expenses not deductible for tax purposes | 295 | 880 |
| Income not taxable for tax purposes | (479 | ) | (366 | ) |
| Capital allowances in excess of depreciation | - | (814 | ) |
| Adjustments to tax charge in respect of previous periods | - | 35,833 |
| Structure and building allowances relating to investments properties | (28,996 | ) | (28,996 | ) |
| Additional corporation tax on capital gains | 335,180 | 15,849 |
| Unrealised investment property revaluation in year not taxable | (251,772 | ) | (532,339 | ) |
| revaluation under FRS102 |
| Losses carried forward in subsidiaries | 215 | 225 |
| Total tax charge | 917,995 | 632,410 |
| Tax effects relating to effects of other comprehensive income |
| 2025 |
| Gross | Tax | Net |
| £ | £ | £ |
| Gains / loss on revaluation of fixed |
| asset investments | 18,500 | - | 18,500 |
| 18,500 | - | 18,500 |
| SEP PROPERTIES LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 02072876) |
| NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued |
| FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025 |
| 8. | TAXATION - continued |
| 2024 |
| Gross | Tax | Net |
| £ | £ | £ |
| Gains / loss on revaluation of fixed |
| asset investments | 6,459 | - | 6,459 |
| 6,459 | - | 6,459 |
| 9. | INDIVIDUAL STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME |
| As permitted by Section 408 of the Companies Act 2006, the Income Statement of the parent company is not presented as part of these financial statements. |
| 10. | DIVIDENDS |
| 2025 | 2024 |
| £ | £ |
| Interim | 123,370 | 123,370 |
| 11. | INTANGIBLE FIXED ASSETS |
| Group |
| Trademarks |
| £ |
| COST |
| At 1 April 2024 |
| and 31 March 2025 | 57,340 |
| AMORTISATION |
| At 1 April 2024 |
| and 31 March 2025 | 57,340 |
| NET BOOK VALUE |
| At 31 March 2025 | - |
| At 31 March 2024 | - |
| Company |
| Trademarks |
| £ |
| COST |
| At 1 April 2024 |
| and 31 March 2025 |
| AMORTISATION |
| At 1 April 2024 |
| and 31 March 2025 |
| NET BOOK VALUE |
| At 31 March 2025 |
| At 31 March 2024 |
| SEP PROPERTIES LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 02072876) |
| NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued |
| FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025 |
| 12. | TANGIBLE FIXED ASSETS |
| Group |
| Fixtures |
| and |
| fittings |
| £ |
| COST |
| At 1 April 2024 |
| and 31 March 2025 | 49,445 |
| DEPRECIATION |
| At 1 April 2024 | 49,187 |
| Charge for year | 50 |
| At 31 March 2025 | 49,237 |
| NET BOOK VALUE |
| At 31 March 2025 | 208 |
| At 31 March 2024 | 258 |
| Company |
| Fixtures |
| and |
| fittings |
| £ |
| COST |
| At 1 April 2024 |
| and 31 March 2025 |
| DEPRECIATION |
| At 1 April 2024 |
| Charge for year |
| At 31 March 2025 |
| NET BOOK VALUE |
| At 31 March 2025 |
| At 31 March 2024 |
| 13. | FIXED ASSET INVESTMENTS |
| Group |
| Listed |
| investments |
| £ |
| COST OR VALUATION |
| At 1 April 2024 | 49,722 |
| Revaluations | 18,500 |
| At 31 March 2025 | 68,222 |
| NET BOOK VALUE |
| At 31 March 2025 | 68,222 |
| At 31 March 2024 | 49,722 |
| SEP PROPERTIES LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 02072876) |
| NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued |
| FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025 |
| 13. | FIXED ASSET INVESTMENTS - continued |
| Group |
| Cost or valuation at 31 March 2025 is represented by: |
| Listed |
| investments |
| £ |
| Valuation in 2025 | (77,990 | ) |
| Cost | 146,212 |
| 68,222 |
| Company |
| Shares in |
| group |
| undertakings |
| £ |
| COST |
| At 1 April 2024 |
| and 31 March 2025 |
| NET BOOK VALUE |
| At 31 March 2025 |
| At 31 March 2024 |
| The group or the company's investments at the Balance Sheet date in the share capital of companies include the following: |
| Subsidiaries |
| Registered office: United Kingdom |
| Nature of business: |
| % |
| Class of shares: | holding |
| 2025 | 2024 |
| £ | £ |
| Aggregate capital and reserves |
| Profit for the year |
| Sep Refurbishment Limited have used the exemption in Section 479A of the Companies Act 2006 from the requirement to have their individual accounts audited. |
| Registered office: United Kingdom |
| Nature of business: |
| % |
| Class of shares: | holding |
| 2025 | 2024 |
| £ | £ |
| Aggregate capital and reserves |
| SEP PROPERTIES LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 02072876) |
| NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued |
| FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025 |
| 13. | FIXED ASSET INVESTMENTS - continued |
| Registered office: United Kingdom |
| Nature of business: |
| % |
| Class of shares: | holding |
| 2025 | 2024 |
| £ | £ |
| Aggregate capital and reserves | ( |
) | ( |
) |
| Registered office: United Kingdom |
| Nature of business: |
| % |
| Class of shares: | holding |
| 2025 | 2024 |
| £ | £ |
| Aggregate capital and reserves |
| Registered office: United Kingdom |
| Nature of business: |
| % |
| Class of shares: | holding |
| 2025 | 2024 |
| £ | £ |
| Aggregate capital and reserves |
| Registered office: Jersey |
| Nature of business: |
| % |
| Class of shares: | holding |
| 2025 | 2024 |
| £ | £ |
| Aggregate capital and reserves |
| Registered office: United Kingdom |
| Nature of business: |
| % |
| Class of shares: | holding |
| 2025 | 2024 |
| £ | £ |
| Aggregate capital and reserves |
| Registered office: United Kingdom |
| Nature of business: |
| % |
| Class of shares: | holding |
| 2025 | 2024 |
| £ | £ |
| Aggregate capital and reserves |
| SEP PROPERTIES LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 02072876) |
| NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued |
| FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025 |
| 13. | FIXED ASSET INVESTMENTS - continued |
| 14. | INVESTMENT PROPERTY |
| Group |
| Total |
| £ |
| FAIR VALUE |
| At 1 April 2024 | 191,621,025 |
| Additions | 9,227,868 |
| Disposals | (5,542,809 | ) |
| Revaluations | 759,328 |
| At 31 March 2025 | 196,065,412 |
| NET BOOK VALUE |
| At 31 March 2025 | 196,065,412 |
| At 31 March 2024 | 191,621,025 |
| Fair value at 31 March 2025 is represented by: |
| £ |
| Valuation in 2025 | 49,276,814 |
| Cost | 146,788,598 |
| 196,065,412 |
| Company |
| Total |
| £ |
| FAIR VALUE |
| At 1 April 2024 |
| Additions |
| Disposals | ( |
) |
| Revaluations | 759,328 |
| At 31 March 2025 |
| NET BOOK VALUE |
| At 31 March 2025 |
| At 31 March 2024 |
| Fair value at 31 March 2025 is represented by: |
| £ |
| Valuation in 2025 | 49,276,814 |
| Cost | 146,737,358 |
| 196,014,172 |
| If investment properties had not been revalued they would have been included at the following historical cost: |
| 2025 | 2024 |
| £ | £ |
| Cost | 146,737,357 | 141,563,967 |
| SEP PROPERTIES LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 02072876) |
| NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued |
| FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025 |
| 14. | INVESTMENT PROPERTY - continued |
| Company |
| At 31 March 2021, the company's investment properties were valued externally by the Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors (RICS) Registered Valuers of James Lang LaSalle Ltd. |
| The valuation was prepared in accordance with the RICS Valuation - Global Standards 2022 on the basis of fair value. Fair value represents the price that would be received to sell an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. |
| At 31 March 2025 the external valuation was updated on the same basis by the directors. |
| 15. | DEBTORS |
| Group | Company |
| 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 |
| £ | £ | £ | £ |
| Amounts falling due within one year: |
| Trade debtors | 2,969,830 | 2,218,023 |
| Other debtors | 32,447 | 419,681 |
| Prepayments | 86,242 | 245,581 |
| 3,088,519 | 2,883,285 |
| Amounts falling due after more than one | year: |
| Amounts owed by group undertakings | - | - |
| Other debtors | 3,218,250 | 3,032,859 |
| 3,218,250 | 3,032,859 |
| Aggregate amounts | 6,306,769 | 5,916,144 |
| 16. | CREDITORS: AMOUNTS FALLING DUE WITHIN ONE YEAR |
| Group | Company |
| 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 |
| £ | £ | £ | £ |
| Bank loans and overdrafts (see note 18) | 68,758,871 | 2,064,560 |
| Trade creditors | 3,224,374 | 3,282,472 |
| Tax | 1,526,385 | 1,736,658 |
| Social security and other taxes | 21,855 | 25,726 |
| VAT | 55,640 | 74,346 | 66,509 | 85,355 |
| Other creditors | 886,325 | 780,131 |
| Accrued expenses | 341,851 | 330,618 |
| 74,815,301 | 8,294,511 |
| 17. | CREDITORS: AMOUNTS FALLING DUE AFTER MORE THAN ONE YEAR |
| Group | Company |
| 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 |
| £ | £ | £ | £ |
| Bank loans (see note 18) | 22,865,767 | 86,465,506 |
| Amounts owed to group undertakings | 3,368,153 | 3,244,783 | 3,828,079 | 3,705,562 |
| Other creditors | 1,270,119 | 1,155,369 | 1,270,119 | 1,155,369 |
| Directors' loan accounts | 2,934,402 | 3,576,442 | 2,934,402 | 3,576,442 |
| 30,438,441 | 94,442,100 |
| SEP PROPERTIES LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 02072876) |
| NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued |
| FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025 |
| 18. | LOANS |
| An analysis of the maturity of loans is given below: |
| Group | Company |
| 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 |
| £ | £ | £ | £ |
| Amounts falling due within one year or on | demand: |
| Bank overdrafts | 679,996 | 750,249 |
| Bank loans | 68,078,875 | 1,314,311 |
| 68,758,871 | 2,064,560 |
| Amounts falling due between one and two | years: |
| Bank loans - 1-2 years | 715,321 | 63,597,800 |
| Amounts falling due between two and five | years: |
| Bank loans - 2-5 years | 21,262,539 | 21,958,846 |
| Amounts falling due in more than five years: |
| Repayable by instalments |
| Bank loans more 5 yr by instal | 887,907 | 908,860 | 887,907 | 908,860 |
| At the balance sheet date, the company had bank borrowing facilities totalling £67.3m. These facilities are due for renewal on 12 February 2026, which is after the year-end but prior to the expected date of signing the financial statements. The directors have received confirmation from the bank that the facilities will be renewed on substantially similar terms and therefore consider it appropriate to prepare the financial statements on a going concern basis. |
| 19. | SECURED DEBTS |
| The following secured debts are included within creditors: |
| Company |
| 2025 | 2024 |
| £ | £ |
| Bank overdrafts |
| Bank loans |
| 20. | PROVISIONS FOR LIABILITIES |
| Group | Company |
| 2025 | 2024 | 2025 | 2024 |
| £ | £ | £ | £ |
| Deferred tax | 8,184,881 | 8,415,075 | 8,184,881 | 8,415,075 |
| SEP PROPERTIES LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 02072876) |
| NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued |
| FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025 |
| 20. | PROVISIONS FOR LIABILITIES - continued |
| Group |
| Deferred |
| tax |
| £ |
| Balance at 1 April 2024 | 8,415,075 |
| Deferred tax movement on |
| capital allowances included |
| within investment property and |
| capital gains tax on |
| revaluation of investment |
| properties | (230,194 | ) |
| Balance at 31 March 2025 | 8,184,881 |
| Company |
| Deferred |
| tax |
| £ |
| Balance at 1 April 2024 |
| Deferred tax movement on |
| capital allowances included |
| within investment property and |
| capital gains tax on |
| revaluation of investment |
| properties | (230,194 | ) |
| Balance at 31 March 2025 |
| 21. | CALLED UP SHARE CAPITAL |
| Allotted, issued and fully paid: |
| Number: | Class: | Nominal | 2025 | 2024 |
| value: | £ | £ |
| Ordinary | £1 | 82 | 82 |
| 22. | RESERVES |
| Group |
| Retained | Share |
| earnings | premium | Totals |
| £ | £ | £ |
| At 1 April 2024 | 86,781,358 | 48,518 | 86,829,876 |
| Profit for the year | 2,536,214 | 2,536,214 |
| Dividends | (123,370 | ) | (123,370 | ) |
| Revaluation reserve realised | 18,500 | - | 18,500 |
| At 31 March 2025 | 89,212,702 | 48,518 | 89,261,220 |
| Company |
| Retained | Share |
| earnings | premium | Totals |
| £ | £ | £ |
| At 1 April 2024 | 86,969,431 |
| Profit for the year |
| Dividends | ( |
) | ( |
) |
| At 31 March 2025 | 89,381,216 |
| SEP PROPERTIES LIMITED (REGISTERED NUMBER: 02072876) |
| NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS - continued |
| FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 MARCH 2025 |
| 22. | RESERVES - continued |
| Unrealised gains on the revaluation of investment properties, less the related provision for deferred taxation is unrealised profit and is not distributable. Retained profits include £40,928,825 (2024: £41,410,070) of non-distributable profits at the balance sheet date. |
| 23. | ULTIMATE PARENT COMPANY |
| Sep Properties Limited is a subsidiary of SEP Properties Holdings Limited, a company incorporated in Jersey. A copy of the accounts of the holding company may be obtained from its registered office address, 11 Bath Street, St Helier, Jersey JE4 8UT. |
| 24. | CAPITAL COMMITMENTS |
| 2025 | 2024 |
| £ | £ |
| Contracted but not provided for in the |
| financial statements | 600,000 | 4,928,060 |
| 25. | RELATED PARTY DISCLOSURES |
| The company owed £2,934,402 (2024: £3,576,442) to a combined directors loan account. |
| Entities over which the entity has control, joint control or significant influence |
| 2025 | 2024 |
| £ | £ |
| Amount due from related party | 3,218,250 | 3,032,859 |
| Amount due (to) related party | (1,276,931 | ) | (1,162,181 | ) |
| Parent undertaking |
| 2025 | 2024 |
| £ | £ |
| Amount due (to) related party | (3,368,153 | ) | (3,244,783 | ) |
| All amounts owing to and from related parties are not held on normal commercial terms and bear no interest. |
| 26. | ULTIMATE CONTROLLING PARTY |
| The directors do not consider there to be a single ultimate controlling party. |